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Southern Cordilleran languages

{{short description|Subgroup of the Austronesian language family}}

{{Infobox language family

|name=Southern Cordilleran

|altname=

|region=northern Luzon

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3=Philippine

|fam4=Northern Luzon

|fam5=Meso-Cordilleran

|glotto=sout2907

|glottorefname=Southern Cordilleran

}}

The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.{{cite journal |last=Reid |first=Lawrence A. |year=2006 |title=On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Philippine Journal of Linguistics |volume=37 |pages=1–64}}{{cite journal |last=Himes |first=Ronald S. |year=1998 |title=The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages |journal= Oceanic Linguistics|volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=120–177 |doi=10.2307/3623282 |jstor=3623282}} They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.

Internal classification

The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979). Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:

{{tree list}}

{{tree list/end}}

Reconstruction

{{Infobox proto-language

| name = Proto-Southern Cordilleran

| familycolor = Austronesian

| ancestor = Proto-Austronesian

| ancestor2 = Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

| ancestor3 = Proto-Philippine

| ancestor4 = Proto-Northern Luzon

| target = Southern Cordilleran languages

}}

Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).

= Phonology =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+caption | Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

| *i

| *ɨ

| *u

Open

|

| *a

|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+caption | Consonants

! colspan="2" |

!Bilabial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="2" |Stop

!voiceless

| *p

| *t

|

| *k

| *ʔ

voiced

| *b

| *d

|

| *g

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

| *s

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

| *m

| *n

|

| *ŋ

|

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

| *l

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

| *w

|

| *y

|

|

= Vocabulary =

The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998) and Zorc (1979){{cite book |last=Zorc |first=R. David |year=1979 |chapter=On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point |editor=Nguyễn Đ.L. |title=Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. |series=Pacific Linguistics, C-45 |pages=241–258 |doi=10.15144/PL-C45.241}}) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.

class="wikitable" title="Comparison table" style="text-align: center;"

|+caption | Comparison table

! colspan=8 | Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn)

Ilongot

! Pangasinan

! Ibaloi

! PSC

! PAn

! Meaning

{{Lang|ilk|ma:go}}{{Lang|pag|a:gɨw}}{{Lang|ibl|ʔágɨw}}{{Lang|mis|*ʔa:gɨw}}{{Lang|mis|*qaləjaw}}'day'
{{Lang|ilk|dɨ:nom}}{{Lang|pag|danúm}}{{Lang|ibl|čánom}}{{Lang|mis|*dánum}}{{Lang|mis|*daNum}}'water'
colspan=8 | Southern Cordilleran innovations
Ilongot

! Pangasinan

! Ibaloi

! PSC

! PAn

! Meaning

{{Lang|ilk|ʔa:gɨt}}{{Lang|pag|agát}}{{Lang|ibl|ʔagát}}{{Lang|mis|*ʔágat}}({{Lang|mis|*laqia}})'ginger'
{{Lang|ilk|bɨsik}}{{Lang|pag|batík}}{{Lang|ibl|bɨtík}}{{Lang|mis|*bɨtík}}({{Lang|mis|*laRiw}})'run'
{{Lang|ilk|tɨɣí}}{{Lang|pag|salí}}{{Lang|ibl|sɨdí}}{{Lang|mis|*sɨlí}}({{Lang|mis|*qaqay}})'foot'
{{Lang|ilk
to}}{{Lang|pag
tu}}{{Lang|ibl
to}}{{Lang|mis|*-tu}}({{Lang|mis|*nia}})'his/her'
{{Lang|ilk|kɨyó}}{{Lang|pag|kiyɨ́w}}{{Lang|ibl|kiyɨ́w}}{{Lang|mis|*kɨyɨ́w}}{{efn|{{Lang|mis|*kɨyɨ́w}} is an irregular reflex of PAn {{Lang|mis|*kaSiw}}}}({{Lang|mis|*kaSiw}})'tree'
{{Lang|ilk|tóʔo}}{{Lang|pag|tuʔú}}{{Lang|ibl|túʔu}}{{Lang|mis|*túʔu}}{{efn|{{Lang|mis|*túʔu}} is an irregular reflex of PAn {{Lang|mis|*Cau}}}}({{Lang|mis|*Cau}})'person'
colspan="8" style="max-width: 20em;" | {{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/southern-cordilleran "Southern Cordilleran"] at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.

{{Philippine languages}}

Category:Northern Luzon languages

Category:South–Central Cordilleran languages