Spacing Modifier Letters

{{hatnote|Not to be confused with Combining character, which modifies other characters, e.g. by adding diacritical marks.}}

{{Infobox Unicode block

|rangestart = 02B0

|rangeend = 02FF

|script1 = {{nowrap|Bopomofo (2 char.)}}

|script2 = {{nowrap|Latin (14 char.)}}

|script3 = {{nowrap|Common (64 char.)}}

|alphabets = IPA

|1_0_0 = 57

|3_0 = 6

|4_0 = 17

|note = {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html|title=Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}

}}

Spacing Modifier Letters is a Unicode block containing characters for the IPA, UPA, and other phonetic transcriptions. Included are the IPA tone marks, and modifiers for aspiration and palatalization. The word spacing indicates that these characters occupy their own horizontal space within a line of text. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Modifier Letters.{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/CodeCharts2.pdf |work=The Unicode Standard |version=version 1.0 |title=3.8: Block-by-Block Charts |publisher=Unicode Consortium}}

Character table

class="wikitable sortable collapsible"

!Code

!Glyph (with x as guide)

!Decimal

!Description

colspan="4" |Latin superscript modifier letters

U+02B0

|xʰ

|ʰ

|Modifier Letter Small H

U+02B1

|xʱ

|ʱ

|Modifier Letter Small H with hook

U+02B2

|xʲ

|ʲ

|Modifier Letter Small J

U+02B3

|xʳ

|ʳ

|Modifier Letter Small R

U+02B4

|xʴ

|ʴ

|Modifier Letter Small Turned R

U+02B5

|xʵ

|ʵ

|Modifier Letter Small Turned R with hook

U+02B6

|xʶ

|ʶ

|Modifier Letter Small Capital Inverted R

U+02B7

|xʷ

|ʷ

|Modifier Letter Small W

U+02B8

|xʸ

|ʸ

|Modifier Letter Small Y

colspan="4" |Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers

U+02B9

|xʹ

|ʹ

|Modifier Letter Prime

U+02BA

|xʺ

|ʺ

|Modifier Letter Double Prime

U+02BB

|xʻ

|ʻ

|Modifier Letter Turned Comma

U+02BC

|xʼ

|ʼ

|Modifier Letter Apostrophe

U+02BD

|xʽ

|ʽ

|Modifier Letter Reversed Comma

U+02BE

|xʾ

|ʾ

|Modifier Letter Right Half Ring

U+02BF

|xʿ

|ʿ

|Modifier Letter Left Half Ring

U+02C0

|xˀ

|ˀ

|Modifier Letter Glottal Stop

U+02C1

|xˁ

|ˁ

|Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop

U+02C2

|x˂

|˂

|Modifier Letter Left Arrowhead

U+02C3

|x˃

|˃

|Modifier Letter Right Arrowhead

U+02C4

|x˄

|˄

|Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead

U+02C5

|x˅

|˅

|Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead

U+02C6

|xˆ

|ˆ

|Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent

U+02C7

|xˇ

|ˇ

|Caron

U+02C8

|xˈ

|ˈ

|Modifier Letter Vertical Line

U+02C9

|xˉ

|ˉ

|Modifier Letter Macron

U+02CA

|xˊ

|ˊ

|Modifier Letter Acute Accent

U+02CB

|xˋ

|ˋ

|Modifier Letter Grave Accent

U+02CC

|xˌ

|ˌ

|Modifier Letter Low Vertical Line

U+02CD

|xˍ

|ˍ

|Modifier Letter Low Macron

U+02CE

|xˎ

|ˎ

|Modifier Letter Low Grave Accent

U+02CF

|xˏ

|ˏ

|Modifier Letter Low Acute Accent

U+02D0

|xː

|ː

|Modifier Letter Triangular Colon

U+02D1

|xˑ

|ˑ

|Modifier Letter Half Triangular Colon

U+02D2

|x˒

|˒

|Modifier Letter Centered Right Half Ring

U+02D3

|x˓

|˓

|Modifier Letter Centered Left Half Ring

U+02D4

|x˔

|˔

|Modifier Letter Up Tack

U+02D5

|x˕

|˕

|Modifier Letter Down Tack

U+02D6

|x˖

|˖

|Modifier Letter Plus Sign

U+02D7

|x˗

|˗

|Modifier Letter Minus Sign

colspan="4" |Spacing clones of diacritics

U+02D8

|x˘

|˘

|Breve

U+02D9

|x˙

|˙

|Dot Above

U+02DA

|x˚

|˚

|Ring Above

U+02DB

|x˛

|˛

|Ogonek

U+02DC

|x˜

|˜

|Small Tilde

U+02DD

|x˝

|˝

|Double Acute Accent

colspan="4" |Additions based on 1989 IPA

U+02DE

|x˞

|˞

|Modifier Letter Rhotic Hook

U+02DF

|x˟

|˟

|Modifier Letter Cross Accent

U+02E0

|xˠ

|ˠ

|Modifier Letter Small Gamma

U+02E1

|xˡ

|ˡ

|Modifier Letter Small L

U+02E2

|xˢ

|ˢ

|Modifier Letter Small S

U+02E3

|xˣ

|ˣ

|Modifier Letter Small X

U+02E4

|xˤ

|ˤ

|Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop

colspan="4" |Tone letters

U+02E5

|x˥

|˥

|Modifier Letter Extra-High Tone Bar

U+02E6

|x˦

|˦

|Modifier Letter High Tone Bar

U+02E7

|x˧

|˧

|Modifier Letter Mid Tone Bar

U+02E8

|x˨

|˨

|Modifier Letter Low Tone Bar

U+02E9

|x˩

|˩

|Modifier Letter Extra-Low Tone Bar

colspan="4" |Extended Bopomofo tone marks

U+02EA

|x˪

|˪

|Extended Bopomofo Yin Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages)

U+02EB

|x˫

|˫

|Extended Bopomofo Yang Departing (for Minnan and Hakka languages)

colspan="4" |IPA modifiers

U+02EC

|xˬ

|ˬ

|Modifier Letter Voicing

U+02ED

|x˭

|˭

|Modifier Letter Unaspirated

colspan="4" |Other modifier letter

U+02EE

|xˮ

|ˮ

|Modifier Letter Double Apostrophe

colspan="4" |UPA modifiers

U+02EF

|x˯

|˯

|Modifier Letter Low Down Arrowhead

U+02F0

|x˰

|˰

|Modifier Letter Low Up Arrowhead

U+02F1

|x˱

|˱

|Modifier Letter Low Left Arrowhead

U+02F2

|x˲

|˲

|Modifier Letter Low Right Arrowhead

U+02F3

|x˳

|˳

|Modifier Letter Low Ring

U+02F4

|x˴

|˴

|Modifier Letter Middle Grave Accent

U+02F5

|x˵

|˵

|Modifier Letter Middle Double Grave Accent

U+02F6

|x˶

|˶

|Modifier Letter Middle Double Acute Accent

U+02F7

|x˷

|˷

|Modifier Letter Low Tilde

U+02F8

|x˸

|˸

|Modifier Letter Raised Colon

U+02F9

|x˹

|˹

|Modifier Letter Begin High Tone

U+02FA

|x˺

|˺

|Modifier Letter End High Tone

U+02FB

|x˻

|˻

|Modifier Letter Begin Low Tone

U+02FC

|x˼

|˼

|Modifier Letter End Low Tone

U+02FD

|x˽

|˽

|Modifier Letter Shelf

U+02FE

|x˾

|˾

|Modifier Letter Open Shelf

U+02FF

|x˿

|˿

|Modifier Letter Low Left Arrow

class="nosort"

!Code

!Glyph

!Decimal

!Description

Compact table

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Spacing Modifier Letters block:

Version	{{nobr\|Final code points}}	Count	UTC ID	L2 ID	WG2 ID	Document
class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sticky-header"
rowspan="14" \| 1.0.0	rowspan="11" \| U+02B0..02DD	rowspan="11" \| 46				(to be determined)
{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999-UTC/u1999-017.txt UTC/1999-017]}}			{{Citation\|title=Data cross-checks (for Agenda)\|date=1999-06-02\|first=Mark\|last=Davis\|author-link=Mark Davis (Unicode)\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99176.htm L2/99-176R]}}		{{Citation\|title=Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999\|date=1999-11-04\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Data Cross-Checks}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n2043.pdf L2/99-246]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2043.pdf N2043]	{{Citation\|title=On the apostrophe and quotation mark, with a note on Egyptian transliteration characters\|date=1999-07-24\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|author-link=Michael Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06373-devanagari.pdf L2/06-373]}}		{{Citation\|title=Proposal for additional character\|date=2006-11-04\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06398-pandey-comments.txt L2/06-398]}}		{{Citation\|title=Comments on L2/06-373 (addition of 'apostrophe' to Devanagari)\|date=2006-12-15\|first=Anshuman\|last=Pandey\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07272-southasian-recom.pdf L2/07-272]}}		{{Citation\|title=Report of the South Asia subcommittee\|date=2007-08-10\|first=Eric\|last=Muller\|ref=none\|section=9}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07225.htm L2/07-225]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #112 Minutes\|date=2007-08-21\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Devanagari}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08197--bodo-dogri-maithili.pdf L2/08-197]}}		{{Citation\|title=Representation of Bodo, Dogri and Maithili languages in Unicode Standard\|date=2008-05-06\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08210-tone-examples.pdf L2/08-210]}}		{{Citation\|title=Usage examples for Bodo, Dogri, Maithili tone marker\|date=2008-05-07\|first=Swaran\|last=Lata\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12065-hebrew-translit.pdf L2/12-065]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4281.pdf N4281]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal for additional annotations for some modifier letters used for transliteration of Hebrew\|date=2012-02-05\|first=Karl\|last=Pentzlin\|ref=none}}
rowspan="3" \| U+02DE, 02E0..02E9	rowspan="3" \| 11	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt UTC/1991-048B]}}			{{Citation\|title=Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple\|date=1991-03-27\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none\|section=IPA additions}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00421-ipatoneletters.htm L2/00-421]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2307.htm N2307]	{{Citation\|title=Response to Japanese Query re IPA tone letters\|date=2000-11-27\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01025-n2312.pdf L2/01-025]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2312.pdf N2312]	{{Citation\|title=Presentation of tone contours encoded as UCS tone letter sequences\|date=2001-01-08\|first=Peter\|last=Constable\|ref=none}}
rowspan="16" \| 3.0	rowspan="4" \| U+02DF	rowspan="4" \| 1		{{nobr\|L2/98-261}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1812.pdf N1812 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1812.html html])	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to encode CROSS ACCENT in ISO/IEC 10646\|date=1998-05-21\|first=Mattias\|last=Ellert\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf L2/99-010]}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf N1903 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25\|date=1998-12-30\|first=V. S.\|last=Umamaheswaran\|ref=none\|section=8.2.5}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EA..02EB	rowspan="4" \| 2		{{nobr\|L2/98-090}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1713r.rtf N1713R]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to add 24 extended Bopomofo and 2 modifier letters for Minnan and Hakka\|date=1998-03-19\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98158.html L2/98-158]}}		{{Citation\|title=Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998\|date=1998-05-26\|first1=Joan\|last1=Aliprand\|first2=Arnold\|last2=Winkler\|ref=none\|section=Bopomofo Extensions}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-286}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc N1703]	{{Citation\|title=Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20\|date=1998-07-02\|first1=V. S.\|last1=Umamaheswaran\|first2=Mike\|last2=Ksar\|ref=none\|section=8.25}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3194.pdf L2/98-321]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1905_02n3194_fpdam23_bopomofo.pdf N1905]	{{Citation\|title=Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 23, AMENDMENT 23: Bopomofo Extended and other characters\|date=1998-10-22\|ref=none}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EC..02ED	rowspan="4" \| 2		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1845.pdf L2/98-299]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1845-ipa.pdf N1845]	{{Citation\|title=Additional IPA "disturbed speech" characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-08\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06231.htm L2/06-231]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #108 Minutes\|date=2006-08-17\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Consensus 108-C3\|quote=Change the general category of U+02EC MODIFIER LETTER VOICING from "Sk" to "Lm".}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EE	rowspan="4" \| 1		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98295.htm L2/98-295]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1817.htm N1817]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to add the letter MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE in the BMP\|date=1997-08-10\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf L2/99-010]}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf N1903 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25\|date=1998-12-30\|first=V. S.\|last=Umamaheswaran\|ref=none\|section=8.2.2}}
rowspan="7" \| 4.0	rowspan="7" \| U+02EF..02FF	rowspan="7" \| 17		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf L2/02-141]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf N2419]	{{Citation\|title=Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS\|date=2002-03-20\|first1=Michael\|last1=Everson\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02192-upa.txt L2/02-192]}}		{{Citation\|title=Everson's Reply on UPA\|date=2002-05-02\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
		[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2442.pdf N2442]	{{Citation\|title=Justification for placing the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the BMP\|date=2002-05-21\|first1=Michael\|last1=Everson\|first2=Erkki I.\|last2=Kolehmainen\|first3=Klaas\|last3=Ruppel\|first4=Trond\|last4=Trosterud\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02291-whistler.txt L2/02-291]}}		{{Citation\|title=WG2 report from Dublin\|date=2002-05-31\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02292-whistler.txt L2/02-292]}}		{{Citation\|title=Early look at WG2 consent docket\|date=2002-06-03\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html L2/02-166R2]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #91 Minutes\|date=2002-08-09\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Scripts and New Characters - UPA}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02253.htm L2/02-253]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #92 Minutes\|date=2002-10-21\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Consensus 92-C2}}
class="sortbottom" \| colspan="7" \| {{reflist\|group=lower-alpha\|refs=Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names}}

References

Category:Unicode blocks

Version	{{nobr\|Final code points}}	Count	UTC ID	L2 ID	WG2 ID	Document
class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sticky-header"
rowspan="14" \| 1.0.0	rowspan="11" \| U+02B0..02DD	rowspan="11" \| 46				(to be determined)
{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999-UTC/u1999-017.txt UTC/1999-017]}}			{{Citation\|title=Data cross-checks (for Agenda)\|date=1999-06-02\|first=Mark\|last=Davis\|author-link=Mark Davis (Unicode)\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99176.htm L2/99-176R]}}		{{Citation\|title=Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999\|date=1999-11-04\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Data Cross-Checks}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n2043.pdf L2/99-246]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2043.pdf N2043]	{{Citation\|title=On the apostrophe and quotation mark, with a note on Egyptian transliteration characters\|date=1999-07-24\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|author-link=Michael Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06373-devanagari.pdf L2/06-373]}}		{{Citation\|title=Proposal for additional character\|date=2006-11-04\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06398-pandey-comments.txt L2/06-398]}}		{{Citation\|title=Comments on L2/06-373 (addition of 'apostrophe' to Devanagari)\|date=2006-12-15\|first=Anshuman\|last=Pandey\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07272-southasian-recom.pdf L2/07-272]}}		{{Citation\|title=Report of the South Asia subcommittee\|date=2007-08-10\|first=Eric\|last=Muller\|ref=none\|section=9}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07225.htm L2/07-225]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #112 Minutes\|date=2007-08-21\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Devanagari}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08197--bodo-dogri-maithili.pdf L2/08-197]}}		{{Citation\|title=Representation of Bodo, Dogri and Maithili languages in Unicode Standard\|date=2008-05-06\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08210-tone-examples.pdf L2/08-210]}}		{{Citation\|title=Usage examples for Bodo, Dogri, Maithili tone marker\|date=2008-05-07\|first=Swaran\|last=Lata\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12065-hebrew-translit.pdf L2/12-065]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4281.pdf N4281]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal for additional annotations for some modifier letters used for transliteration of Hebrew\|date=2012-02-05\|first=Karl\|last=Pentzlin\|ref=none}}
rowspan="3" \| U+02DE, 02E0..02E9	rowspan="3" \| 11	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt UTC/1991-048B]}}			{{Citation\|title=Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple\|date=1991-03-27\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none\|section=IPA additions}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00421-ipatoneletters.htm L2/00-421]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2307.htm N2307]	{{Citation\|title=Response to Japanese Query re IPA tone letters\|date=2000-11-27\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01025-n2312.pdf L2/01-025]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2312.pdf N2312]	{{Citation\|title=Presentation of tone contours encoded as UCS tone letter sequences\|date=2001-01-08\|first=Peter\|last=Constable\|ref=none}}
rowspan="16" \| 3.0	rowspan="4" \| U+02DF	rowspan="4" \| 1		{{nobr\|L2/98-261}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1812.pdf N1812 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1812.html html])	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to encode CROSS ACCENT in ISO/IEC 10646\|date=1998-05-21\|first=Mattias\|last=Ellert\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf L2/99-010]}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf N1903 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25\|date=1998-12-30\|first=V. S.\|last=Umamaheswaran\|ref=none\|section=8.2.5}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EA..02EB	rowspan="4" \| 2		{{nobr\|L2/98-090}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1713r.rtf N1713R]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to add 24 extended Bopomofo and 2 modifier letters for Minnan and Hakka\|date=1998-03-19\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98158.html L2/98-158]}}		{{Citation\|title=Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998\|date=1998-05-26\|first1=Joan\|last1=Aliprand\|first2=Arnold\|last2=Winkler\|ref=none\|section=Bopomofo Extensions}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-286}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc N1703]	{{Citation\|title=Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20\|date=1998-07-02\|first1=V. S.\|last1=Umamaheswaran\|first2=Mike\|last2=Ksar\|ref=none\|section=8.25}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3194.pdf L2/98-321]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1905_02n3194_fpdam23_bopomofo.pdf N1905]	{{Citation\|title=Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 23, AMENDMENT 23: Bopomofo Extended and other characters\|date=1998-10-22\|ref=none}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EC..02ED	rowspan="4" \| 2		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1845.pdf L2/98-299]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1845-ipa.pdf N1845]	{{Citation\|title=Additional IPA "disturbed speech" characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-08\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06231.htm L2/06-231]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #108 Minutes\|date=2006-08-17\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Consensus 108-C3\|quote=Change the general category of U+02EC MODIFIER LETTER VOICING from "Sk" to "Lm".}}
rowspan="4" \| U+02EE	rowspan="4" \| 1		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98295.htm L2/98-295]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1817.htm N1817]	{{Citation\|title=Proposal to add the letter MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE in the BMP\|date=1997-08-10\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|L2/98-372}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Additional Characters for the UCS\|date=1998-09-22\|first1=Ken\|last1=Whistler\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}	[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]	{{Citation\|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters\|date=1998-10-28\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf L2/99-010]}}	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf N1903 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc doc])	{{Citation\|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25\|date=1998-12-30\|first=V. S.\|last=Umamaheswaran\|ref=none\|section=8.2.2}}
rowspan="7" \| 4.0	rowspan="7" \| U+02EF..02FF	rowspan="7" \| 17		{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf L2/02-141]}}	[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf N2419]	{{Citation\|title=Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS\|date=2002-03-20\|first1=Michael\|last1=Everson\|display-authors=etal\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02192-upa.txt L2/02-192]}}		{{Citation\|title=Everson's Reply on UPA\|date=2002-05-02\|first=Michael\|last=Everson\|ref=none}}
		[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2442.pdf N2442]	{{Citation\|title=Justification for placing the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the BMP\|date=2002-05-21\|first1=Michael\|last1=Everson\|first2=Erkki I.\|last2=Kolehmainen\|first3=Klaas\|last3=Ruppel\|first4=Trond\|last4=Trosterud\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02291-whistler.txt L2/02-291]}}		{{Citation\|title=WG2 report from Dublin\|date=2002-05-31\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02292-whistler.txt L2/02-292]}}		{{Citation\|title=Early look at WG2 consent docket\|date=2002-06-03\|first=Ken\|last=Whistler\|ref=none}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html L2/02-166R2]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #91 Minutes\|date=2002-08-09\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Scripts and New Characters - UPA}}
	{{nobr\|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02253.htm L2/02-253]}}		{{Citation\|title=UTC #92 Minutes\|date=2002-10-21\|first=Lisa\|last=Moore\|ref=none\|section=Consensus 92-C2}}
class="sortbottom" \| colspan="7" \| {{reflist\|group=lower-alpha\|refs=Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names}}

Spacing Modifier Letters

Character table

Compact table

History

See also

References