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Solar eclipse of July 16, 2186

{{Short description|Total eclipse}}

{{Infobox solar eclipse|2186Jul16

| previous = Solar eclipse of January 20, 2186

| next = Solar eclipse of January 9, 2187

}}

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, July 16, 2186, with a magnitude of 1.0805. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 3 minutes before perigee (on July 16, 2186, at 15:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2186&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=12 October 2024}}

This eclipse will be the longest total solar eclipse out of 6,326 calculated for 10,000 years between 4000 BCE and 6000 CE. The eclipse will pass over the southern Galápagos Islands (with a total eclipse of 4 minutes occurring over the southern tip of Española Island), the northern tip of Ecuador (with a total eclipse of 3 minutes and 26 seconds on Isla Santa Rosa), central Colombia (4 minutes and 50 seconds over Bogota), central Venezuela, and northern Guyana (7 minutes and 4 seconds just north of Anna Regina).[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=21860716 Total Solar Eclipse of 2186 July 16 - Interactive Eclipse Path Using Google Maps] NASA Eclipse Website, Fred Espenak.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-28 |title=Total solar eclipse: Here are the answers to 8 common questions |url=https://www.wgal.com/article/total-solar-eclipse-questions/60095768 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=WGAL |language=en}}

Extreme duration

File:Solar_eclipse_greatest_eclipse_July_16_2186.png

File:Solar_saros_139_duration_graph.png

This will be the longest total solar eclipse between 4000 BCE and at least CE 6000 (10,000 years), lasting a maximum of 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds. The factors that will make this such a long eclipse are:

  • The Earth being very near aphelion (furthest away from the Sun in its elliptical orbit, making its angular diameter nearly as small as possible). This occurs around July 6th.
  • The Moon being almost exactly at perigee (making its angular diameter as large as possible). The moment of greatest eclipse will be just 50 minutes after perigee.{{cite web|title=Lunar Perigee and Apogee Calculator.|url=https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html}}
  • The midpoint of the eclipse being very close to the Earth's equator, where the Earth's rotational velocity is greatest. (The affects the distance the shadow travels on the ground, but not the time duration.)
  • The midpoint of the eclipse being near the subsolar point (the part of the Earth closest to the Sun, and therefore also closest to the Moon during an eclipse).
  • The vector of the eclipse path at the midpoint of the eclipse aligning with the vector of the Earth's rotation (i.e. not diagonal but due east). For solar eclipses at the ascending node (odd numbered saros) this occurs approximately 12 days after the summer solstice.{{cite journal|last=Meeus|first=J.|title=The maximum possible duration of a total solar eclipse.|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association|date=December 2003|volume=113|issue=6|pages=343–348|bibcode = 2003JBAA..113..343M}}M. Littman, et al.

The longest historical total eclipse lasted 7 minutes 27.54 seconds on June 15, 743 BC.[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcatmax/SEcatmax.html Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, -3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE)] Fred Espenak. The longest eclipse theoretically possible is 7 minutes and 32 seconds.{{cite book|title=Totality: Eclipses of the Sun.|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press Inc.|location=New York|author=Mark Littman|author2=Fred Espenak|author3=Ken Wilcox|chapter=A Quest to Understand|isbn = 978-0-19-953209-4|edition=3rd|quote="Eclipse expert Jean Meeus calculates the maximum possible eclipse duration of totality in a solar eclipse is currently 7 minutes 32 seconds.}}

Responses

Michael Zeiler, an eclipse cartographer, told Live Science the 2186 eclipse "will last up to an astonishing 7 minutes and 29 seconds, very close to the theoretical limit of 7 and a half minutes."{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Jamie |date=2024-01-31 |title=What's the longest solar eclipse in history? (And how does the April 2024 total eclipse compare?) |url=https://www.livescience.com/space/the-sun/whats-the-longest-solar-eclipse-in-history-and-how-does-the-april-2024-total-eclipse-compare |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}

Vice magazine, musing what the "wolves feasting on the bones" of a possibly then-extinct human civilization would think, suggested the longest solar eclipse in 12,000 years would be "worth a howl".{{Cite web |last=Byrne |first=Michael |date=2016-02-18 |title=Astronomers Discover the Universe's Longest Known Stellar Eclipse |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/astronomers-discover-the-universes-longest-known-stellar-eclipse/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Vice |language=en}}

IFL Science noted that the 22nd century will be a "golden era for eclipse chasers", with the 2186 eclipse overshadowing two other 7+ minute events in 2150 and 2168.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=When Was The Longest Recorded Solar Eclipse In History? |url=https://www.iflscience.com/when-was-the-longest-recorded-solar-eclipse-in-history-73412 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=IFLScience |language=en}} No total solar eclipse of the 21st century will exceed 7 minutes.{{cite book |last=Mobberley |first=Martin |author-link= |date=2007 |title=Total Solar Eclipses and How to Observe Them |url= |location=New York |publisher=Springer |page=10 |isbn=}}

In March 2023, the art and design magazine IGNANT interviewed the Berlin-based photographer Matthias Ledinger about his project AD2186. Using primarily black and white media, Ledinger "depicts the complex awe-sensations and emotions generated by the solar eclipse" similar to that of the Overview effect.{{Cite web |last=Gualandris |first=Devid |date=2023-03-25 |title=AD2186, Matthias Leidinger's Photographic Exploration Of Awe And Wonder |url=https://www.ignant.com/2023/03/25/ad2186-matthias-leidingers-photographic-exploration-of-awe-and-wonder/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=IGNANT |language=en-US}}

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 2186 Jul 16|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/2101-2200/SE2186Jul16Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=12 October 2024}}

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+July 16, 2186 Solar Eclipse Times

! Event

! Time (UTC)

First Penumbral External Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 12:39:43.0 UTC

First Umbral External Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 13:33:32.0 UTC

First Central Line

| 2186 July 16 at 13:35:13.1 UTC

First Umbral Internal Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 13:36:54.2 UTC

First Penumbral Internal Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 14:33:28.5 UTC

Ecliptic Conjunction

| 2186 July 16 at 15:12:28.2 UTC

Greatest Duration

| 2186 July 16 at 15:13:17.7 UTC

Greatest Eclipse

| 2186 July 16 at 15:14:54.1 UTC

Equatorial Conjunction

| 2186 July 16 at 15:16:50.6 UTC

Last Penumbral Internal Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 15:56:16.7 UTC

Last Umbral Internal Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 16:52:52.6 UTC

Last Central Line

| 2186 July 16 at 16:54:33.7 UTC

Last Umbral External Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 16:56:14.8 UTC

Last Penumbral External Contact

| 2186 July 16 at 17:50:04.4 UTC

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+July 16, 2186 Solar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Eclipse Magnitude

| 1.08047

Eclipse Obscuration

| 1.16741

Gamma

| −0.23964

Sun Right Ascension

| 07h45m22.8s

Sun Declination

| +21°12'31.6"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 15'44.1"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.7"

Moon Right Ascension

| 07h45m17.9s

Moon Declination

| +20°57'54.1"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 16'43.2"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 1°01'21.8"

ΔT

| 246.3 s

{{clear}}

Eclipse season

{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of July 2186

! July 16
Ascending node (new moon)
!! July 31
Descending node (full moon)

200px
align=center

| Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 151

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 2186 =

= Metonic =

= Tzolkinex =

= Half-Saros =

= Tritos =

= Solar Saros 139 =

= Inex =

= Triad =

= Solar eclipses of 2185–2188 =

{{Lunar year eclipse set info}}

The partial solar eclipses on May 26, 2188 and November 18, 2188 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 2185 to 2188

scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node

| rowspan="6" | 

! scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node

style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

style="text-align: center;"

| 124

| January 31, 2185
150px
Partial

| 1.1991

| 129

| July 26, 2185
150px
Total

| −0.9967

style="text-align: center;"

| 134

| January 20, 2186
150px
Annular

| 0.5426

| 139

| July 16, 2186
150px
Total

| −0.2396

style="text-align: center;"

| 144

| January 9, 2187
150px
Annular

| −0.1365

| 149

| July 6, 2187
150px
Total

| 0.5109

style="text-align: center;"

| 154

| December 29, 2187
150px
Annular

| −0.8126

| 159

| June 24, 2188
150px
Partial

| 1.3252

style="text-align: center;"

| 164

| December 18, 2188
150px
Partial

| −1.4420

= Saros 139 =

{{Solar Saros series 139}}

= Metonic series =

{{Metonic eclipse set info}} All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

!colspan=5|13 eclipse events between May 4, 2152 and December 9, 2197

May 4–5

!February 21

!December 9

!September 27–28

!July 16

121

!123

!125

!127

!129

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
May 4, 2152

|150px
February 21, 2156

|150px
December 9, 2159

|150px
September 28, 2163

|150px
July 16, 2167

131

!133

!135

!137

!139

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
May 5, 2171

|150px
February 21, 2175

|150px
December 9, 2178

|150px
September 27, 2182

|150px
July 16, 2186

141

!143

!145

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
May 4, 2190

|150px
February 21, 2194

|150px
December 9, 2197

= Tritos series =

{{Solar Tritos series 2000 December 25}}

= Inex series =

{{Solar Inex series 2012 November 13}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcat5/SE2101-2200.html NASA Solar eclipses: 2101 to 2200]
  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=21860716 Besselian Elements]
  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=21860716 NASA googlemap of eclipse path]

{{Solar eclipses}}

2186 July 16

Category:22nd-century astronomical events