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Southern Borderlands dialect

{{short description|Dialect of Polish language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Southern Borderlands dialect

|nativename=dialekt południowokresowy

|pronunciation=

|states=Ukraine

|region=

|speakers=

|familycolor=Indo-European

|fam2=Balto-Slavic

|fam3=Slavic

|fam4=West Slavic

|fam5=Lechitic

|fam6=Polish

|fam7=Lesser Polish{{Dubious|date=December 2022}}

|script=Latin (Polish alphabet)

|isoexception=dialect

|glotto=none

|lingua=

| map = Polszczyzna kresowa.png

| mapcaption = Map of borders of the Second Polish Republic until 1939, and modern state of Poland, including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect.

}}Southern Borderlands dialect{{efn|Polish: dialekt południowokresowy}} is a dialect of the Polish language, spoken by the Polish minority in Ukraine. It is considered a branch of the Lesser Poland dialect by Zofia Kurzowa.{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową | year =2007 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=978-83-242-0683-4 |language=pl}}{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich | year =2006 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=83-242-0738-4 |language=pl}}

Phonology

The main differences in pronunciation lie within the consonant system.

  1. Standard Polish {{IPA|/w/}}, spelled <ł>, is pronounced {{IPA|/ɫ/}}, and standard {{IPA|/l/}} is palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/lʲ/}}, like in the Northern Borderlands dialect.
  2. Standard Polish {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled , may be palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/xʲ/}}
  3. The Southern Borderlands dialect differentiates {{IPA|/ɦ/}} and {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled respectively in Polish as and
  4. The standard Polish palatal sibilants and affricates, {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, {{IPA|/ʑ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}, and {{IPA|/d͡ʑ/}} (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and respectively) are pronounced {{IPA|/sʲ/}}, {{IPA|/zʲ/}}, {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/dʲ/}}.

Some speakers speak with an accent according to the pronunciation of Ukrainian cognates.

The phoneme charts are as follows:

style="vertical-align: top;"

|

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

|+ Oral vowels

!

! Front

! Central

! Back

Close

| {{IPA link|i}}

| {{IPA link|ɨ}}

| {{IPA link|u}}

Mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɔ}}

Open

|

| {{IPA link|a}}

|

| valign="top" |

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

|+ Nasal vowels

!

! Front

! Back

Mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ̃}}

| {{IPA link|ɔ̃}}

|}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" | Labial

! rowspan="2" | Dental/
alveolar

! rowspan="2" | Post-
alveolar

! rowspan="2" | (Alveolo-)
palatal

! colspan="2" | Velar

! rowspan="2" | Glottal

{{small|plain}}

! {{small|palatalized}}

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n̪|n}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɲ}}

| {{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

|

rowspan="2" | Plosive

! {{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}, {{IPA link|tʲ}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|k}}

| {{IPAlink|k̟|kʲ}}

| rowspan="2" |

{{small|voiced}}

| {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|d̪|d}}, {{IPA link|dʲ}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|ɡ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɡ˖|ɡʲ}}

rowspan="2" | Affricate

! {{small|voiceless}}

|

| {{IPA link|t͡s}}

| {{IPA link|t͡ʂ}}

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" |

{{small|voiced}}

|

| {{IPA link|d͡z}}

| {{IPA link|d͡ʐ}}

|

|

|

rowspan="2" | Fricative

! {{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPA link|f}}

| {{IPA link|s̪|s}}, {{IPA link|sʲ}}

| {{IPA link|ʂ}}

|

| {{IPA link|x}}

| {{IPA link|x̟|xʲ}}

| {{IPA link|ɦ|ɦ}}

{{small|voiced}}

| {{IPA link|v}}

| {{IPA link|z̪|z}}, {{IPA link|zʲ}}

| {{IPA link|ʐ}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Tap/trill

|

| {{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" | Approximant

|

| {{IPA link|lʲ}}, {{IPA link|ɫ}}

|

| {{IPA link|j}}

|

|

|

Citations

= Notes =

{{notelist}}

= References =

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |url= http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623|title=Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny|last= Karaś|first= Halina |year=2010 |website=Dialekty i gwary polskie |language=pl |trans-title=Borderlands variants of Polish |isbn=978-83-62844-10-4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323192518/http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |url-status=live}}

{{Languages of Ukraine}}

{{Polish language}}

Category:Polish dialects

Category:Languages of Ukraine