Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
{{Short description|Total eclipse}}
{{Infobox solar eclipse|1893Apr16
| previous = Solar eclipse of October 20, 1892
| next = Solar eclipse of October 9, 1893
}}
File:PSM V60 D257 Solar corona of 1893 eclipse.png
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, April 16, 1893, with a magnitude of 1.0556. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days before perigee (on April 17, 1893, at 21:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1893&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=27 August 2024}}
The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day countries of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, southern Algeria, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of South America, Africa, and Southern Europe.
Observations
According to Edward S. Holden, John Martin Schaeberle discovered a comet like object on the plates of the eclipse from Chile. The comet was 0.8 Moon diameters from the Moon.[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SENL/SENL200304.pdf SENL200304] (PDF) at NASA.gov
Schaeberle observed the eclipse and made drawings of the Corona:
| class=wikitable
|240px |240px |
| 240px Observed by Schaeberle |
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1893 Apr 16|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1801-1900/SE1893Apr16Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=27 August 2024}}
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+April 16, 1893 Solar Eclipse Times ! Event ! Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 11:57:24.1 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 12:52:48.9 UTC |
| First Central Line
| 1893 April 16 at 12:53:50.7 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 12:54:52.6 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 13:51:45.5 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction
| 1893 April 16 at 14:26:54.0 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction
| 1893 April 16 at 14:34:21.8 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse
| 1893 April 16 at 14:36:11.0 UTC |
| Greatest Duration
| 1893 April 16 at 14:42:16.8 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 15:20:49.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 16:17:33.4 UTC |
| Last Central Line
| 1893 April 16 at 16:18:36.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 16:19:40.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact
| 1893 April 16 at 17:14:58.4 UTC |
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+April 16, 1893 Solar Eclipse Parameters ! Parameter ! Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude
| 1.05562 |
| Eclipse Obscuration
| 1.11434 |
| Gamma
| −0.17634 |
| Sun Right Ascension
| 01h39m29.7s |
| Sun Declination
| +10°20'33.9" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 15'55.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension
| 01h39m49.3s |
| Moon Declination
| +10°11'02.4" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'32.0" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 1°00'40.6" |
| ΔT
| -6.4 s |
{{clear}}
Eclipse season
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of April 1893 ! April 16 | April 30 Descending node (full moon) |
| 200px | |
| align=center
| Total solar eclipse | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 139 |
Related eclipses
= Eclipses in 1893 =
- A total solar eclipse on April 16.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 30.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 25.
- An annular solar eclipse on October 9.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 25.
= Metonic =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 1, 1897
= Tzolkinex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 5, 1886
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 28, 1900
= Half-Saros =
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 10, 1884
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of April 22, 1902
= Tritos =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 17, 1882
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1904
= Solar Saros 127 =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 6, 1875
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 28, 1911
= Inex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 6, 1864
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 28, 1922
= Triad =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 16, 1806
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980
= Solar eclipses of 1892–1895 =
{{Lunar year eclipse set info}}
The partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1895 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 1892 to 1895 |
| scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node
| rowspan="6" | ! scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node |
|---|
| style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma ! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 117 | April 26, 1892 | −0.8870 | 122 | October 20, 1892 | 1.0286 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 127 | April 16, 1893 | −0.1764 | 132 | October 9, 1893 | 0.2866 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 137 | April 6, 1894 | 0.5740 | 142 | September 29, 1894 | −0.4573 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 147 | March 26, 1895 | 1.3565 | 152 | September 18, 1895 | −1.1469 |
= Saros 127 =
{{Solar Saros series 127}}
= Metonic series =
{{Solar Metonic series 1859–1946}}
= Tritos series =
{{Solar Tritos series 2002 June 10}}
= Inex series =
{{Solar Inex series 2009 January 26}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1801-1900/1893-04-16.gif NASA graphics]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=18930416 Googlemap]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=18930416 NASA Besselian elements]
- [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/Solar_Corona_Shape_pg01.html Fotos of Solar Corona April 16, 1893]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100601214721/http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/eclipse_photos4.html],[https://web.archive.org/web/20100601214731/http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/eclipse_photos5.html], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100601214638/http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/eclipse_photos6.html] Eclipse of April 16, 1893. Contact print from the original glass plate negative.] Lick Observatory Plate Archive, Mt. Hamilton.
- {{cite book|author=Mabel Loomis Todd|title=Total Eclipses of the Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI0-AAAAYAAJ|year=1900|publisher=Little, Brown}}
{{Solar eclipses}}
{{Commons category|Solar eclipse of 1893 April 16}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Solar Eclipse Of April 16, 1893}}