Southern Supercluster

The Southern Supercluster is a long, {{convert|41|Mpc|Mly|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} chain of at least 15 to 33 groups and clusters of galaxies{{Cite journal |last1=Fouque |first1=P. |last2=Gourgoulhon |first2=E. |last3=Chamaraux |first3=P. |last4=Paturel |first4=G. |date=1992-05-01 |title=Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II. The catalogue of groups and group members. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&AS...93..211F |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series |volume=93 |pages=211–233 |bibcode=1992A&AS...93..211F |issn=0365-0138}} that runs though the Dorado, Fornax, and Eridanus clusters.{{Cite journal |last1=Pellegrini |first1=P. S. |last2=da Costa |first2=L. Nicolaci |last3=Huchra |first3=J. P. |last4=Latham |first4=David W. |last5=Willmer |first5=C. N. A. |date=1990-03-01 |title=Distribution of Galaxies in the Southern Galactic CAP |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990AJ.....99..751P |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=99 |pages=751 |doi=10.1086/115371 |bibcode=1990AJ.....99..751P |issn=0004-6256}} The supercluster consists of two segments: Region A and Region B. Region A, which is the richest part of the supercluster, has a width of {{convert|3|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}}, a thickness of {{convert|20|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}}, and lies at a distance of {{convert|19|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} with a redshift of 1161 km/s. Region A is almost parallel to the supergalactic plane. Region B has a width of {{convert|13|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}}, a thickness of {{convert|26|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}}, and lies at a distance of {{convert|22|Mpc|Mly|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} with a redshift of 1403 km/s. Region B is perpendicular to the supergalactic plane.

The Southern Supercluster connects to the Telescopium−Grus Cloud through the Cetus-Aries Cloud, a minor filament that was identified and described in 1987 by astronomer Brent Tully with colleague Richard Fisher in his book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas.{{Cite book |last1=Tully |first1=R. Brent |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ang..book.....T |title=Atlas of Nearby Galaxies |last2=Fisher |first2=J. Richard |date=1987-01-01 |bibcode=1987ang..book.....T}}

The Southern Supercluster is a branch of a larger filament extending from the Centaurus Cluster that is known as the Southern Supercluster Strand which also encompasses the Telescopium−Grus Cloud. The Southern Supercluster Srand extends all the way to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.{{Cite journal|last1=Courtois|first1=Hélène M.|last2=Pomarède|first2=Daniel|last3=Tully|first3=R. Brent|last4=Hoffman|first4=Yehuda|last5=Courtois|first5=Denis|date=2013-08-14|title=Cosmography of the Local Universe|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=146|issue=3|pages=69|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69|arxiv=1306.0091 |bibcode=2013AJ....146...69C |s2cid=118625532 |issn=0004-6256}}{{Cite journal|last1=Pomarède|first1=Daniel|last2=Hoffman|first2=Yehuda|last3=Courtois|first3=Hélène M.|last4=Tully|first4=R. Brent|date=2017-08-10|title=The Cosmic V-Web|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=845|issue=1|pages=55|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aa7f78|arxiv=1706.03413 |bibcode=2017ApJ...845...55P |s2cid=53064781 |issn=1538-4357 |doi-access=free }} The Southern Supercluster which is part of the Southern Supercluster Strand, along with the Centaurus–Puppis–PP filament, which contains the Antila Wall and both extend to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, form a wall bounding the Sculptor Void.

In 1847, John Herschel had pointed out the existence of a stream of galaxies or nebulae as they were known at the time in the constellations of Cetus, Fornax, Eridanus, Horologium, and Dorado. Later in 1953 Gérard de Vaucouleurs recognized this band as a supercluster dubbing it the southern supergalaxy,{{Cite journal |last=de Vaucouleurs |first=Gerard |date=1953-02-01 |title=Evidence for a local super-galaxy |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953AJ.....58...30D |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=58 |pages=30 |doi=10.1086/106805 |bibcode=1953AJ.....58...30D |issn=0004-6256|doi-access=free }} with many of the groups and clusters being identified by around 1975.{{Cite web |title=Nearby Groups of Galaxies |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Dev2/frames.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}}

In 1987, astronomer Brent Tully with colleague Richard Fisher identified in his book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas the Cetus-Aries Cloud, a nearby minor filament that was described as being a connection between the Southern Supercluster and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud, another filament that was identified by the same authors that year.{{Cite book|last1=Tully|first1=R. Brent|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ang..book.....T|title=Atlas of Nearby Galaxies|last2=Fisher|first2=J. Richard|date=1987-01-01|bibcode=1987ang..book.....T }} In 1989, Mitra et al. first described the physical structure of the Southern Supercluster based on the distribution of galaxies inferred from their redshifts and suspected that a filament connected the Southern Supercluster Strand with the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.{{Cite journal |last=Mitra |first=Shyamal |date=October 1989 |title=The Southern Supercluster |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=98 |pages=1175 |bibcode=1989AJ.....98.1175M |doi=10.1086/115205 |doi-access=free}} This was later confirmed in 2017 by Pomarède et al. In 1992, Fouque et al. grouped the Cetus-Aries Cloud, also known as cloud 52 and the Antlia Cloud (Cloud 54) in the book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas along with the Southern Supercluster's three major clusters, the Fornax, Eridanus, and Dorado clusters (clouds 51 and 53). However, Brent Tully considers the Antlia Cloud to be part of the Virgo Supercluster.{{Cite journal |last=Tully |first=R. B. |date=1982-06-01 |title=The Local Supercluster |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982ApJ...257..389T |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=257 |pages=389–422 |doi=10.1086/159999 |issn=0004-637X}}

In 2013, Courtois et al. identified a filament extending from the Centaurus Cluster that encompasses the Southern Supercluster dubbed the Southern Supercluster Strand. The Southern Supercluster would now be considered a branch of this larger filament along with the Telescopium−Grus Cloud. The Southern Supercluster would be designated as branch SSCa of this filament, and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud would be designated as branch SSCb. In 2017, Pomarède et al. revealed that this filament, now known as the Southern Supercluster strand along with another filament known as the Antlia Strand, extend all the way to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.

• Large-scale structure of the universe
• Galaxy Supercluster
• Laniakea Supercluster

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Southern Supercluster}}

Category:Galaxy superclusters

Category:Large-scale structure of the cosmos

Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1953

Category:Southern Supercluster

Category:Laniakea Supercluster

Category:Southern Supercluster Strand