Southern Patagonian Ice Field

File:Southern Patagonia Ice Field from ISS.jpg, astronaut photo. North is to the right.]]

The Southern Patagonian Ice Field extends from parallels 48° 15′ S to 51° 30′ S for approximately {{convert|350|km}}, and has an approximate area of {{convert|16,480|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|14200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} belong to Chile and {{convert|2600|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} belong to Argentina.{{efn|The area includes regions included in the official cartography of Argentina, which is still pending demarcation, see the section on the dispute.{{refn|{{cite web|url=https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=140087|title=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | Ley Chile|access-date=2021-08-28|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827235730/https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=140087|url-status=live}}}}}}

The ice mass feeds dozens of glaciers in the area, among which are the Upsala ({{convert|765|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Viedma ({{convert|978|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and Perito Moreno ({{convert|258|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the Los Glaciares National Park in Argentina, and the Pío XI Glacier or Bruggen Glacier ({{convert|1265|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}, the largest in area and longest in the southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica), O'Higgins ({{convert|820|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Grey ({{convert|270|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and Tyndall ({{convert|331|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in Chile. The glaciers going to the west flow into the fjords of the Patagonian channels of the Pacific Ocean; those going to the East flow into the Patagonian lakes Viedma and Argentino, and eventually, through the rivers de la Leona and Santa Cruz, to the Atlantic Ocean.

An important part of the ice field is protected under different national parks, such as the Bernardo O'Higgins and Torres del Paine in Chile, and the aforementioned Los Glaciares in Argentina.

There are two known volcanoes under the ice field: Lautaro and Viedma. Due to their inaccessibility they are among the least researched volcanoes in Chile and Argentina.

In 1980, Chile planned Route 8 as a section of the Carretera Austral west of the ice field, which has not been built.{{cite web |title=Ruta 8 Campo de Hielo Sur |url=https://eldivisadero.cl/_noticia/Ruta-8-Campo-de-Hielo-Sur/NDA5OTU= |publisher=El Divisadero |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=28 July 2023 |language=es}}

Circo de los Altares is an important hiking place.

Thorough explorations include the expeditions of Federico Reichert (1913–1914), Alberto de Agostini (1931), and Harold William Tilman and Jorge Quinteros (1955–1956), as well as Eric Shipton (1960–61). The first (North-South) crossing of the field was accomplished in 1998 by Pablo Besser, Mauricio Rojas, José Montt, and Rodrigo Fica. Nevertheless, some areas of the field remain largely unexplored.

From the air, initial exploration was conducted in 1928–29 by Gunther Plüschow after whom a glacier is named. From April 1944 to April 1945, the United States Army Air Forces conducted an aerial survey using the Trimetrogon method at the request of the Chilean government.{{cite report |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1386i/report.pdf |title=Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World {{!}} South America {{!}} United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-I |last=Lliboutry |first=Louis |author-link=Louis Lliboutry |editor-last1=Williams |editor-first1=Richard S. Jr. |editor-last2=Ferrigno |editor-first2=Jane G. |publisher=United States Geological Survey |page=I120 |year=1998 |access-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819081403/https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1386i/report.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-19 |url-status=live}}

{{Main article|Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute}}

File:Southern Patagonian Ice Field border.svg

File:Mapa argentino de 1912 mostrando los hitos del límite histórico acordados por los peritos de Argentina y Chile en el Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur.jpg

The boundary between Argentina and Chile in the area was established by the 1881 treaty and delimited in 1898 by the experts of both countries working in the demarcation of the border, and which differences led to the 1902 award, in which they agreed they did not have differences on the part of the border between Fitz Roy and Stokes. The award is established "to perpetuity" by both countries under British tutelage. The map published by the British Crown, as part of the documentation of the 1902 award, illustrates a clear demarcation line (from the Fitz Roy to the Stokes) to the east of the Southern Patagonian Ice Fields, leaving most of the territory in question in the Chilean side.Santis, 1995:3–7

The 1902 award considered that in that area the high peaks are water dividing and therefore there was no dispute. Both experts, Francisco Pascasio Moreno from Argentina and Diego Barros Arana from Chile, agreed on the border between Mount Fitz Roy and Stokes{{cite web |author1=Cedomir Marangunic Damianovic |title=Frontera Chile-Argentina: atención urgente al Campo de Hielo |url=https://www.ciperchile.cl/2024/07/12/frontera-chile-argentina-atencion-urgente-al-campo-de-hielo/ |publisher=Ciper Chile |access-date=22 March 2025 |language=es |date=12 July 2024}} (nowadays Cervantes).{{Cite web |date=26 April 2021 |title=El Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur ¿es mejor un mal arreglo que un buen juicio |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/2964636/campo-hielo-patagonico-sur-mejor-mal-arreglo-buen-juicio |access-date=8 September 2022 |publisher=Info Defensa |author1=Juan Ipinza}} Since 1898, the demarcation of the border in the ice field, between the two mountains, was defined on the next mountains and their natural continuity: Fitz Roy, Torre, Huemul, Campana, Agassiz, Heim, Mayo, and Stokes.{{cite book |author1=Francisco Pascasio Moreno |title=Frontera Argentino-Chilena - Volumen II |date=1902 |pages=905–911 |language=es}}{{cite book |title=Arbitraje de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina - Esposicion Chilena - Tomo IV |date=1902 |location=Paris |pages=1469–1484 |language=es}}{{cite book |author1=Diego Barros Arana |title=La Cuestion de Limites entre Chile i la Republica Arjentina |date=1898 |location=Santiago de Chile |language=es}} In 1914, the Mariano Moreno range was visited by an expedition; however, Francisco Pascasio Moreno already knew of its existence.{{cite journal |author1=P. Moreno, Francisco|title=Explorations in Patagonia|journal=The Geographical Journal |date=1899 |volume=14 |issue=3 |publisher=Royal Geographical Society|page=262|doi=10.2307/1774365 |jstor=1774365 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774365|ref=No. 3 (Sep., 1899), pp. 241-269|quote=I have seen it descending from the west as an immense ice field, from the crest of the central chain, 3000 meters high, which the ice covers to its western slope in the Eyre Strait. To the south and north of it, other narrower glaciers can be seen at the extremity of the fjord-like bays.}} Argentina started to question the border, arguing that the border should be in the Mariano Moreno range.

In 1994, the Laguna del Desierto dispute was solved which involved territory of the Ice Field; an international tribunal awarded almost the whole zone to Argentina.{{cite web |title=The Laguna del Desierto case |url=https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-boundary-dispute-between-argentina-and-chile-concerning-the-frontier-line-between-boundary-post-62-and-mount-fitzroy-decision-friday-21st-october-1994 |publisher=Jusmundi |access-date=2 February 2023}}{{cite web |title=Boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile concerning the frontier line between boundary post 62 and Mount Fitzroy |url=https://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXII/3-149.pdf |publisher=Legal UN |access-date=2 February 2023 |date=21 October 1994}} After a refused appeal in 1995, Chile accepted the award. Since then, Chile has had a small corridor to access Mount Fitz Roy, and the Marconi Pass was defined as an international border crossing point.

The Southern Patagonian Ice Field section of the border is the last remaining land border issue between Chile and Argentina. On August 1, 1991, the governments of Chile and Argentina agreed on a borderline, but the agreement was never ratified by the Argentine legislature. Later, in 1998, both governments agreed to redraw the borderline between Mount Fitz Roy and Daudet.{{cite web | url = https://www.difrol.cl/download/acuerdo-para-precisar-el-recorrido-del-limite-desde-el-monte-fitz-roy-hasta-el-cerro-daudet-1998/ |date=1998 | title = Border agreement between Chile and Argentina | access-date = 2006-10-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080512113755/http://www.difrol.cl/acuerdo_de_hielos.htm | archive-date = 2008-05-12 | url-status = dead }}{{cite web | url=http://www.turismovirtual.cl/xii/xii.html | title=Map showing border between Chile and Argentina (partly undefined) | access-date=2016-06-26 | archive-date=2019-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002234247/http://www.turismovirtual.cl/xii/xii.html | url-status=live }}

Section A of the agreement (between Cerro Murallón and Daudet) and a small part of B (from Fitz Roy to a point defined to the west) was drawn; however, they also agreed that section B (from Fitz Roy to Murallón) would wait until completion of a detailed 1:50,000 scale map of the area with further negotiations. To date, this one section remains the final non-concluded boundary section and has been an irritant in Argentina-Chile relations.

{{Main article|Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute#Boundary area of pending demarcation}}

In February 2006, Ricardo Lagos{{cite news |title=Lagos comenzó gira que lo hará recorrer todas las comunas del país |url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/lagos-comenzo-gira-que-lo-hara-recorrer-todas-las-comunas-del-pais/2006-02-01/120745.html |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=Cooperativa |date=February 1, 2006 |language=es }} appeared in a photo with the head of the Air Force, General Osvaldo Sarabia, in the undemarcated area; this caused controversy with Argentina.{{cite news |title=Revelan fallidas tratativas del gobierno de Bachelet por Campos de Hielo |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/revelan-fallidas-tratativas-del-gobierno-de-bachelet-por-campos-de-hielo/ |publisher=La Tercera |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815125113/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/revelan-fallidas-tratativas-del-gobierno-de-bachelet-por-campos-de-hielo/ |archive-date=2020-08-15 |language=es}}

In 2006, the Argentine Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM) (today Instituto Geográfico Nacional) edited a map without a note about the undefined border but showed the Argentine claims as the official borderline. After Chilean diplomatic protests, the Argentine government withdrew the map and urged Chile to expedite the demarcation of the international border according to the 1998 agreement.{{cite news |title=Subsecretario argentino de turismo dice que mapa de Campos de Hielo es oficial |url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/2006/08/29/229660/subsecretario-argentino-de-turismo-dice-que-mapa-de-campos-de-hielo-es-oficial.html |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=Emol |date=August 29, 2006}}{{cite news |title="Puede tratarse de un error" |url=https://www.australtemuco.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20060825/pags/20060825075748.html |access-date=5 February 2023 |date=August 25, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811200719/https://www.australtemuco.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20060825/pags/20060825075748.html |archive-date=2020-08-11|language=es |publisher=Austral Temuco}} On August 24, 2006, the Argentine Undersecretary of Tourism stated that the maps used by the Secretariat of Tourism's website were official because they were approved by the National Geographic Institute of Argentina.{{cite news |title=Argentina aseguró que su mapa de Campos de Hielo Sur es oficial |url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/relaciones-exteriores/argentina/argentina-aseguro-que-su-mapa-de-campos-de-hielo-sur-es-oficial/2006-08-29/210009.html |access-date=2 February 2023 |publisher=Cooperativa |date=August 29, 2006}}{{cite news |title=Hielos Continentales: reclamo de Chile por los mapas argentinos |url=https://www.clarin.com/ediciones-anteriores/hielos-continentales-reclamo-chile-mapas-argentinos_0_HkqxA3Qy0Ke.html |publisher=Clarín |date=August 29, 2006}}{{cite news |title=Tras la fricción por los Hielos Continentales, la Argentina llama a Chile a demarcar los límites "lo antes posible" |url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2006/08/30/um/m-01262333.htm |publisher=El Clarín |date=August 30, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714074908/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2006/08/30/um/m-01262333.htm |archive-date=2013-07-14}}{{cite news |title=SECRETARÍA DE TURISMO ARGENTINA AVALA MAPA CON ERROR EN CAMPOS DE HIELO |url=http://www.lanacion.cl/noticias/site/artic/20060829/pags/20060829155100.html |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=La Nación |date=August 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427133630/http://www.lanacion.cl/noticias/site/artic/20060829/pags/20060829155100.html |archive-date=2016-04-27}}

In 2006, president of Chile Michelle Bachelet and president of Argentina Néstor Kirchner held a meeting over the cartographic controversy.{{cite news |title=Legisladores ven con buenos ojos encuentro entre Bachelet y Kirchner |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2006/09/12/legisladores-ven-con-buenos-ojos-encuentro-entre-bachelet-y-kirchner/ |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=El Mostrador |date=September 12, 2006 |language=es}} Kirchner served as the governor of the Santa Cruz Province from 1991 to 2003.{{cite web |title=Nestor Kirchner |url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/k/kirchner_nestor.htm |publisher=Biografías y vidas}}

Image:Glacier Outlet, Southern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile.jpg

In the maps published in Argentina, until today,{{cite web |title=Visor de Mapas |url=https://mapa.ign.gob.ar/?zoom=7&lat=-50.1018&lng=-72.1362&layers=argenmap |publisher=Instituto Geográfico Nacional |access-date=22 March 2025}} the region continues to be shown without the white rectangle, as can be seen in a map of Santa Cruz on a website of an official Argentine agency.[http://mapoteca.educ.ar/.files/wp-content/mapas/santa-cruz/turistico/impresion/santa-cruz_turistico.jpg Map of Santa Cruz in an official Argentine agency.] While in the official Chilean maps and most tourist maps, the rectangle is shown and it is clarified that the boundary is not demarcated according to the 1998 treaty.{{cite journal |author1=Karen Isabel Manzano Iturra |title=Geopolitical representation: Chile and Argentina in Campos de Hielo Sur |journal=Estudios Fronterizos |url=https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0187-69612016000100004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en |publisher=Universidad de Concepción |access-date=28 November 2023 |date=March 11, 2015|volume=17 |issue=33 |pages=83–114 |doi=10.21670/ref.2016.33.a04 |doi-access=free }}{{cite web |title=Campo de Hielo Sur [material cartográfico] Instituto Geográfico Militar. |url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/bnd/635/w3-article-331382.html |publisher=Biblioteca Nacional (Chile) |access-date=6 February 2023}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.turismovirtual.cl/xii/xii.html|title=Mapa Turístico de la XII Región de Magallanes y La Antártica Chilena ..:: Antes de viajar, navegue... Turismovirtual.cl ::..|website=www.turismovirtual.cl}}

In 2018, Argentina made a National Ice Inventory in which are included some disputed glaciers.{{cite web|title=Argentina publica inventario de glaciares e incluye a hielos que están en territorio chileno|url=http://www.ahoranoticias.cl/noticias/nacional/238652-argentina-publica-inventario-de-glaciares-e-incluye-a-hielos-que-estan-en-territorio-chileno.html|date=2018-10-15|access-date=2018-10-25|archive-date=2018-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026025135/http://www.ahoranoticias.cl/noticias/nacional/238652-argentina-publica-inventario-de-glaciares-e-incluye-a-hielos-que-estan-en-territorio-chileno.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Subcuenca del Lago Viedma - Inventario Nacional de Glaciares |url=http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_lago-viedma_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905171226/http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_lago-viedma_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Subcuenca Brazo Norte del Lago Argentino - Inventario Nacional de Glaciares |url=http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_brazo-norte-lago-argentino_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905173042/http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_brazo-norte-lago-argentino_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Subcuencas Brazo Sur del Lago Argentino y río Bote - Inventario Nacional de Glaciares |url=http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_brazo-sur-lago-argentino_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905171128/http://www.glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/provincias/Santa_Cruz/docs/mapas/mapa_final_brazo-sur-lago-argentino_APN_30-04-2018.pdf |url-status=live }} From September 20 to October 4 of the same year, the Argentine army traveled to into the area that is pending to be demarcated. This caused controversy mainly in Chile{{cite web |title=Malestar en Chile por un ejercicio militar de la Argentina en la zona de Hielos Continentales |date=11 October 2018 |url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2018/10/11/malestar-en-chile-por-un-ejercicio-militar-de-la-argentina-en-la-zona-de-hielos-continentales/ |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064454/https://www.infobae.com/politica/2018/10/11/malestar-en-chile-por-un-ejercicio-militar-de-la-argentina-en-la-zona-de-hielos-continentales/ |url-status=live }} where the mayor of Villa O'Higgins denounced the fact as a "provocation" and made a call to the central government of Chile to reinforce the sovereignty in the zone.{{cite web |title=Advierten expedición militar argentina en demarcación limítrofe pendiente en Campo de Hielo Sur |date=11 October 2018 |url=https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/advierten-expedicion-militar-argentina-en-demarcacion-limitrofe-pendiente-en-campo-de-hielo-sur-2836382 |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026071523/https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/advierten-expedicion-militar-argentina-en-demarcacion-limitrofe-pendiente-en-campo-de-hielo-sur-2836382 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Polémica por incursión de ejército argentino en territorio chileno en Aysén |date=11 October 2018 |url=http://www.diarioeldia.cl/pais/polemica-por-incursion-ejercito-argentino-en-territorio-chileno-en-aysen |access-date=2018-10-25 |archive-date=2018-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064453/http://www.diarioeldia.cl/pais/polemica-por-incursion-ejercito-argentino-en-territorio-chileno-en-aysen |url-status=live }}

After the Argentine government published its inventory of glaciers including undefined territory, the Chilean Foreign Ministry informed that a claim note had already been sent denying the Argentine inventory.

In 2021, there was a controversy since CONAF (from Chile) installed a dome in the Circo de los Altares, whose southern part is claimed by both countries.{{cite web |title=¿Nuevo conflicto con Chile? Un domo de montaña en los Hielos Continentales amenaza con renovar tensiones |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nuevo-conflicto-con-chile-un-domo-de-montana-en-los-hielos-continentales-amenaza-con-renovar-nid10092021/ |publisher=La Nación |language=es |date=September 10, 2021}}

As of {{CURRENTYEAR}},{{cite web |title=Campo de Hielo Sur: Oficialismo pide avanzar en tema pendiente con Argentina desde Tratado de 1984 |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2024/11/11/campo-de-hielo-sur-oficialismo-pide-avanzar-en-tema-pendiente-con-argentina-desde-tratado-de-1984.shtml |publisher=Biobío |access-date=11 November 2024 |language=es |date=11 November 2024}} the demarcation is still pending.{{cite web |title=El Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur ¿es mejor un mal arreglo que un buen juicio |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/2964636/campo-hielo-patagonico-sur-mejor-mal-arreglo-buen-juicio |publisher=Info Defensa |access-date=28 December 2022}}

Image:GalciarGrey.jpg in Torres del Paine National Park (Chilean territory)]]

File:Fjord 2.jpg|Fjord in Chile

File:Lago y Glaciar Onelli.jpg|Lake and Glacier Onelli, Santa Cruz, Argentina

File:Lago Bergues.jpg|Lake Bergues, Aysén, Chile

File:Campo de Hielo Sur.jpg|Southern Patagonian Ice Field

File:Perito Moreno Glacier 2023.jpg|Perito Moreno Glacier, Santa Cruz, Argentina

File:Spegazzini Glacier 202301.jpg |Spegazzini Glacier, Argentina

File:Glaciar Grey, Torres del Paine.jpg|Grey Glacier, Magallanes & Chilean Antarctica, Chile

File:Bruggen glacier.jpg|Pío XI Glacier, Magallanes & Chilean Antarctica, Chile

File:SantaCruz-Upsala-P2140135b.jpg|Upsala Glacier, Argentina-Chile

File:Glaciar O'Higgins o Ventisquero Grande.JPG|O'Higgins Glacier, Aysén, Chile

File:Circo de los Altares, parque nacional Bernardo O'Higgins, región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena, Chile (5).jpg|Circo de los Altares

File:Monte Fitz Roy 19Mar2018 SkySat.jpg|Chaltén Mountain Range Natural Site, Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Magallanes & Chilean Antarctica, Chile

File:Campo de Hielo Sur desde el Paso Marconi, Región de Aysén.JPG|Marconi Pass, Chile-Argentina

• Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute
• Northern Patagonian Ice Field
• Circo de los Altares
• List of glaciers
• Beagle conflict
• Puna de Atacama dispute
• Glaciarium (museum)

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Wikisource|Agreement between the Republic of Chile and the Republic of Argentina to establish the border line from monte Fitz Roy to cerro Daudet of 1998}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100626055834/http://www.patagoniaincognita.com/ Expedición Transpatagonia 2007, Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur. Primera exploración histórica del Cordón del Gaviotín y del Lago Greve]
• [http://www.aventurarse.com/expediciones/transpatagonia/antecedentes.html# Expeditions in the SP Ice Field]
• [http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386i/chile-arg/wet/index.html "Glaciers of the Wet Andes"] by Louis Lliboutry, USGS
• [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=90464&src=eoa-iotd South Patagonian Icefield], NASA Earth Observatory, 2017. Includes new satellite imagery.
• [http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=229660 Subsecretario argentino de turismo dice que mapa de Campos de Hielo es oficial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809113428/https://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=229660 |date=2019-08-09 }} "El Mercurio", Chile 29 August 2006
• [http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/08/29/elpais/p-01201.htm Hielos Continentales: reclamo de Chile por los mapas argentinos] Clarín, Argentina 29 August 2006
• [http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/08/30/um/m-01262333.htm Tras la fricción por los Hielos Continentales, la Argentina llama a Chile a demarcar los límites "lo antes posible"] Clarín, 30 August 1996

{{Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region rivers and lakes}}

{{Magallanes Region rivers and lakes}}

{{Andean glaciers}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Glaciers of Aysén Region

Category:Glaciers of Argentina

Category:Landforms of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

Category:Última Esperanza Province

Category:Landforms of Argentina

Category:Bodies of ice of Magallanes Region

Category:Ice fields of South America