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Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945

{{Short description|Total eclipse}}

{{Infobox solar eclipse|1945Jul09

| previous = Solar eclipse of January 14, 1945

| next = Solar eclipse of January 3, 1946

}}

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, July 9, 1945,{{cite web|title=July 9, 1945 Total Solar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/1945-july-9|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=4 August 2024}} with a magnitude of 1.018. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.4 days after perigee (on July 5, 1945, at 4:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1945&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=4 August 2024}}

The path of totality crossed Oregon, Idaho, and Montana in the northwestern United States, much of central and northeastern Canada, across Greenland and into Scandinavia, the western Soviet Union, and central Asia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and the Soviet Union. The eclipse was mostly seen on July 9, 1945, except for northeastern Soviet Union, where a partial eclipse was seen on July 10 local time, or starting on July 9, passing midnight and ending on July 10 due to the midnight sun.

Observation

Princeton University sent a team to observe the total eclipse southeast of Malta, Montana. The sun happened to appear from a gap in the clouds around the second contact (the beginning of the total phase). The total phase was not affected by the clouds afterwards, but clouds gradually moved closer to the sun, and blocking the sun during the partial phase after the total phase ended. Nobody saw Baily's beads, prominences or shadow bands there. The team from the Franklin Institute and University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia went to Wolseley, Saskatchewan, Canada. The weather condition was clear before sunrise, with only some thin clouds near the horizon. The sun passed through a series of clouds after sunrise, and the weather kept good since then. The observation was successful. The team from the Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin observed the eclipse in Pine River in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The eclipse occurred on the morning of July 9. The eastern sky was covered with clouds at sunrise. The sun came out from the clouds 25 minutes before totality, and half an hour later the entire sky was covered with clouds again. Because the local duration of totality was only 37 seconds, the team took small- and large-scale images of the corona at the same time in order to completely record the data, to study the characteristics of both the outer and inner corona. Since the eclipse occurred less than 2 months after the end of the European theatre of World War II, only a few Swedish teams, one Danish team and one French team managed to observe it from Scandinavia. Another small Norwegian team and some other teams in the Soviet Union did not make observations successfully due to the clouds. Among them, teams from the Stockholm Observatory, Sweden and Paris Observatory, France observed it in Brattås, Västerbotten, Sweden, and photographed the corona and spectra.{{cite web|author=Xavier M. Jubier|title=Eclipse totale de Soleil du 9 juillet 1945 depuis le nord-ouest des États-Unis, le centre du Canada ou la Suède (Total Solar Eclipse of 1945 July 9 in northwestern USA, central Canada or Sweden)|url=http://xjubier.free.fr/site_pages/solar_eclipses/TSE_19450709_pg01.html|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026164435/http://xjubier.free.fr/site_pages/solar_eclipses/TSE_19450709_pg01.html}}

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1945 Jul 09|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1901-2000/SE1945Jul09Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=4 August 2024}}

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|+July 9, 1945 Solar Eclipse Times

! Event

! Time (UTC)

First Penumbral External Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 10:59:59.7 UTC

First Umbral External Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 12:13:56.0 UTC

First Central Line

| 1945 July 09 at 12:14:14.5 UTC

First Umbral Internal Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 12:14:33.1 UTC

Greatest Duration

| 1945 July 09 at 13:25:30.5 UTC

Equatorial Conjunction

| 1945 July 09 at 13:25:35.0 UTC

Greatest Eclipse

| 1945 July 09 at 13:27:45.5 UTC

Ecliptic Conjunction

| 1945 July 09 at 13:35:40.9 UTC

Last Umbral Internal Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 14:41:02.5 UTC

Last Central Line

| 1945 July 09 at 14:41:18.2 UTC

Last Umbral External Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 14:41:34.0 UTC

Last Penumbral External Contact

| 1945 July 09 at 15:55:37.9 UTC

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+July 9, 1945 Solar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Eclipse Magnitude

| 1.01801

Eclipse Obscuration

| 1.03635

Gamma

| 0.73557

Sun Right Ascension

| 07h13m29.9s

Sun Declination

| +22°22'15.4"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 15'43.9"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.6"

Moon Right Ascension

| 07h13m34.9s

Moon Declination

| +23°04'54.4"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 15'50.6"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 0°58'08.9"

ΔT

| 27.0 s

{{clear}}

Eclipse season

{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of June–July 1945

! June 25
Descending node (full moon) !! July 9
Ascending node (new moon)

200px200px
align=center

| Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 119

Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 145

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 1945 =

= Metonic =

= Tzolkinex =

= Half-Saros =

= Tritos =

= Solar Saros 145 =

= Inex =

= Triad =

= Solar eclipses of 1942–1946 =

{{Solar eclipse set 1942–1946}}

= Saros 145 =

{{Solar Saros series 145}}

= Metonic series =

{{Solar Metonic series 1880–1964}}

= Tritos series =

{{Solar Tritos series 2000 February 5}}

= Inex series =

{{Solar Inex series 2003 May 31}}

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

{{Solar eclipse NASA reference|1901/SE1945Jul09T|19450709}}

  • {{cite book |last=Вьюшков П.В. |date=1945 |script-title=ru:Солнечное затмение 9 июля 1945 года |trans-title=Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945 |url=http://library.sgu.ru/voin/1945/6.pdf |language=ru|location=Saratov|publisher=Saratov State University}}

{{Solar eclipses}}

{{Commons category|Solar eclipse of 1945 July 9}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solar Eclipse Of July 9, 1945}}

1945 07 09

Category:1945 in science

1945 07 09

Category:July 1945