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Solar eclipse of June 16, 1806

{{Short description|Total eclipse}}

{{Infobox solar eclipse|1806Jun16

| previous = Solar eclipse of December 21, 1805

| next = Solar eclipse of December 10, 1806

}}

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, June 16, 1806 (sometimes dubbed Tecumseh's Eclipse), with a magnitude of 1.0604. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.7 days before perigee (on June 18, 1806, at 9:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1806&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=22 September 2024}}

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day northwestern Mexico, the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, northwestern Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, southeastern Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine in the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, and West Africa.

The eclipse was predicted by Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa and its appearance aided unity among the Indigenous peoples of North America. Astronomer José Joaquín de Ferrer observed and named the solar corona during this eclipse.

Tenskwatawa's prediction

It has been called Tecumseh's Eclipse after the Shawnee chief, Tecumseh. He realized that the only hope for the various tribes in east and central North America was to join. He was assisted by his brother, Tenskwatawa, called The Prophet, who called for a rejection of European influence and a return to traditional values. This tribal unity threatened William Henry Harrison, the Territorial Governor of Indiana and future 9th President of the United States. Harrison tried to discredit the Shawnee leader by challenging Tenskwatawa to prove his powers. He wrote: "If he (Tenskwatawa) is really a prophet, ask him to cause the Sun to stand still or the Moon to alter its course, the rivers to cease to flow or the dead to rise from their graves."

Tenskwatawa declared that the Great Spirit was angry at Harrison and would give a sign. "Fifty days from this day there will be no cloud in the sky. Yet, when the Sun has reached its highest point, at that moment will the Great Spirit take it into her hand and hide it from us. The darkness of night will thereupon cover us and the stars will shine round about us. The birds will roost and the night creatures will awaken and stir." On that day, there was an eclipse, and Harrison's attempt to divide the Shawnee people backfired spectacularly. Then, Tecumseh ordered the Great Spirit to release the sun."An Account of 1806, June 16 eclipse from a sorrow in our heart: A life of Tecumseh" by Allan W. Eckert.

Observations

File:Solar eclipse 1806Jun16-Corona-Ferrer.png's illustration of the eclipse]]

José Joaquín de Ferrer observed from Kinderhook, New York and gave the name corona to the glow of the faint outer atmosphere of the Sun seen during a total eclipse. He proposed that the corona must belong to the Sun, not the Moon, because of its great size. Ferrer also stated that during the total eclipse of 1806, the irregularities of the Moon's surface were plainly discernible.[https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=aiZbAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA402 History of Physical Astronomy, January 1852]

Capel Lofft observed from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.{{Cite journal|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101064253204;view=2up;seq=110;skin=mobile|title=The Monthly magazine. v.22 (1806). - Full View {{!}} HathiTrust Digital Library {{!}} HathiTrust Digital Library|journal=Monthly Magazine and Critical Register of Books|year=1796 |language=en|access-date=2017-07-04|last1=Blake |first1=William }}

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1806 Jun 16|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1801-1900/SE1806Jun16Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=23 September 2024}}

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+June 16, 1806 Solar Eclipse Times

! Event

! Time (UTC)

First Penumbral External Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 13:47:18.5 UTC

First Umbral External Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 14:44:05.8 UTC

First Central Line

| 1806 June 16 at 14:45:19.5 UTC

First Umbral Internal Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 14:46:33.4 UTC

First Penumbral Internal Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 15:49:22.2 UTC

Ecliptic Conjunction

| 1806 June 16 at 16:21:07.3 UTC

Equatorial Conjunction

| 1806 June 16 at 16:22:27.7 UTC

Greatest Duration

| 1806 June 16 at 16:24:24.6 UTC

Greatest Eclipse

| 1806 June 16 at 16:24:26.5 UTC

Last Penumbral Internal Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 16:59:34.4 UTC

Last Umbral Internal Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 18:02:18.7 UTC

Last Central Line

| 1806 June 16 at 18:03:34.3 UTC

Last Umbral External Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 18:04:49.9 UTC

Last Penumbral External Contact

| 1806 June 16 at 19:01:31.5 UTC

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+June 16, 1806 Solar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Eclipse Magnitude

| 1.06042

Eclipse Obscuration

| 1.12449

Gamma

| 0.32035

Sun Right Ascension

| 05h37m06.5s

Sun Declination

| +23°21'35.2"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 15'44.3"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.7"

Moon Right Ascension

| 05h37m11.4s

Moon Declination

| +23°40'49.1"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 16'25.5"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 1°00'17.0"

ΔT

| 12.1 s

{{clear}}

Eclipse season

{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of June 1806

! June 16
Descending node (new moon)
!! June 30
Ascending node (full moon)

200px
align=center

| Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 124

Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 136

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 1806 =

= Metonic =

= Tzolkinex =

= Half-Saros =

= Tritos =

= Solar Saros 124 =

= Inex =

= Triad =

= Solar eclipses of 1805–1808 =

{{Lunar year eclipse set info}}

The partial solar eclipses on January 30, 1805 and July 26, 1805 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on October 19, 1808 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 1805 to 1808

scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node

| rowspan="6" | 

! scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node

style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

! scope="col" | Saros

! scope="col" | Map

! scope="col" | Gamma

style="text-align: center;"

| 109

| January 1, 1805
150px
Partial

| −1.5315

| 114

| June 26, 1805
150px
Partial

| 1.0462

style="text-align: center;"

| 119

| December 21, 1805
150px
Annular

| −0.8751

| 124

| June 16, 1806
150px
Total

| 0.3204

style="text-align: center;"

| 129

| December 10, 1806
150px
Annular

| −0.1627

| 134

| June 6, 1807
150px
Hybrid

| −0.4577

style="text-align: center;"

| 139

| November 29, 1807
150px
Hybrid

| 0.5377

| 144

| May 25, 1808
150px
Partial

| −1.2665

style="text-align: center;"

| 149

| November 18, 1808
150px
Partial

| 1.1874

= Saros 124 =

{{Solar Saros series 124}}

= Metonic series =

{{Metonic eclipse set info}} All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

!colspan=5|24 eclipse events between August 28, 1802 and August 28, 1859

August 27–28

!June 16

!April 3–4

!January 20–21

!November 9

122

!124

!126

!128

!130

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
August 28, 1802

|150px
June 16, 1806

|150px
April 4, 1810

|150px
January 21, 1814

|150px
November 9, 1817

132

!134

!136

!138

!140

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
August 27, 1821

|150px
June 16, 1825

|150px
April 3, 1829

|150px
January 20, 1833

|150px
November 9, 1836

142

!144

!146

!148

!150

style="text-align:center;"

|150px
August 27, 1840

|150px
June 16, 1844

|150px
April 3, 1848

|150px
January 21, 1852

|150px
November 9, 1855

152
style="text-align:center;"

|150px
August 28, 1859

= Tritos series =

{{Solar Tritos series 2002 December 4}}

= Inex series =

{{Solar Inex series 2009 January 26}}

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

{{Commons category|Solar eclipse of 1806 June 16}}

  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1801-1900/1806-06-16.gif NASA chart graphics]
  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=18060616 Googlemap]
  • [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=18060616 NASA Besselian elements]
  • {{cite book|author=Mabel Loomis Todd|title=Total Eclipses of the Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI0-AAAAYAAJ|year=1900|publisher=Little, Brown}}
  • [http://www.eclipse-chasers.com/tse1806.html Tecumseh and the Eclipse of 1806]

{{Solar eclipses}}

1806 6 16

Category:1806 in science

1806 6 16

Category:June 1806

Category:Tecumseh