Login
Login

Solar eclipse of June 8, 1937

{{Short description|Total eclipse}}

{{Infobox solar eclipse|1937Jun08

|image=File:Kanton total eclipse June8, 1937.jpg

|caption=The solar eclipse as viewed from Kanton Island.

| previous = Solar eclipse of December 13, 1936

| next = Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937

}}

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Tuesday, June 8 and Wednesday, June 9, 1937,{{cite web|title=June 8, 1937 Total Solar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/1937-june-8|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=3 August 2024}} with a magnitude of 1.0751. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 16 hours after perigee (on June 8, 1937, at 4:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1937&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=3 August 2024}}

With a maximum eclipse of 7 minutes and 4.06 seconds, this was the longest total solar eclipse since July 1, 1098, which lasted 7 minutes and 5.34 seconds. A longer total solar eclipse occurred on June 20, 1955.

The path of totality crossed the Pacific Ocean starting in Gilbert and Ellice Islands (now belonging to Tuvalu and Kiribati) on June 9 (Wednesday), and ending at sunset in Peru on June 8 (Tuesday). At sunrise totality lasted 3 minutes, 6.8 seconds and at sunset totality lasted 3 minutes, 5.1 seconds. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Oceania, Hawaii, southern North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and western South America. American astronomy professor Ethelwynn Rice Beckwith traveled to Peru to see this eclipse, and described the event in detail for the Oberlin Alumnae Magazine in 1937, in an article titled "Three Minutes in Peru."

Observations

Scientists from the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand observed the total eclipse in Canton Island, Phoenix Islands. The American expedition was organized by the National Geographic Society and assisted by the United States Navy. This total solar eclipse was memorable for three reasons: first, the duration of totality was particularly long with the longest point in eastern Pacific exceeding 7 minutes; second, despite being in the tropics, weather was good for all observation sites; third, broadcasts were made through radio before, during and after the eclipse through long distances so people could hear the details.{{Cite journal|title=The Total Eclipse Observed on Canton Island|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/124881|last=Mitchell|first=S. A.|date=February 1938|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|doi=10.1086/124881|volume=50|issue=293 |pages=23|bibcode=1938PASP...50...23M |issn=0004-6280|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226001152/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/124881|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|title=Report of the New Zealand Total Solar Eclipse Expedition to Canton Island, 1937 June 8|last=Michie|first=C. B.|date=1 December 1938|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|issue=2|doi=10.1093/mnras/99.2.132|volume=99|pages=132–135|doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1937 Jun 08|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1901-2000/SE1937Jun08Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+June 8, 1937 Solar Eclipse Times

! Event

! Time (UTC)

First Penumbral External Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 18:04:51.1 UTC

First Umbral External Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 18:59:01.4 UTC

First Central Line

| 1937 June 8 at 19:00:34.9 UTC

First Umbral Internal Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 19:02:08.4 UTC

First Penumbral Internal Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 19:58:44.5 UTC

Greatest Duration

| 1937 June 8 at 20:40:34.6 UTC

Greatest Eclipse

| 1937 June 8 at 20:41:01.5 UTC

Equatorial Conjunction

| 1937 June 8 at 20:41:09.6 UTC

Ecliptic Conjunction

| 1937 June 8 at 20:43:19.5 UTC

Last Penumbral Internal Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 21:23:18.0 UTC

Last Umbral Internal Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 22:19:55.6 UTC

Last Central Line

| 1937 June 8 at 22:21:28.3 UTC

Last Umbral External Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 22:23:00.9 UTC

Last Penumbral External Contact

| 1937 June 8 at 23:17:13.7 UTC

class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"

|+June 8, 1937 Solar Eclipse Parameters

! Parameter

! Value

Eclipse Magnitude

| 1.07513

Eclipse Obscuration

| 1.15590

Gamma

| −0.22532

Sun Right Ascension

| 05h06m06.4s

Sun Declination

| +22°52'06.5"

Sun Semi-Diameter

| 15'45.2"

Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 08.7"

Moon Right Ascension

| 05h06m06.1s

Moon Declination

| +22°38'22.0"

Moon Semi-Diameter

| 16'39.4"

Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax

| 1°01'08.0"

ΔT

| 23.9 s

{{clear}}

Eclipse season

{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

class="wikitable"

|+ Eclipse season of May–June 1937

! May 25
Ascending node (full moon) !! June 8
Descending node (new moon)

200px200px
align=center

| Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 110

Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 136

Related eclipses

= Eclipses in 1937 =

= Metonic =

= Tzolkinex =

= Half-Saros =

= Tritos =

= Solar Saros 136 =

= Inex =

= Triad =

= Solar eclipses of 1935–1938 =

{{Solar eclipse set 1935–1938}}

= Saros 136 =

{{Solar_Saros_series_136}}

= Metonic series =

{{Solar Metonic series 1884–1971}}

= Tritos series =

{{Solar Tritos series 2002 December 4}}

= Inex series =

{{Solar Inex series 2024 April 8}}

See also

  • {{section link|Kanton Island|Americans arrive}} - describing events where a Pacific island disputed between the UK and the US was used to view the eclipse

Notes

{{reflist|refs=

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-honolulu-advertiser-isle-eclipse-gro/133621668/

| date = 1937-06-09

| page = 2

| title = Isle Eclipse Group Anxious To Return To Mainland

| newspaper = The Honolulu Advertiser

| location = Honolulu, Hawaii

| via = Newspapers.com

| access-date = 2023-10-17

}}

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sydney-morning-herald-solar-eclipse/133621726/

| date = 1937-06-09

| page = 14

| title = Solar Eclipse: To-day's Phenomenon.

| newspaper = The Sydney Morning Herald

| location = Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

| via = Newspapers.com

| access-date = 2023-10-17

}}

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic-scientists-get-good-pic/133621812/

| date = 1937-06-09

| page = 1

| title = Scientists Get Good Pictures Of Eclipse

| newspaper = Arizona Republic

| location = Phoenix, Arizona

| via = Newspapers.com

| access-date = 2023-10-17

}}

{{Cite news

| url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-eclipse-and-shad/133621765/

| date = 1937-06-09

| page = 19

| title = Eclipse and Shadow of Moon On Earth Photographed From Plane 5 Miles High, Other Good Shots

| newspaper = St. Louis Post-Dispatch

| location = St. Louis, Missouri

| via = Newspapers.com

| access-date = 2023-10-17

}}

{{Cite journal

| last = Beckwith

| first = Ethelwynn Rice

| date = November 1937

| title = Three Minutes in Peru

| url = https://archive.org/details/oberlinalumnimag1937ober_l2w7/page/2/mode/2up?q=Ethelwynn+Rice

| journal = Oberlin Alumnae Magazine

| pages = 2–3

| via = Internet Archive

}}

{{cite web

| first = Fred

| last = Espenak

| title = Total Solar Eclipses with Durations Exceeding 07m 00s: -3999 to 6000

| url = http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcatmax/SE-3999-6000MaxT.html

| publisher = NASA Eclipse Web Site

}}

}}

References

{{Solar eclipse NASA reference|1901/SE1937Jun08T|19370608}}

  • [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/Solar_Corona_Shape_pg02.html Fotos of Solar Corona June 8, 1937]

{{Solar eclipses}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solar Eclipse Of June 8, 1937}}

1937 06 08

Category:1937 in science

1937 06 08

Category:June 1937