Solar power in Chile
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{{Update|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox country solar power|country=Chile
|capacity=11.05|most_recent_year=2024|generation=19.92|most_recent_year_generation=2024|capacity_capita=592|most_recent_year_capita=2024|share=22.3%|most_recent_year_share=2024|rank=19th|most_recent_year_rank=2024}}
Solar power in Chile is an increasingly important source of energy. Total installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity in Chile reached 11.05 GW in 2023.{{Cite web |title=Electricity Data Explorer |url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Ember |language=en-US}} In 2024, Solar energy provided 19.92 TWh of electricity generation in Chile, accounting for 22.3% of total national electricity grid generation, compared to less than 0.1% in 2013. {{Cite web |title=Electricity Data Explorer |url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Ember |language=en-US}}{{cite news |url= https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-solar?tab=chart&country=~CHL |title= Share of electricity production from solar: Chile|page= |publisher=Our World in Data|date= 2024-05-08 |access-date= 2024-05-15}}
In October 2015 Chile's Ministry of Energy announced its "Roadmap to 2050: A Sustainable and Inclusive Strategy", which planned for 19% of the country's electricity to be from solar energy, 23% wind power, and 29% hydroelectric power.[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2015/09/30/chile-sets-70-pct-non-conventional-renewable-energy-target-for-2050/ Chile sets 70 pct. non-conventional renewable energy target for 2050], Fox News Latino from EFE, 30 September 2015
In November 2024, Chile's solar power generation capacity was projected to quadruple until 2060, in order to help decarbonize Chile's electricity generation. Energy storage will play a key role in taking in excess supply during the day and releasing it during the night. Due to its high solar potential, solar power developments will likely grow most in the north. Solar generation is expected to contribute 46% of Chile's electricity in 2060.{{Cite web |last=Zlatkova |first=Misha |date=2024-11-06 |title=What does Chile's Solar-Powered Future look like? |url=https://auroraer.com/insight/what-does-chiles-solar-powered-future-look-like/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=Aurora Energy Research |language=en-GB}}
Solar resource
File:SolarGIS-Solar-map-Chile-en.png
Northern Chile has the highest solar incidence in the world.{{cite web|author1=Inter-American Development Bank|title=Renewable energy to power irrigation in the Atacama desert|url= http://www.iadb.org/en/news/webstories/2011-12-15/solar-power-plant-in-atacama-desert-in-chile,9715.html |access-date=22 July 2014|date=15 December 2011}}
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ImageSize = width:420 height:240 PlotArea = width:350 height:150 left:40 bottom:40 AlignBars = late DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:7.5 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:month increment:1 start:0 TextData = pos:(15,220) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:hrs pos:(205,25) textcolor:black fontsize:S text:Month pos:(90,230) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:Antofagasta Sun Hours/day (Avg = 6.26 hrs/day) Colors = id:yellow value:yellow PlotData= width:20 textcolor:black bar:Jan color:yellow from:0 till:7.08 text:7.08 shift:(-10,80) bar:Feb color:yellow from:0 till:7.47 text:7.47 shift:(-10,80) bar:Mar color:yellow from:0 till:7.21 text:7.21 shift:(-10,80) bar:Apr color:yellow from:0 till:6.51 text:6.51 shift:(-10,75) bar:May color:yellow from:0 till:5.22 text:5.22 shift:(-10,55) bar:Jun color:yellow from:0 till:4.75 text:4.75 shift:(-10,55) bar:Jul color:yellow from:0 till:4.82 text:4.82 shift:(-10,55) bar:Aug color:yellow from:0 till:5.60 text:5.60 shift:(-10,70) bar:Sep color:yellow from:0 till:6.26 text:6.26 shift:(-10,70) bar:Oct color:yellow from:0 till:6.76 text:6.76 shift:(-10,75) bar:Nov color:yellow from:0 till:6.55 text:6.55 shift:(-10,75) bar:Dec color:yellow from:0 till:6.91 text:6.91 shift:(-10,75) |
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Photovoltaics, annual capacity
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Early photovoltaics projects
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File:Equipo EOLIAN 2 - ASC 2011.jpg developed by the University of Chile]]
In June 2014, the 100-megawatt (MW) Amanecer Solar CAP, a photovoltaic power plant located near Copiapó in the Atacama Desert was inaugurated. It was developed by the company with the same name, Amanecer Solar CAP, and was the largest in Latin America at the time. It is capable of generating 270 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity per year.{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1368623/president-bachelet-of-chile-inaugurates-latin-america-s-largest-solar-photovoltaic-power-plant |title=President Bachelet of Chile Inaugurates Latin America's Largest Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant|date=6 June 2014|publisher=Newswire.ca}}{{cite web|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2014/06/09/chile-solar-power-plant-latin-america-largest-solar-power-plant/ |title=Chile Solar Power Plant Is Now Latin America's Largest|date=9 June 2014}}
The 70 MW photovoltaic Salvador Solar Park went online in November 2014, followed by an official inauguration ceremony on 23 January 2015.[https://www.etrion.com/dm/Press/pr_chile_04-11-14.pdf Etrion Announces Completion of 70 MW Solar Park in Chile], Etrion (press release), 4 November 2014 It was expected to produce 200 GWh of electricity per year. The plant is located approximately 5 kilometres south of El Salvador, in the Atacama region. It is one of the first in the world to supply competitively priced solar energy to the open market without government subsidy.[http://newsroom.sunpower.com/2015-01-23-Total-and-SunPower-Celebrate-Completion-of-70-megawatt-PV-Salvador-Solar-Plant-in-Chile Total and SunPower Celebrate Completion of 70-megawatt PV Salvador solar power plant in Chile], SunPower Corp., 23 January 2015
The 60 MW photovoltaic Lalackama I plant went online in 2014 and is expected to produce 160 GWh of electricity per year. The nearby 18 MW Lalackama II plant went online in May 2015 and is capable of generating approximately 50 GWh per year.{{cite web|url=https://www.enelgreenpower.com/en-GB/events_news/news/release.aspx?iddoc=1663117 |title=EGP's largest solar plant is in Chile}}{{cite web|url=https://www.enelgreenpower.com/en-GB/media_investor/press_releases/release.aspx?iddoc=1663736 |title=ENEL GREEN POWER BRINGS NEW PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT ONLINE IN CHILE}}{{cite web|url=http://renewables.seenews.com/news/enel-green-hooks-to-grid-18-mw-pv-plant-in-chile-475279 |title=Enel Green hooks to grid 18-MW PV plant in Chile|publisher=SeeNews|access-date=6 December 2016}} Both plants feature photovoltaic inverters designed and manufactured by Elettronica Santerno,{{cite web|url=http://santerno.com |title=Elettronica Santerno website|publisher=santerno.com}} an Italian company.
The 141 MW photovoltaic Luz Del Norte (Light of the North) plant, located 58 kilometres northeast of the city of Copiapó in the Atacama region, began construction in October 2014 and is scheduled for completion in December 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.evwind.es/2014/10/17/first-solar-panel-for-the-141-megawatt-mwac-luz-del-norte-solar-power-plant-in-chile/48159 |title=First solar panel for the 141 Megawatt (MW)ac Luz del Norte Solar Power plant in Chile - REVE}} It uses more than 1.7 million cadmium telluride modules.{{cite web|url=http://www.firstsolar.com/en/About-Us/Projects/Luz-del-Norte|title=Luz del Norte Solar Project|publisher=First Solar|access-date=6 December 2016}} The first two blocks of this project (approximately half of the project's total capacity) was connected to Chile's central power grid in October 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151028006402/en/Solar-Connects-Luz-del-Norte-Chilean-Central |title=First Solar Connects Luz del Norte to Chilean Central Grid|date=28 October 2015|publisher=Business Wire|access-date=6 December 2016}} The plant supplies ancillary grid services.{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Joshua S |title=Chilean solar plant world's first to deliver grid services |url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/chilean-solar-plant-worlds-first-to-deliver-grid-services-54481/ |website=RenewEconomy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825095941/https://reneweconomy.com.au/chilean-solar-plant-worlds-first-to-deliver-grid-services-54481/ |archive-date=25 August 2020 |language=en-AU |date=25 August 2020 |url-status=live}}
The 79 MW Pampa Norte PV solar plant began operating in April 2016 at a site 32 kilometres southwest of Taltal in Chile's Antofagasta Region. It uses approximately 258,000 polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and is capable of generating more than 200 GWh per year.{{cite web|url=https://www.enelgreenpower.com/en/media/press/d201604-enel-starts-production-at-pampa-norte-pv-plant-in-chile.html |title=Enel Starts Production at Pampa Norte PV Plant in Chile|publisher=Enel Green Power|access-date=6 December 2016}} The plant was developed by Enel Green Power and features photovoltaic inverters designed and manufactured by Elettronica Santerno.{{cite web|url=https://sic.coordinadorelectrico.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/EE-ES-2015-1020-R1_PSNyCNJ_Estudio-de-Coordinacion-de-Protecciones.pdf |title=Estudio de Coordinación de Protecciones|publisher=coordinadorelectrico.cl}}
The 97 MW Carrera Pinto photovoltaic plant is located 60 kilometres from the city of Copiapó in the Atacama Region. The first 20 MW of the plant was connected to the grid in early January 2016, with the remaining 77 MW connected in August 2016. The plant is capable of generating over 260 GWh per year.{{cite web|url=https://www.enelgreenpower.com/en/media/press/d201601-enel-green-powers-carrera-pinto-pv-plant-in-chile-starts-producing-energy.html |title=Enel Green Power's Carrera Pinto PV Plant in Chile Starts Producing Energy|publisher=Enel Green Power|access-date=6 December 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://www.enelgreenpower.com/en/media/press/d201608-enel-starts-production-at-97-mw-carrera-pinto-pv-plant-in-chile.html |title=Enel Starts Production at 97 MW Carrera Pinto PV Plant in Chile|publisher=Enel Green Power|access-date=6 December 2016}}
The 246 MW El Romero single-axis tracking solar photovoltaic plant began operating in November 2016 at Vallenar in the Atacama region, with a 493 GWh annual average output.[http://en.mercopress.com/2016/11/14/chile-connects-latin-america-s-largest-solar-plant-to-the-national-grid Chile connects Latin America's largest solar plant to the national grid], MercoPress, 14 November 2016{{cite web|url=http://www.acciona-energia.com/areas-of-activity/photovoltaic/major-projects/el-romero-solar-pv-plant/ |title=El Romero Solar PV Plant|publisher=Acciona Energy|access-date=6 December 2016}} It was the largest solar farm in Latin America when it opened. It uses 776,000 polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. The solar irradiance has been measured at 853 W/m2.{{cite web|url=https://www.pv-tech.org/news/47330 |title=Acciona and Spanish university claim world record solar generation measurement in Chile|access-date=6 September 2017}}
In 2016, SolarPack won an electricity auction by bidding $29.1/MWh;{{cite web|url=http://www.revistaei.cl/2016/08/17/licitaciones-piso-de-ofertas-es-de-us-29-y-colbun-estaria-entre-las-mas-afectadas/ |title=Licitaciones: piso ofertas es de US$ 29 y Colbún entre las más afectadas}} a record low price.{{cite web|url=http://cleantechies.com/2016/08/18/wind-energy-scores-big-in-chiles-electricity-auction/ |title=Wind Energy Scores Big In Chile's Electricity Auction|date=18 August 2016|work=CleanTechies|access-date=10 September 2016}} In March 2020 PV Magazine reported that Solarpack had begun providing power on 2 March 2020, to the Chilean grid from its 123 MW Granja project, 10 months ahead of the contracted date of 1 January 2021. With that, Solarpack raised its total operating capacity in Chile at the time to 181 MW.{{cite web | url=https://www.pv-magazine-latam.com/2020/03/09/entra-en-operacion-una-planta-fotovoltaica-de-123-mw-en-chile/ | title=Entra en operación una planta fotovoltaica de 123 MW en Chile | date=9 March 2020 }}
Solar thermal power
File:Ministra visita planta fotosolar Cerro Dominador (32536431795).jpg]]
In 2013 the Atacama 1 solar complex was proposed as a 110 MW solar thermal electric plant (the first in Latin America) and a 100 MW photovoltaic plant. The solar thermal plant will include 17.5 hours of thermal storage. These technologies complement each other to supply clean and stable energy 24 hours a day. The complex is located in the commune of María Elena, Segunda Región. Construction of the solar thermal electric plant commenced in 2014 and the plant was scheduled to begin operating in the second quarter of 2017, but got delayed significantly. Construction of the photovoltaic plant commenced in January 2015 and the plant began operating in June 2016 with 160 MW of panels, the largest solar plant in Chile at the time.{{cite web|url=http://www.abengoa.es/web/en/noticias_y_publicaciones/noticias/historico/2015/01_enero/abg_20150126.html| title=Abengoa :: Press Room :: News :: News Archive :: 2015 :: January}}{{cite web|url=http://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/01/enel-commissions-largest-pv-solar-project-chile/ |title=Enel Commissions Its Largest Solar PV Project In Chile|author=Saurabh Mahapatra|date=1 June 2016|work=CleanTechnica}} By the end of 2020 the project was fully erected under the name Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant and is expected to fully operate in 2021.
Because of its good solar resource several international companies have bid record low prices for solar thermal power plants in Chile, including the Copiapó Solar Project bid at $63/MWh by SolarReserve in 2017. If realized this would have been the lowest ever price for a CSP project in the world. Several CSP projects are under development in Chile, but in the absence of technology specific support policies Cerro Dominador is the only one under construction, yet.
Batteries
Some solar facilities also have batteries connected,{{cite web |title=Chile Launches Largest Solar Battery Storage Facility in Latin AmericaRenewables |url=https://www.netzerocircle.org/news/chile-launches-largest-solar-battery-storage-facility-in-latin-america |website=www.netzerocircle.org |language=en |date=17 April 2024}} as they can deliver power after sunset when prices are higher.{{cite web |last1=Maisch |first1=Marija |title=Battery returns vary throughout Chile, solar colocation can double revenues, Aurora finds |url=https://www.ess-news.com/2025/04/03/battery-returns-vary-throughout-chile-solar-colocation-can-double-revenues-aurora-finds/ |website=Energy Storage |date=3 April 2025}} During 2024, 5.9 TWh of electricity was curtailed (mainly solar in the north) due to insufficient transmission, an increase from 2.7 TWh in 2023.{{cite web |last1=Djunisic |first1=Sladjana |title=Chile curtails record 653 GWh of renewable power in Jan {{!}} Renewable Energy News {{!}} Renewables Now |url=https://renewablesnow.com/news/chile-curtails-record-653-gwh-of-renewable-power-in-jan-1271423/ |website=renewablesnow.com |language=en |date=26 February 2025}}
Oasis de Atacama is a multi-site project with up to 2 GW of solar power and 11 GWh of storage. By early 2025, the first phases (Quillagua and Víctor Jara) were being tested,{{cite web |last1=Tourino |first1=Jonathan |title=ContourGlobal brings online Chile solar-plus-storage project, Latin America's 'largest' |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/contourglobal-brings-online-chile-solar-plus-storage-project-latin-americas-largest/ |website=Energy-Storage.News |date=11 April 2025}} using Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries.{{cite web |title=Grenergy, CATL seal 1.25 GWh battery supply deal for Oasis de Atacama |url=https://www.ess-news.com/2024/10/29/grenergy-catl-seal-1-25-gwh-battery-supply-deal-for-oasis-deatacama/ |website=Energy Storage |date=29 October 2024}}
= Under construction =
class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Largest battery power plants under construction ! Name ! Planned ! data-sort-type=numeric | Energy (MWh) ! data-sort-type=numeric | Power (MW) ! data-sort-type=numeric | Duration (hours) ! Type ! Solar plant (MW) !Location ! style="background: #f2f2f2; color: #000080" class="unsortable" | Refs |
CEME1
|2026 |1700 | | | |480 |María Elena {{coord|22.37|S|69.59|W|region:CI}} |
Mesembria
|2025 |1607 | | | | | |
Víctor Jara (Oasis de Atacama)
|2025 |1300 | | |LFP |231 |
Quillagua (Oasis de Atacama)
|2025 |1200 |200 |6 |LFP |221 |María Elena {{coord|21.66|S|69.5|W|region:CI}} |
Arena
|2026 |1100 |220 |5 | |0 |Antofagasta |
|2026
|1000 | | | |220 |Tarapacá |
Libélula
| |995 |199 |5 | |151 |Colina and Tiltil |
Celda
|2026 |912 |228 |4 | | |Camarones {{coord|18.88|S|70.16|W|region:CI}} |
Granja
|2026 |420 |105 |4 | |123 |Tarapacá {{coord|20.813|S|69.487|W|region:CI}} |
Huatacondo
|2026 |312 |98 |3 |LFP |103 |Tarapacá {{coord|21.13|S|69.47|W|region:CI}} |{{cite web |last1=Ini |first1=Luis |title=Construction begins on Chile's 312 MWh Huatacondo battery |url=https://www.ess-news.com/2025/02/11/construction-begins-on-chiles-312-mwh-huatacondo-battery/ |website=Energy Storage |date=11 February 2025}} |
|2025
|100 | | | |31 | |
= Planned =
class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Largest battery storage power plants planned ! Name ! Planned ! Energy (MWh) ! Duration (hours) ! Type ! Solar plant (MW) ! class="unsortable"| Location/coords ! style="background: #f2f2f2; color: #000080" class="unsortable" | Refs |
Elena (Oasis de Atacama)
| |3400 | | |LFP |446 |María Elena {{coord|22.21|S|69.52|W|region:CI}} |
Parque Híbrido Pampas
|2027 |3120 |624 |5 | |252 + 140 MW wind |
Cristales
|2027 |2710 |542 |5 | |340 |Antofagasta |
Kanut
|2027 |1900 |380 |5 | | |
La Isla
|2027 |1250 |250 |5 |LFP |0 |
Los Boldos
|2027 |1236 |252 |4.5 | |300 |
Diego de Almagro Sur
|2027 |912+32 |228 |4 |LFP |232 |Diego de Almagro |
Melipilla
|2026 |922 |120 |7 | | |
Nueva Pozo Almonte substation
|2026 |762 |190 |4 |LFP |0 |Pozo Almonte {{coord|20.32|S|69.7|W|region:CI}} |
Hemera
|2026 |541 |90 |6 | |94 |
Llanos de Rungue - Halcón 9
| |367 |69 |4 | |280 |
Polpaico
|2026 |300 | | | | |Til Til |
Quinquimo
|2026 |200 |90 |2 |Lithium-ion |90 |Valparaíso{{coord|32.45|S|71.28|W|region:CI}} |
|2025
|100 | | | |31 | |
See also
{{Portal|Chile|Energy}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book |last=Stillings |first=Jamey | authorlink=Jamey Stillings |title=Atacama: renewable energy and mining in the high desert of Chile |last2=Missana |first2=Sergio | authorlink2=Sergio Missana |date=2023 |publisher=Steidl |isbn=9783958297081 |edition=First |location=Göttingen, Germany}}