Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898

{{Infobox solar eclipse|1898Jan22

| previous = Solar eclipse of July 29, 1897

| next = Solar eclipse of July 18, 1898

}}

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, January 22, 1898. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.8 days after perigee (on January 20, 1898, at 12:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1898&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=26 August 2024}}

The path of totality was visible from parts of the Royal Niger Company, Kamerun, Upper Ubanghi, British East Africa, Abyssinia, Italian Somaliland, Hindustan, Nepal, and the Chinese Empire. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for much of Africa, Europe, and Asia.

Observations

class=wikitable width=480

|160px
1.5 second exposure

|160px
9 second exposure

|File:Solar eclipse 1898Jan22-corona-India-Maunder.png]]

colspan=3|480px
Wide view of streamers with the planet Venus

colspan=3|480px
Sketch

There were two organised expeditions to India to observe this eclipse. One was from the British Astronomical Association and the other was led by K D Naegamvala of the Maharaja Taihtasingji Observatory.{{Cite book|last=British Astronomical Association|first=London|url=https://archive.org/details/indianeclipse18900brituoft|title=The Indian eclipse, 1898; report of the expeditions organized by the British Astronomical Association to observe the total solar eclipse of 1898, January 22|last2=Maunder|first2=Edward Walter|date=1899|publisher=London Hazell, Watson, and Winey|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto}}{{Cite book|last=Naegamvala|first=kavasji Dadabhai|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.212767|title=Report On The Total Solar Eclipse Of January 21-22,1898 As Observed At Jeur In Western India|date=1902}}

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1898 Jan 22|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1801-1900/SE1898Jan22Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=26 August 2024}}

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|+January 22, 1898 Solar Eclipse Times

! Event

! Time (UTC)

First Penumbral External Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 04:45:48.1 UTC

First Umbral External Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 05:48:14.1 UTC

First Central Line

| 1898 January 22 at 05:48:33.2 UTC

First Umbral Internal Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 05:48:52.2 UTC

Greatest Duration

| 1898 January 22 at 07:14:10.5 UTC

Greatest Eclipse

| 1898 January 22 at 07:19:11.8 UTC

Ecliptic Conjunction

| 1898 January 22 at 07:24:30.5 UTC

Equatorial Conjunction

| 1898 January 22 at 07:37:20.4 UTC

Last Umbral Internal Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 08:49:22.0 UTC

Last Central Line

| 1898 January 22 at 08:49:39.2 UTC

Last Umbral External Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 08:49:56.3 UTC

Last Penumbral External Contact

| 1898 January 22 at 09:52:32.1 UTC

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|+January 22, 1898 Solar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Eclipse Magnitude

| 1.02440

Eclipse Obscuration

| 1.04940

Gamma

| 0.50791

Sun Right Ascension

| 20h18m29.6s

Sun Declination

| -19°38'50.6"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 16'14.8"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.9"

Moon Right Ascension

| 20h17m48.1s

Moon Declination

| -19°09'57.2"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 16'24.3"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 1°00'12.5"

ΔT

| -4.9 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of January 1898

! January 8
Descending node (full moon)
!! January 22
Ascending node (new moon)

200px

align=center

| Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113

Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 1898 =

A partial lunar eclipse on January 8.
A total solar eclipse on January 22.
A partial lunar eclipse on July 3.
An annular solar eclipse on July 18.
A partial solar eclipse on December 13.
A total lunar eclipse on December 27.

= Metonic =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 6, 1894
Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 11, 1901

= Tzolkinex =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 12, 1890
Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 6, 1905

= Half-Saros =

Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 17, 1889
Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 29, 1907

= Tritos =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 22, 1887
Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 23, 1908

= Solar Saros 139 =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 11, 1880
Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916

= Inex =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 11, 1869
Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 3, 1927

= Triad =

Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 24, 1811
Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1984

= Solar eclipses of 1895–1899 =

The partial solar eclipses on March 26, 1895 and September 18, 1895 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on December 13, 1898 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !class="nowrap" colspan="7" \| Solar eclipse series sets from 1895 to 1899
scope="col" colspan="3" \| Descending node \| rowspan="6" \| ! scope="col" colspan="3" \| Ascending node
style="text-align: center;" ! scope="col" \| Saros ! scope="col" \| Map ! scope="col" \| Gamma ! scope="col" \| Saros ! scope="col" \| Map ! scope="col" \| Gamma
style="text-align: center;" \| 114 \| August 20, 1895 150px Partial \| 1.3911 \| 119 \| February 13, 1896 150px Annular \| −0.9220
style="text-align: center;" \| 124 \| August 9, 1896 150px Total \| 0.6964 \| 129 \| February 1, 1897 150px Annular \| −0.1903
style="text-align: center;" \| 134 \| July 29, 1897 150px Annular \| −0.0640 \| 139 \| January 22, 1898 150px Total \| 0.5079
style="text-align: center;" \| 144 \| July 18, 1898 150px Annular \| −0.8546 \| 149 \| January 11, 1899 150px Partial \| 1.1558

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 1895 to 1899

scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node

| rowspan="6" |

! scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node

style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

style="text-align: center;"

| 114

| August 20, 1895
150px
Partial

| 1.3911

| 119

| February 13, 1896
150px
Annular

| −0.9220

style="text-align: center;"

| 124

| August 9, 1896
150px
Total

| 0.6964

| 129

| February 1, 1897
150px
Annular

| −0.1903

style="text-align: center;"

| 134

| July 29, 1897
150px
Annular

| −0.0640

| 139

| January 22, 1898
150px
Total

| 0.5079

style="text-align: center;"

| 144

| July 18, 1898
150px
Annular

| −0.8546

| 149

| January 11, 1899
150px
Partial

| 1.1558

= Saros 139 =

= Metonic series =

= Tritos series =

= Inex series =

References

[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1801-1900/1898-01-22.gif NASA graphic]
[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=18980122 Googlemap]
[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=18980122 NASA Besselian elements]
{{cite book|author=Mabel Loomis Todd|title=Total Eclipses of the Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI0-AAAAYAAJ|year=1900|publisher=Little, Brown}}
[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/24806 The Indian eclipse, 1898 : report of the expeditions organized by the British Astronomical Association to observe the total solar eclipse of 1898 January 22 / edited by E. Walter Maunder.]
{{cite book|author=Edward Walter Maunder, British Astronomical Association|title=The Indian Eclipse, 1898: Report of the Expeditions Organized by the British Astronomical Association to Observe the Total Solar Eclipse of 1898 January 22|url=https://archive.org/details/indianeclipsere00assogoog|year=1899|publisher=Hazell, Watson, and Viney}}
[http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/Solar_Corona_Shape_pg01.html Photo of Solar Corona January 22, 1898]

1898 01 22

Category:1898 in science

1898 01 22

Category:January 1898