Soyuz T-2
{{Short description|1980 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 6}}
{{distinguish|Soyuz 2|Soyuz TM-2|Soyuz TMA-2|Soyuz TMA-02M|Soyuz MS-02}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Soyuz T-2
| image =
| image_caption = 1980
| insignia =
| mission_type =
| operator =
| COSPAR_ID = 1980-045A
| SATCAT = 11825
| mission_duration = 3 days, 22 hours, 19 minutes, 30 seconds
| distance_travelled =
| orbits_completed = 62
| spacecraft =
| spacecraft_type = Soyuz-T
| manufacturer = NPO Energia
| launch_mass =
| landing_mass =
| launch_date = {{Start date text|June 5, 1980, 14:19:30|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = Soyuz-U
| landing_date = {{End date text|June 9, 1980, 12:39:00|timezone=yes}} UTC
| landing_site = {{convert|200|km|mi}} SE of Dzhezkazgan
| crew_size = 2
| crew_members = Yury Malyshev
Vladimir Aksyonov
| crew_callsign = {{lang|ru|Юпитер}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|Yupiter}} - "Jupiter")
| crew_photo = 1980 CPA 5108.jpg
| crew_photo_caption =
| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|202|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|249|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 51.6 degrees
| orbit_period = 88.7 minutes
| apsis = gee
| docking =
{{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = Salyut 6
| docking_type = dock
| docking_port =
| docking_date =
| undocking_date =
| time_docked =
}}
| previous_mission = Soyuz 36
| next_mission = Soyuz 37
| programme = Soyuz programme
(Crewed missions)
}}
Soyuz T-2 ({{langx|ru|Союз T-2}}, Union T-2) was a 1980 Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 12th mission to and 10th successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz T-2 crew were the second to visit the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew.
Soyuz T-2 carried Yury Malyshev and Vladimir Aksyonov into space. A mission lasting under four days, its primary purpose was to perform a crewed test of the new Soyuz-T spacecraft.
Crew
{{Spaceflight crew
|Terminology = Crew Member
|position1 = Commander
|crew1_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Yury Malyshev
|flights1_up = First
|details1_up =
|position2 = Flight Engineer
|crew2_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Vladimir Aksyonov
|flights2_up = Second and last
|details2_up =
}}
=Backup crew=
{{Spaceflight crew
|position1 = Commander
|crew1_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Leonid Kizim
|details1_up =
|position2 = Flight Engineer
|crew2_up = {{flagicon|URS}} Oleg Makarov
|details2_up =
}}
Mission highlights
When the visiting Soyuz 36 Intercosmos crew departed Salyut 6 on 3 June 1980 and the remaining resident crew almost immediately redocked the Soyuz craft left behind, observers speculated the secretive Soviets were possibly planning a second Intercosmos mission. The failure of Soyuz 33 the year before had forced the Soviets to juggle their launch schedule.{{cite book
| last = Clark
| first = Phillip
| title = The Soviet Manned Space Program
| url = https://archive.org/details/sovietmannedspac0000clar
| url-access = registration
| year= 1988
| isbn = 0-517-56954-X
| publisher = Orion Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc.
| location = New York
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/sovietmannedspac0000clar/page/n122 119]–122
}}
A launch indeed was soon in the offing, but not the predicted mission. Soyuz T-2 was launched 5 June with Yury Malyshev and Vladimir Aksyonov on what turned out to be the first crewed mission of the new Soyuz T variant. The craft had new engine systems and could launch three cosmonauts. Additionally, the Soyuz was equipped with a new Argon computer which controlled docking and reentry procedures.{{cite book
| last = Newkirk
| first = Dennis
| title = Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight
| year = 1990
| pages = 212–214
| isbn = 0-87201-848-2
| publisher = Gulf Publishing Company
| location = Houston, Texas
}}
As the craft approached Salyut 6, solar cells, re-introduced to the Soyuz, were tested. The approach was completed automatically, while the final 180 metres were achieved manually on 6 June. The Argon docking computer had failed, leaving the craft perpendicular to the station. The computer failure was later explained as being caused by the crew and controllers failing to have practiced the particular approach the computer chose. The crew had therefore chosen to dock manually to be safe; the computer would have successfully docked if allowed to, said the Soviets. However, failures during the automatic approach was a recurring problem in future Soyuz T missions.
During their short stay, Malyshev and Aksyonov seemed to have carried out a minimum of experiments, including participating in some medical tests and using the Salyut's MKF-6M camera. They undocked in the craft they arrived on only two days after first greeting the resident crew. As they left, the Salyut turned around and the Soyuz T-2 crew photographed and visually inspected the space station. The Soyuz then departed and landed about three hours later.
See also
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Soyuz}}
{{Orbital launches in 1980}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soyuz T-02}}
Category:Crewed Soyuz missions
Category:1980 in the Soviet Union
Category:Spacecraft launched in 1980