supercluster

|

• z = ~0.25 (3 billion light years )
• Length = 360 million light years
• Mass = 2.6 × 10¹⁶ solar masses

|Discovered in 2023 by analyzing Sloan Digital Sky Survey images. Claimed to be the most massive galaxy supercluster discovered so far.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Einasto Supercluster: the new heavyweight contender in the universe {{!}} Tartu Ülikool |url=https://ut.ee/en/content/einasto-supercluster-new-heavyweight-contender-universe |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=ut.ee |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Sankhyayan |first1=Shishir |last2=Bagchi |first2=Joydeep |last3=Tempel |first3=Elmo |last4=More |first4=Surhud |last5=Einasto |first5=Maret |last6=Dabhade |first6=Pratik |last7=Raychaudhury |first7=Somak |last8=Athreya |first8=Ramana |last9=Heinämäki |first9=Pekka |date=2023 |title=Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=958 |issue=1 |pages=62 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acfaeb |doi-access=free |arxiv=2309.06251 |bibcode=2023ApJ...958...62S |issn=0004-637X}}

|

• z = 0.50-0.64
• Mass = 1 × 10¹⁶ solar masses

|The most massive galaxy supercluster discovered until 2023.{{Cite journal|last1=Shimawaka|first1=Rhythm|last2=Okabe|first2=Nobuhiro|last3=Shirasaki|first3=Masat|last4=Tanaka|first4=Masayuki|date=22 November 2022|title=King Ghidorah Supercluster: Mapping the light and dark matter in a new supercluster at z = 0.55 using the subaru hyper suprime-cam|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|volume=519|issue=1|pages=L45–L50|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/519/1/L45/6847752?redirectedFrom=fulltext|url-access=subscription|bibcode=2023MNRAS.519L..45S|doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slac150|doi-access=free |arxiv=2211.11970|s2cid=253761264|issn=1745-3933}}

|

• z = 0.000
• Length = 153 Mpc (500 million light-years)

| The Laniakea Supercluster is the supercluster that contains the Virgo Cluster, Local Group, and by extension on the latter, our galaxy; the Milky Way.

|

• z= 0.000
• Length = 33 Mpc (110 million light-years)

| It contains the Local Group with our galaxy, the Milky Way. It also contains the Virgo Cluster near its center, and is sometimes called the Local Supercluster. It is thought to contain over 47,000 galaxies.

A 2014 study indicates that the Virgo Supercluster is only a lobe of an even greater supercluster, Laniakea.{{cite journal |author=Tully |first1=R. Brent |last2=Courtois |first2=Helene |last3=Hoffman |first3=Yehuda |last4=Pomarède |first4=Daniel |author-link4=Daniel Pomarède |date=2 September 2014 |title=The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies |journal=Nature |publication-date=4 September 2014 |volume=513 |pages=71–73 |arxiv=1409.0880 |bibcode=2014Natur.513...71T |doi=10.1038/nature13674 |pmid=25186900 |s2cid=205240232 |number=7516}}

|

| SCl 128 - It is composed of two lobes, sometimes also referred to as superclusters, or sometimes the entire supercluster is referred to by these other two names

• Hydra Supercluster
• Centaurus Supercluster

In 2014, the newly announced Laniakea Supercluster subsumed the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, which became a component of the new supercluster.

|

|

In 2014, the newly announced Laniakea Supercluster subsumed the Pavo-Indus Supercluster, which became a component of the new supercluster.

|

|

Includes Fornax Cluster (S373), Dorado and Eridanus clouds.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65 |last=Mitra |first=Shyamal |title=The World of Galaxies |chapter=A Study of the Southern Supercluster |date=1989 |publisher=Springer, New York, NY. |pages=426–427 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65 |isbn=978-1-4613-9358-0 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609021849/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65 |archive-date=9 June 2018}}

|Distance = 4 billion light years (1.2 Gpc)

Length = 652 Million light-years

|The Saraswati Supercluster consists of 43 massive galaxy clusters such as Abell 2361 and has a mass of about {{Solar mass|2 x 10¹⁶|link=yes}} and is seen in the Pisces constellation

|

| SCl 40

|

| SCl 117 - Forms most of the CfA Homunculus, the center of the CfA2 Great Wall galaxy filament

|

| SCl 9

|

| SCl 160

|

| SCl 93

|

• {{RA|17|10}} {{DEC

| (no SCl number) - Forming the far wall of the Ophiuchus Void, it may be connected in a filament, with the Pavo-Indus-Telescopium Supercluster and the Hercules Supercluster. This supercluster is centered on the cD cluster Ophiuchus Cluster, and has at least two more galaxy clusters, four more galaxy groups, several field galaxies, as members.

{{cite journal

|author=Hasegawa, T.

|display-authors=etal

|date=2000

|title=Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region

|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

|volume=316 |issue=2 |pages=326–344

|bibcode=2000MNRAS.316..326H

|doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03531.x

|doi-access=free

}}

|

• z=0.046.(650 Mly away)

| SCl 124 - The second supercluster found, after the Local Supercluster.

|

| SCl 10

|

| SCl 138

|

:z=0.063 (700 Mly)

:Length = 550 Mly

| SCl 48 + SCl 49

|

:z=0.07{{cite journal |title=The dynamics of the Corona Borealis supercluster |author=Postman, M. |author2=Geller, M. J. |author3=Huchra, J. P. |journal=Astronomical Journal | volume= 95 |date= 1988 |pages= 267–83 |doi= 10.1086/114635 |bibcode=1988AJ.....95..267P}}

| SCl 158

|

| (no SCl number)

|

| SCl 4

|

| SCl 193

|

| SCl 189

|

| SCl 188

|

| SCl 150

|

:z=0.126 (1.4 Gly)

| SCl 59

|

| SCl 114

|

| SCl 257

|

| SCl 53

|

| SCl 197

|

| SCl 100

|

| SCl 91

|

| SCl 107

|

| SCl 174

|

| SCl 3

|

| SCl 40

|

| SCl 30

|

| SCl 109

|

| SCl 111

| z=2.45

| This supercluster at the time of its discovery in 2018 was the earliest and largest proto-supercluster found to date.{{citation |author=Miranda |first=Natalia A. Ramos |title=Scientists in Chile unveil 'A Cosmic Titan' cluster of galaxies |date=October 17, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-galaxy/scientists-in-chile-unveil-a-cosmic-titan-cluster-of-galaxies-idUSKCN1MR2RS |publisher=Reuters}}{{Cite journal|arxiv=1806.06073|title=The progeny of a Cosmic Titan: a massive multi-component proto-supercluster in formation at z=2.45 in VUDS|last1=Cucciati|first1=O.|last2=Lemaux|first2=B. C.|last3=Zamorani|first3=G.|last4=Le Fevre|first4=O.|last5=Tasca|first5=L. A. M.|last6=Hathi|first6=N. P.|last7=Lee|first7=K-G.|last8=Bardelli|first8=S.|last9=Cassata|first9=P.|last10=Garilli|first10=B.|last11=Le Brun|first11=V.|last12=Maccagni|first12=D.|last13=Pentericci|first13=L.|last14=Thomas|first14=R.|last15=Vanzella|first15=E.|last16=Zucca|first16=E.|last17=Lubin|first17=L. M.|last18=Amorin|first18=R.|last19=Cassara'|first19=L. P.|last20=Cimatti|first20=A.|last21=Talia|first21=M.|last22=Vergani|first22=D.|last23=Koekemoer|first23=A.|last24=Pforr|first24=J.|last25=Salvato|first25=M.|journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics|year=2018|volume = 619|pages = A49|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201833655|bibcode = 2018A&A...619A..49C|s2cid = 119472428}}

| z=1.27

| Discovered in 1999

{{cite journal

|author=Rosati, P.

|display-authors=etal

|date=1999

|title=An X-Ray-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.26

|journal=The Astronomical Journal

|volume=118 |issue=1 |pages=76–85

|arxiv=astro-ph/9903381

|bibcode=1999AJ....118...76R

|doi=10.1086/300934

|s2cid=2560006

}} (as ClG J0848+4453, a name now used to describe the western cluster, with ClG J0849+4452 being the eastern one),

{{cite web

|title=Lynx Supercluster

|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NAME%20LYNX%20SUPERCLUSTER

|work=SIMBAD

}} it contains at least two clusters RXJ 0848.9+4452 (z=1.26) and RXJ 0848.6+4453 (z=1.27) . At the time of discovery, it became the most distant known supercluster.

{{cite journal

|author=Nakata, F.

|display-authors=etal

|date=2004

|title=Discovery of a large-scale clumpy structure of the Lynx supercluster at z∼1.27

|journal=Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

|volume=2004 |pages=29–33

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|bibcode=2004ogci.conf...29N

|doi=10.1017/S1743921304000080

|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024

|isbn=0-521-84908-X

|doi-access=free

}} Additionally, seven smaller groups of galaxies are associated with the supercluster.

{{cite journal

|author=Ohta, K.

|display-authors=etal

|date=2003

|title=Optical Identification of the ASCA Lynx Deep Survey: An Association of Quasi-Stellar Objects and a Supercluster at z = 1.3?

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal

|volume=598 |issue=1

|pages=210–215

|arxiv=astro-ph/0308066

|bibcode=2003ApJ...598..210O

|doi=10.1086/378690

|s2cid=117171639

}}

|

z=1.1

Length=70Mpc

| A rich supercluster with several galaxy clusters was discovered around an unusual concentration of 23 QSOs at z=1.1 in 2001. The size of the complex of clusters may indicate a wall of galaxies exists there, instead of a single supercluster. The size discovered approaches the size of the CfA2 Great Wall filament. At the time of the discovery, it was the largest and most distant supercluster beyond z=0.5

{{cite conference

|author=Tanaka, I.

|date=2004

|title=Subaru Observation of a Supercluster of Galaxies and QSOS at Z = 1.1

|book-title=Studies of Galaxies in the Young Universe with New Generation Telescope, Proceedings of Japan-German Seminar, held in Sendai, Japan, July 24–28, 2001

|pages=61–64

|bibcode=2004sgyu.conf...61T

}}

{{cite journal

|author=Tanaka, I.

|author2=Yamada, T.

|author3=Turner, E. L.

|author4=Suto, Y.

|date=2001

|title=Superclustering of Faint Galaxies in the Field of a QSO Concentration at z ~ 1.1

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal

|volume=547 |issue= 2|pages=521–530

|arxiv=astro-ph/0009229

|bibcode=2001ApJ...547..521T

|doi=10.1086/318430

|s2cid=119439816

}}

| z=0.91

| This supercluster at the time of its discovery was the largest supercluster found so deep into space, in 2000. It consisted of two known rich clusters and one newly discovered cluster as a result of the study that discovered it. The then known clusters were Cl 1604+4304 (z=0.897) and Cl 1604+4321 (z=0.924), which then known to have 21 and 42 known galaxies respectively. The then newly discovered cluster was located at {{RA|16|04|25.7}}, {{DEC|+43|14|44.7}}{{cite journal

|title=A Definitive Optical Detection of a Supercluster at z ≈ 0.91

|date=2000

|author=Lubin, L. M.

|display-authors=etal

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal

|volume=531 |issue=1 |pages=L5–L8

|arxiv=astro-ph/0001166

|bibcode=2000ApJ...531L...5L

|doi=10.1086/312518

|pmid=10673401

|s2cid=14588174

}}

| SCL @ 0018+16 at z=0.54 in SA26

| z=0.54

| This supercluster lies around radio galaxy 54W084C (z=0.544) and is composed of at least three large clusters, CL 0016+16 (z=0.5455), RX J0018.3+1618 (z=0.5506), RX J0018.8+1602 .

{{cite journal

|title=Superclustering at Redshift z = 0.54

|date=1996

|author=Connolly, A. J.

|display-authors=etal

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters

|volume=473 |issue=2 |pages=L67–L70

|arxiv=astro-ph/9610047

|bibcode=1996ApJ...473L..67C

|doi=10.1086/310395

|s2cid=17697662

}}

|

z=0.42

Length=6Mpc

| This supercluster has at least three member clusters, the eastern cluster CL 0303+1706, southern cluster MS 0302+1659 and northern cluster MS 0302+1717.University of Hawaii, [http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~kaiser/pictures/ms0302/caption.html "The MS0302+17 Supercluster"], Nick Kaiser. Retrieved 15 September 2009.