Pangasinan language

The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family.{{cite web |editor=Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. |date=2005 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=Fifteenth |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pag}}{{cite web |author=Fox, James J. |url=http://rspas.anu.edu.au/people/personal/foxxj_rspas/Comparative_Austronesian_Studies.pdf |title=Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies |date=August 19–20, 2004}}

Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages, Malay in Malaysia (as Malaysian), Indonesia (as Indonesian), Brunei, and Singapore, Hawaiian in Hawaii, Māori in New Zealand, and Malagasy in Madagascar.{{cite web |author=Greenhill, S. J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2003–2008) |title=The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database. |url=http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian |access-date=2006-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710161506/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/ |archive-date=2015-07-10 |url-status=dead }} The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet, located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages.{{cite journal |author=Ronald S. Himes |year=1998 |title=The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=120–177 |doi=10.2307/3623282 |jstor=3623282}}

The other Pangasinic languages are:

• Ibaloi
• Karao
• Iwaak
• Kalanguya/Kallahan

Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf. The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinense. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. As of 2020, Pangasinan is ranked tenth on the leading languages generally spoken at home in the Philippines with only 334,759 households still speaking the language.{{Cite web |title=Tagalog is the Most Widely Spoken Language at Home (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/tagalog-most-widely-spoken-language-home-2020-census-population-and-housing |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=psa.gov.ph}} Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya, and has varying speakers in Metro Manila, Cagayan, Isabela, Bulacan, Bataan, Aurora, Quezon, Cavite, Laguna, Mindoro, Palawan and Mindanao especially in Soccsksargen, Davao Region, Caraga, Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental.

Austronesian speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of a wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago.

The word Pangasinan means 'land of salt' or 'place of salt-making'; it is derived from the root word {{Lang|pag|asin}}, the word for 'salt' in Pangasinan. Pangasinan could also refer to a 'container of salt or salted products'; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.

Written Pangasinan and oral literature in the language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano wrote and published in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote {{Lang|pag|Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas}} ({{Lang|es|Revolución Filipina}}), a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote {{Lang|pag|Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola}}, a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926)

Juan Villamil translated José Rizal's "Mi último adiós" in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited {{Lang|pag|Tunong}}, a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote {{Lang|pag|Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal}}, a biography of Rizal. Magsano published {{Lang|pag|Silew}}, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote {{Lang|pag|Samban Agnabenegan}}, a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published {{Lang|pag|Sinag}}, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.

Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in English, Filipino, and Ilocano. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Wikipedia was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication on the Internet.

Pangasinan has the following vowel phonemes:

In native vocabulary, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [i ~ ɪ ~ ɛ] and [u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]. The close variants [i]/[u] are only used in stressed open syllables, while the open-mid variants [ɛ]/[ɔ] occur in open and closed final syllables before a pause. The default variants [ɪ]/[ʊ] occur in all other environments.

Some speakers have /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ as distinct phonemes, but only in loanwords.

Pangasinan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit [{{IPA|ɾ}}]-[d] allophony, they only contrast before consonants and word-final positions; otherwise, they become allophones where [d] is only located in word-initial positions and after consonants & [{{IPA|ɾ}}] is only pronounced between vowels. Before consonants and word-final positions, [{{IPA|ɾ}}] is in free variation with trill [r]. In Spanish loanwords, [d] and [{{IPA|ɾ}}] contrast in all word positions.

All consonantal phonemes except {{IPA|/h, ʔ/}} may be a syllable onset or coda. The phoneme {{IPA|/h/}} rarely occurs in coda position. Although the Spanish word {{Lang|es|reloj}} 'clock' would have been heard as {{IPA|[re.loh]}}, the final {{IPA|/h/}} is dropped resulting in {{IPA|/re.lo/}}. However, this word also may have entered the Pangasinan lexicon at early enough a time that the word was still pronounced {{IPA|/re.loʒ/}}, with the j pronounced as in French, resulting in {{IPA|/re.los/}} in Pangasinan. As a result, both {{IPA|/re.lo/}} and {{IPA|/re.los/}} occur.

The glottal stop {{IPA|/ʔ/}} is not permissible as coda; it can only occur as onset. Even as an onset, the glottal stop disappears in affixation. Glottal stop {{IPA|/ʔ/}} sometimes occurs in coda in words ending in vowels, only before a pause.

{{expand section|date=September 2018}}

Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages, Pangasinan has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan is an agglutinative language.

Benton (1971){{cite book|title=Pangasinan reference grammar|last=Benton|first=Richard Anthony|year=1971|publisher=Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press|isbn=0870220721|url=https://archive.org/details/pangasinanrefere0000bent|url-access=registration|via=Internet Archive}} lists a number of affixes for nouns. Benton describes affixes in Pangasinan as either "nominal" (affixes attached directly to nouns) and "nominalizing" (affixes which turn other parts of speech into nouns). Benton also describes "non-productive affixes", affixes which are not normally applied to nouns, and only found as part of other pre-existing words. Many of these non-productive affixes are found within words derived from Spanish.

Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan digraph ng:

The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system called Kuritan. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India.

The Latin script was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived.

Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are {{Lang|pag|lugar}} ('place'), {{Lang|pag|podir}} (from poder, 'power, care'), {{Lang|pag|kontra}} (from {{Lang|es|contra}}, 'against'), {{Lang|pag|birdi}} ({{Lang|es|verde}}, 'green'), {{Lang|pag|ispiritu}} ({{Lang|es|espíritu}}, 'spirit'), and {{Lang|pag|santo}} ('holy, saint'). Other loanowords came from English and Ilocano, as the latter is spoken as a second language.

Malinac ya Labi (original by Julian Velasco).

{{Poem quote|text={{Lang|pag|Malinac ya Labi

Oras ya mareen

Mapalpalnay dagem

Katekep to’y linaew

Samit day kogip ko

Binangonan kon tampol

Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen}}

{{Lang|pag|Lalo la no bilay

No sikalay nanengneng

Napunas ya ami'y

Ermen ya akbibiten

No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim

Agtaka nalingwanan

Anggad kaayos na bilay}}}}

Modern Pangasinan with English translation

{{Verse translation|Malinak lay Labi

Oras la’y mareen

Mapalpalna’y dagem

Katekep to’y linaew

Samit da’y kugip ko

Binangonan kon tampol

Lapu’d say limgas mo

Sikan sika’y amamayoen

Lalo la bilay

No sika la’y nanengne'ng

Napunas lan amin

So ermen ya akbibiten

No nanonotan

Ko la'y samit day ugalim

Ag ta ka nalingwanan

Angga’d kauyos na bilay|A night of calm

An hour of peace

A gentle breeze

Along with it is the dew

So sweet is my dream

Suddenly I awake

Because of your beauty

You are the only one I will love

Best of all, my life

When it's you that I see

All are wiped away

The sorrows that I bear

When I remember

Of your sweet kindness

I will not forget you

Until life is gone|lang=pag}}

{{col-begin}}

{{col-3}}

1. I – {{Lang|pag|siak}}, {{Lang|pag|ak}}
2. you (singular) – {{Lang|pag|sika}}, {{Lang|pag|ka}}
3. he – {{Lang|pag|sikato}} (he/she), {{Lang|pag|kato}}
4. we – {{Lang|pag|sikami}}, {{Lang|pag|kami}}, {{Lang|pag|mi}}, {{Lang|pag|sikatayo}}, {{Lang|pag|tayo}}, {{Lang|pag|sikata}}, {{Lang|pag|ta}}
5. you (plural) – {{Lang|pag|sikayo}}, {{Lang|pag|kayo}}, {{Lang|pag|yo}}
6. they – {{Lang|pag|sikara}} ({{Lang|pag|sika ira}})
7. this – {{Lang|pag|aya}}
8. that – {{Lang|pag|atan}}, {{Lang|pag|aman}}
9. here – {{Lang|pag|dia}}
10. there – {{Lang|pag|diman}}, {{Lang|pag|ditan}}
11. who – {{Lang|pag|siopa}}, {{Lang|pag|sio}}, {{Lang|pag|si}}
12. what – {{Lang|pag|anto}}
13. where – {{Lang|pag|iner}}
14. when – {{Lang|pag|kapigan}}, {{Lang|pag|pigan}}
15. how – {{Lang|pag|pano}}, {{Lang|pag|panonto}}
16. not – {{Lang|pag|ag}}, {{Lang|pag|andi}}, {{Lang|pag|aleg}}, {{Lang|pag|aliwa}}
17. all – {{Lang|pag|amin}}
18. many – {{Lang|pag|amayamay}}, {{Lang|pag|dakel}}
19. some – {{Lang|pag|pigara}} ({{Lang|pag|piga ira}})
20. few – {{Lang|pag|daiset}}
21. other – {{Lang|pag|arom}}
22. one – {{Lang|pag|isa}}, {{Lang|pag|sakey}}
23. two – {{Lang|pag|dua}}, {{Lang|pag|duara}} ({{Lang|pag|dua ira}})
24. three – {{Lang|pag|talo}}, {{Lang|pag|talora}} ({{Lang|pag|talo ira}})
25. four – {{Lang|pag|apat}}, {{Lang|pag|apatira}} ({{Lang|pag|apat ira}})
26. five – {{Lang|pag|lima}}, {{Lang|pag|limara}} ({{Lang|pag|lima ira}})
27. big – {{Lang|pag|baleg}}
28. long – {{Lang|pag|andokey}}
29. wide – {{Lang|pag|maawang}}, {{Lang|pag|malapar}}
30. thick – {{Lang|pag|makapal}}
31. heavy – {{Lang|pag|ambelat}}
32. small – {{Lang|pag|melag}}, {{Lang|pag|melanting}}, {{Lang|pag|tingot}}, {{Lang|pag|daiset}}
33. short – {{Lang|pag|melag}}, {{Lang|pag|melanting}}, {{Lang|pag|tingot}}, {{Lang|pag|antikey}}, {{Lang|pag|kulang}}, {{Lang|pag|abeba}}
34. narrow – {{Lang|pag|mainget}}
35. thin – {{Lang|pag|mabeng}}, {{Lang|pag|maimpis}}
36. woman – {{Lang|pag|bii}}
37. man – {{Lang|pag|laki}}, {{Lang|pag|bolog}}
38. human – {{Lang|pag|too}}
39. child – {{Lang|pag|ogaw}}
40. wife – {{Lang|pag|asawa}}, {{Lang|pag|kaamong}} (spouse)
41. husband – {{Lang|pag|asawa}}, {{Lang|pag|kaamong}} (spouse)
42. mother – {{Lang|pag|ina}}
43. father – {{Lang|pag|ama}}
44. animal – {{Lang|pag|ayep}}
45. fish – {{Lang|pag|sira}}, {{Lang|pag|ikan}}
46. bird – {{Lang|pag|manok}}, {{Lang|pag|siwsiw}} (chick)
47. dog – {{Lang|pag|aso}}
48. louse – {{Lang|pag|koto}}
49. snake – {{Lang|pag|oleg}}
50. worm – {{Lang|pag|bigis}} (germ), {{Lang|pag|alumbayar}} (earthworm)
51. tree – {{Lang|pag|kiew}}, {{Lang|pag|tanem}} (plant)
52. forest – {{Lang|pag|kakiewan}}, {{Lang|pag|katakelan}}
53. stick – {{Lang|pag|bislak}}, {{Lang|pag|sanga}}
54. fruit – {{Lang|pag|bunga}}
55. seed – {{Lang|pag|bokel}}
56. leaf – {{Lang|pag|bolong}}
57. root – {{Lang|pag|lamot}}
58. bark – {{Lang|pag|obak}}
59. flower – {{Lang|pag|bulaklak}}, {{Lang|pag|rosas}}
60. grass – {{Lang|pag|dika}}
61. rope – {{Lang|pag|singer}}, {{Lang|pag|lubir}}, {{Lang|pag|taker}}
62. skin – {{Lang|pag|baog}}, {{Lang|pag|katat}}
63. meat – {{Lang|pag|laman}}
64. blood – {{Lang|pag|dala}}
65. bone – {{Lang|pag|pukel}}
66. fat (n.) – {{Lang|pag|mataba}}, {{Lang|pag|taba}}
67. egg – {{Lang|pag|iknol}}
68. horn – {{Lang|pag|saklor}}
69. tail – {{Lang|pag|ikol}}
70. place – {{Lang|pag|kulaan}}
71. go – {{Lang|pag|laen}}
72. nothing – {{Lang|pag|anggapo}}

{{col-3}}

1. feather – {{Lang|pag|bago}}
2. hair – {{Lang|pag|buek}}
3. head – {{Lang|pag|olo}}
4. ear – {{Lang|pag|layag}}
5. eye – {{Lang|pag|mata}}
6. nose – {{Lang|pag|eleng}}
7. mouth – {{Lang|pag|sangi}}
8. tooth – {{Lang|pag|ngipen}}
9. tongue – {{Lang|pag|dila}}
10. fingernail – {{Lang|pag|koko}}
11. foot – {{Lang|pag|sali}}
12. leg – {{Lang|pag|bikking}}
13. knee – {{Lang|pag|pueg}}
14. hand – {{Lang|pag|lima}}
15. wing – {{Lang|pag|payak}}
16. belly – {{Lang|pag|eges}}
17. guts – {{Lang|pag|pait}}
18. neck – {{Lang|pag|beklew}}
19. back – {{Lang|pag|beneg}}
20. breast – {{Lang|pag|pagew}}, {{Lang|pag|suso}}
21. heart – {{Lang|pag|puso}}
22. liver – {{Lang|pag|altey}}
23. drink – {{Lang|pag|inom}}
24. eat – {{Lang|pag|mangan}}, {{Lang|pag|akan}}, {{Lang|pag|kamot}}
25. bite – {{Lang|pag|ketket}}
26. suck – {{Lang|pag|sepsep}}, {{Lang|pag|suso}}
27. spit – {{Lang|pag|lutda}}
28. vomit – {{Lang|pag|uta}}
29. blow – {{Lang|pag|sibok}}
30. breathe – {{Lang|pag|engas}}, {{Lang|pag|ingas}}, {{Lang|pag|dongap}}, {{Lang|pag|linawa}}, {{Lang|pag|anges}}
31. laugh – {{Lang|pag|elek}}
32. see – {{Lang|pag|nengneng}}
33. hear – {{Lang|pag|dengel}}
34. know – {{Lang|pag|amta}}, {{Lang|pag|kabat}}
35. think – {{Lang|pag|nonot}}
36. smell – {{Lang|pag|angob}}
37. fear – {{Lang|pag|takot}}
38. sleep – {{Lang|pag|ogip}}
39. live – {{Lang|pag|bilay}}
40. die – {{Lang|pag|onpatey}}, {{Lang|pag|patey}}
41. kill – {{Lang|pag|manpatey}}, {{Lang|pag|patey}}
42. fight – {{Lang|pag|laban}}, {{Lang|pag|kolkol}}, {{Lang|pag|bakal}}
43. hunt – {{Lang|pag|managnop}}, {{Lang|pag|anop}}, {{Lang|pag|manpana}}, {{Lang|pag|manerel}} (catch)
44. hit – {{Lang|pag|tira}}, {{Lang|pag|nakna}}, {{Lang|pag|pekpek}}
45. cut – {{Lang|pag|tegteg}}, {{Lang|pag|sugat}}
46. split – {{Lang|pag|pisag}}, {{Lang|pag|puter}}, {{Lang|pag|paldua}} (half)
47. stab – {{Lang|pag|saksak}}, {{Lang|pag|doyok}}
48. scratch – {{Lang|pag|gugo}}, {{Lang|pag|gorgor}}, {{Lang|pag|korkor}}
49. dig – {{Lang|pag|kotkot}}
50. swim – {{Lang|pag|langoy}}
51. fly (v.) – {{Lang|pag|tikyab}}
52. walk – {{Lang|pag|akar}}
53. come – {{Lang|pag|gala}}, {{Lang|pag|gali}}, {{Lang|pag|onsabi}}, {{Lang|pag|sabi}}
54. lie – {{Lang|pag|dokol}} (lie down), {{Lang|pag|tila}} (tell a lie)
55. sit – {{Lang|pag|yorong}} ({{Lang|pag|i-orong}})
56. stand – {{Lang|pag|alagey}}
57. turn – {{Lang|pag|liko}}, {{Lang|pag|telek}}
58. fall – {{Lang|pag|pelag}} (drop), {{Lang|pag|tumba}}
59. give – {{Lang|pag|iter}}, {{Lang|pag|itdan}} ({{Lang|pag|iteran}})
60. hold – {{Lang|pag|benben}}
61. squeeze – {{Lang|pag|pespes}}
62. rub – {{Lang|pag|kuskos}}, {{Lang|pag|gorgor}}, {{Lang|pag|poyok}}
63. wash – {{Lang|pag|oras}}
64. wipe – {{Lang|pag|ponas}}
65. pull – {{Lang|pag|goyor}}
66. push – {{Lang|pag|tolak}}
67. throw – {{Lang|pag|topak}}
68. tie – {{Lang|pag|singer}}
69. sew – {{Lang|pag|dait}}

{{col-3}}

1. count – {{Lang|pag|bilang}}
2. say – {{Lang|pag|ibaga}}, {{Lang|pag|ibagam}}
3. sing – {{Lang|pag|togtog}}, {{Lang|pag|kansiyon}}
4. play – {{Lang|pag|galaw}}
5. float – {{Lang|pag|letaw}}
6. flow – {{Lang|pag|agos}}
7. freeze – {{Lang|pag|kigtel}}
8. swell – {{Lang|pag|larag}}
9. sun – {{Lang|pag|agew}}, {{Lang|pag|banua}}
10. moon – {{Lang|pag|bulan}}
11. star – {{Lang|pag|bitewen}}
12. water – {{Lang|pag|danum}}
13. rain – {{Lang|pag|uran}}
14. river – {{Lang|pag|ilog}}, {{Lang|pag|kalayan}}, {{Lang|pag|patalan}}, {{Lang|pag|angalakan}}
15. lake – {{Lang|pag|look}}
16. sea – {{Lang|pag|dayat}}, {{Lang|pag|laot}}
17. salt – {{Lang|pag|asin}}
18. stone – {{Lang|pag|bato}}
19. sand – {{Lang|pag|buer}}
20. dust – {{Lang|pag|dabok}}
21. earth – {{Lang|pag|dalin}}
22. cloud – {{Lang|pag|lorem}}
23. fog – {{Lang|pag|kelpa}}
24. sky – {{Lang|pag|tawen}}
25. wind – {{Lang|pag|dagem}}
26. snow – {{Lang|pag|linew}}
27. ice – {{Lang|pag|pakigtel}}
28. smoke – {{Lang|pag|asewek}}
29. fire – {{Lang|pag|apoy}}, {{Lang|pag|pool}} (blaze), {{Lang|pag|dalang}} (flame)
30. ashes – {{Lang|pag|dapol}}
31. burn – {{Lang|pag|pool}}, {{Lang|pag|sinit}}
32. road – {{Lang|pag|dalan}}, {{Lang|pag|basbas}} (path)
33. mountain – {{Lang|pag|palandey}}
34. red – {{Lang|pag|ambalanga}}, {{Lang|pag|pula}}
35. green – {{Lang|pag|ampasiseng}}, {{Lang|pag|pasiseng}}, birdi
36. yellow – {{Lang|pag|duyaw}}
37. white – {{Lang|pag|amputi}}, {{Lang|pag|puti}}
38. black – {{Lang|pag|andeket}}, {{Lang|pag|deket}}
39. night – {{Lang|pag|labi}}
40. day – {{Lang|pag|agew}}
41. year – {{Lang|pag|taon}}
42. hot – {{Lang|pag|ampetang}}, {{Lang|pag|petang}}
43. cold – {{Lang|pag|ambetel}}, {{Lang|pag|betel}}
44. full – {{Lang|pag|napsel}} ({{Lang|pag|napesel}}), {{Lang|pag|napno}} ({{Lang|pag|napano}})
45. new – {{Lang|pag|balo}}
46. old – {{Lang|pag|daan}}
47. good – {{Lang|pag|duga}}, {{Lang|pag|maong}}, {{Lang|pag|abig}}
48. bad – {{Lang|pag|aliwa}}, {{Lang|pag|maoges}}
49. rotten – {{Lang|pag|abolok}}, {{Lang|pag|bolok}}
50. dirty – {{Lang|pag|maringot}}, {{Lang|pag|dingot}}, {{Lang|pag|marutak}}, {{Lang|pag|dutak}}
51. straight – {{Lang|pag|maptek}}, {{Lang|pag|petek}}
52. round – {{Lang|pag|malimpek}}, {{Lang|pag|limpek}}, {{Lang|pag|tibokel}}
53. sharp – {{Lang|pag|matdem}} ({{Lang|pag|matarem}}), {{Lang|pag|tarem}}
54. dull – {{Lang|pag|mangmang}}, {{Lang|pag|epel}}
55. smooth – {{Lang|pag|palanas}}, {{Lang|pag|patad}}, {{Lang|pag|patar}}
56. wet – {{Lang|pag|ambasa}}, {{Lang|pag|basa}}
57. dry – {{Lang|pag|amaga}}, {{Lang|pag|maga}}
58. correct – {{Lang|pag|duga}}, {{Lang|pag|tua}} (true)
59. near – {{Lang|pag|asinger}}
60. far – {{Lang|pag|arawi}}
61. right – {{Lang|pag|kawanan}}
62. left – {{Lang|pag|kawigi}}
63. at – {{Lang|pag|ed}}
64. in – {{Lang|pag|ed}}
65. with – {{Lang|pag|iba}}
66. and – {{Lang|pag|tan}}
67. if – {{Lang|pag|no}}
68. because – {{Lang|pag|ta}}, {{Lang|pag|lapu ed}}
69. name – {{Lang|pag|ngaran}}
70. smile – {{Lang|pag|imis}}, {{Lang|pag|ngiriyet}}
71. lolo – {{Lang|pag|laki}}
72. lola – {{Lang|pag|bai}}
73. beautiful – {{Lang|pag|magana}}, {{Lang|pag|masanting}}, {{Lang|pag|marakep}}
74. true – {{Lang|pag|tua}}, {{Lang|pag|tod-tua}}
75. wrong – {{Lang|pag|aliwa}}
76. odor – {{Lang|pag|ambanget}}
77. delicious – {{Lang|pag|masamit}}, {{Lang|pag|mananam}}
78. I love you – {{Lang|pag|inaro taka}}, {{Lang|pag|inar-aro taka}}

{{col-end}}

1. Good day! - Maabig ya agew!
2. Good morning! - Maabig a kabuasan!
3. Good afternoon! - Maabig a ngarem!
4. Good evening! - Maabig a labi!

List of numbers from one to ten in English, Tagalog and Pangasinan

Cardinal numbers:

Ordinal numbers:

Ordinal numbers are formed with the prefix kuma- (ka- plus infix -um). Example: {{Lang|pag|kumadua}}, 'second'.

Associative numbers:

Associative numbers are formed with the prefix ka-. Example: {{Lang|pag|katlo}}, 'third of a group of three'.

Fractions:

Fraction numbers are formed with the prefix ka- and an associative number. Example: {{Lang|pag|kakatlo}}, 'third part'.

Multiplicatives:

Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with the prefix pi- and a cardinal number from two to four or pin- for other numbers except for number one. Example: {{Lang|pag|kaisa}}, 'first time'; {{Lang|pag|pidua}}, 'second time'; {{Lang|pag|pinlima}}, 'fifth time'.

Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with the prefix man- (mami- or mamin- for present or future tense, and ami- or amin- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: {{Lang|pag|aminsan}}, 'once'; {{Lang|pag|amidua}}, 'twice'; {{Lang|pag|mamitlo}}, 'thrice'.

Distributives:

Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with the prefixes san-, tag-, or {{Lang|pag|tunggal}} and a cardinal number. Example: {{Lang|pag|sansakey}}, 'one each'; {{Lang|pag|sanderua}}, 'two each'.

Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with the prefixes magsi-, {{Lang|pag|tunggal}}, or {{Lang|pag|balangsakey}} and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: {{Lang|pag|tunggal pamidua}}, 'twice each'; {{Lang|pag|magsi-pamidua}}, 'each twice'.

The following is a list of some dictionaries and references:

• {{cite book |last1=Fernández Cosgaya |first1=Lorenzo |title=Diccionario pangasinan-español and Vocabulario Hispano-pangasinán |date=1865 |publisher=Colegio de Santo Tomás |via=University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative |url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/aql8785.0001.001}}
• {{Cite book |last=Macaraeg |first=Anastacio Austria |title=Vocabulario castellano-pangasinán |year=1898}}
• {{Cite book |last=Pellicer |first=Mariano |title=Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan |year=1904}}
• {{cite book |last1=Rayner |first1=Ernest Adolphus |title=Grammar and dictionary of the Pangasinan language / Gramatica tan diccionario na salitay Pangasinan |date=1923 |publisher=Methodist Publishing House |location=Manila, Philippines |url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ADL9486.0001.001}}
• {{Cite book |last=Viray |first=Felixberto B. |title=The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language |publisher=University of the Philippines |year=1927 |location=Manila}}
• {{Cite book |last=Corporación de PP. Dominicos |title=Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo |publisher=U.S.T. Press |year=1951}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Schachter |first=Paul Morris |title=A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan |date=1960 |publisher=University of California |place=Los Angeles |oclc=500620511}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Versoza |first=Paciencia E. |title=Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English |date=1977 |degree=Philippine Normal College |oclc=4736102}}
• {{Cite book |last=Benton |first=Richard A. |title=Pangasinan Dictionary |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1971 |location=Honolulu |oclc=1123520882}}
• {{cite book |last=Benton |first=Richard A. |year=1971 |title=Pangasinan Reference Grammar |location=Honolulu |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824879105}}
• {{Cite book |last=Benton |first=Richard A. |title=Spoken Pangasinan |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1971 |isbn=9780870220739 |location=Honolulu}}
• {{Cite book |last=Benton |first=Richard A. |title=Phonotactics of Pangasinan |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=1972 |location=Honolulu |oclc=16326646}}
• {{Cite book |last=Constantino |first=Ernesto |title=English-Pangasinan Dictionary |year=1975}}
• {{Cite book |last=Silverio |first=Julio F. |title=New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary |publisher=National Book Store |year=1976 |location=Manila |oclc=3371251}}
• {{Cite book |last=Garcia |first=Alta Grace Q. |title=Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs |publisher=Rex Book Store |year=1981 |location=Manila |oclc=989412334}}
• {{Cite book |title=Say Santa Biblia |publisher=Philippine Bible Society |year=1982 |isbn=9789712900228 |location=Manila |language=pag}}
• {{Cite book |last= |title=Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo |publisher=Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies |year=1983 |language=pag |oclc=54302118}}
• {{Cite book |last=Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania |title=Balon Mundo a Patalos na Masanton Kasulatan |publisher=Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania |year=2015}}
• {{Cite book |last=Tungol |first=Mario "Guese" |title=Modern English-Filipino Pangasinan Dictionary |publisher=Merriam Webster |year=1993 |location=Manila |oclc=70045401}}
• {{Cite book |last=Church of Christ |title=Say Cancanta |year=n.d.}} Includes translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus."
• {{Cite book |last=Jovellanos |first=Emiliano |title=Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Dictionary |year=2002}} The compilation has 20,000 entries.
• {{Cite book |last=Jovellanos |first=Mel V. |title=Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Language Dictionary |date=March 2007 |publisher=Corpuz Press |location=Calasiao |language=pag}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Rosario |first=F. C. Jr.|date=2012 |title=The Vowel Space of Pangasinan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350922730 |journal=Frontiers of Language and Teaching |volume=3}}
• {{Cite AV media |title=Malinak Lay Labi |language=pag |trans-title=Calm is the Night}} Traditional folk song.

{{Portal|Philippines|Language}}

• Languages of the Philippines
• Malayo-Polynesian
• Pangasinan
• Tarlac
• La Union
• Pangasinan literature

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{{InterWiki|code=pag}}

{{Wikivoyage|Pangasinan phrasebook|Pangasinan|a phrasebook}}

• [https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/12/15/reviving-a-dying-language/ Pangasinan as a dying language]
• [http://bansa.org/dictionaries/pag/ Bansa Pangasinan-English Dictionary]
• [http://pag.wiktionary.org Pangasinan Wiktionary]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170503020518/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/ Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database]
• [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch]
• [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426013017/http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com/ Pangasinan Star]
• [http://www.dalityapi.com/ Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017200326/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/03/yehey/top_stories/20070903top6.html Globalization killing Pangasinan language]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090704210246/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/features/features/view_article.php?article_id=70216 Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)]
• [http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/sept/02/yehey/top_stories/20070902top1.html Dying languages]
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=dbFAiatnnjEC Pangasinan-Spanish Dictionary], by Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgata, published in 1865.

{{Northern Luzon languages}}

{{Philippine languages}}

{{Languages of the Philippines}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pangasinan Language}}

Category:South–Central Cordilleran languages

Category:Verb–subject–object languages

Category:Agglutinative languages