Specialized court

{{Further|Judiciary of Austria#General courts}}

Under hierarchical chain of ordinary courts compared to administrative courts in Austria, specialized court ({{langx|de|Fachgerichtsbarkeit}}) for specific jurisdictions, including court on cartel cases ({{langx|de|Kartellgericht}}) and court on employment - social welfare cases ({{langx|de|Arbeits- und Sozialgericht}}) are established in Vienna.{{cite web | url= https://e-justice.europa.eu/19/EN/national_specialised_courts?AUSTRIA&init=true&member=1 | title= National specialised courts - Austria | publisher= European e-Justice Portal | access-date= 2022-05-21}}

{{Main|Court of special jurisdiction (China)}}

Judiciary in the People's Republic of China includes the courts of special jurisdiction, translated as 'Specialized court' including matters concerning the military, national railway system and maritime disputes.{{cite web | url= https://ssrn.com/abstract=3910839 | title= Jia, Mark, Special Courts, Global China (August 24, 2021). Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 62, No. 3, 2022 (Forthcoming) pp.8-9. | access-date= 2022-05-21}}

{{Further|Category:Judiciary of India}}

In India, various types of specialized tribunals are established for each of specific matters, including offences Relating to Transactions in Securities, Atrocities against Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, consuming Narcotic Drugs, violation on NIA act, Corruption.{{cite news |author=சாக்‌ஷி |title=What is special about special courts? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/What-is-special-about-special-courts/article16978952.ece |accessdate=8 January 2019 |agency=தி இந்து |archive-date=4 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204225009/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/What-is-special-about-special-courts/article16978952.ece |url-status=live }} Supreme court has also setup 12 fast track special courts to exclusively deal with cases involving with MLA/MPs.{{cite news |title=Inform us about setting up of special courts to try cases of politicians: SC to government |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/inform-us-about-setting-up-of-special-courts-to-try-cases-of-politicians-sc-to-government/articleshow/65489663.cms |accessdate=8 January 2019 |agency=economictimes |archive-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108210734/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/inform-us-about-setting-up-of-special-courts-to-try-cases-of-politicians-sc-to-government/articleshow/65489663.cms |url-status=live }}

{{Further|Category:Courts of the United Kingdom}}

The judiciary of United Kingdom includes courts and tribunals for specific subject-matter jurisdictions, such as Employment Tribunal in England and Wales and Scotland, Family Court in England and Wales.{{cite web | url= https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/the-justice-system/court-structure/ | title= Structure of the courts & tribunal system | publisher= Judiciary website | access-date= 2022-05-22}}

{{Further|Federal judiciary of the United States#Other tribunals}}

In the United States, specialized courts, or specialty courts are courts that aim to rehabilitate generally non-violent and low-rate offenders by including specifically trained professionals pertaining to the field of specialty court. The purpose of these specialized courts is to acknowledge and handle criminal activity at the source.{{Cite web|url=https://pinalcountyattorney.org/criminal-justice/specialty-courts/#:~:text=Specialty+Courts+are+problem-solving,services,+and+social+service+agencies.|title=Specialty Courts - Pinal County Attorney's Office|date=April 27, 2018|website=pinalcountyattorney.org|access-date=September 17, 2024|archive-date=August 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806010620/https://pinalcountyattorney.org/criminal-justice/specialty-courts/#:~:text=Specialty+Courts+are+problem-solving,services,+and+social+service+agencies.|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |date=2018-04-27 |title=Specialty Courts - Pinal County Attorney's Office |url=https://pinalcountyattorney.org/criminal-justice/specialty-courts/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=pinalcountyattorney.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422010015/https://pinalcountyattorney.org/criminal-justice/specialty-courts/ |url-status=live }} Special courts in United States can handle both civil and criminal disputes. Some examples of different specialized courts include DWI court, drug court, mental health court, sex trafficking court, domestic violence court, truancy court, family court, mental health court, and traffic court and veterans treatment court. Drug courts are separated into categories such as adult drug court, juvenile drug court, DWI court, and veteran's treatment court.{{Cite web |title=Treatment Courts |url=https://www.mncourts.gov/Help-Topics/DrugCourts.aspx |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224183050/https://www.mncourts.gov/Help-Topics/DrugCourts.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Fact Sheet, Office of National Drug Control Policy |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/ondcp/Fact_Sheets/veterans_treatment_courts_fact_sheet_12-13-10.pdf |publisher=Office of National Drug Control Policy |language=English |publication-date=December 2010}}

Traditional courts focus on what happened, decide whether the person committed a crime, and punish the person proportionately.{{Cite web|url=https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/court-role-and-structure#:~:text=Courts%20decide%20what%20really%20happened,people%20can't%20resolve%20themselves.|title=Court Role and Structure | United States Courts|website=www.uscourts.gov}}{{Cite web |title=Court Role and Structure {{!}} United States Courts |url=https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/court-role-and-structure |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.uscourts.gov |language=en}} Specialized courts focus on reducing future rearrests and rehabilitation. For instance, drug court aims to reduce criminal activity by mandating that the offender stay clean from drugs and mandating drug treatment therapy. These specialized courts usually involve the help of the prosecutor, judge, probation, law enforcement, mental health professionals, social service agencies, and relevant treatment.

Drug court generally involves evaluating risk level and accommodating with proportionate supervision, drug testing, therapy, inpatient drug rehabilitation, and outpatient drug rehabilitation.{{Cite web|url=https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-drug-courts|title=Overview of Drug Courts | National Institute of Justice|website=nij.ojp.gov|access-date=2023-04-22|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421181326/https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-drug-courts|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=Overview of Drug Courts |url=https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-drug-courts |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=National Institute of Justice |language=en}} Some examples of general proportionate accommodation for offenders convicted under drug court would be mandated treatment under Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, addiction treatment centers, and specialized therapy by a substance abuse therapist. The criteria that must be met for adult drug court includes being over 18 at the time of the offense, United States citizen, guilty plea to a non-violent felony offense, no prior violent offenses, diagnosed chemical dependency, and willingness to comply with drug court.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/5/Public/Drug_Court/MCDC%20Documents/CMNPR_Policy_12-12.pdf|title=Minnesota Cornerstone Drug Court Policy Manual|access-date=2023-04-22|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421183017/https://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/5/Public/Drug_Court/MCDC%20Documents/CMNPR_Policy_12-12.pdf|url-status=live}} The purpose of drug court is to advance public safety and healthy communities by creating collaborative responses to crimes committed by individuals who suffer from chemical dependency. The argued reason for using drug court for drug offenders is that this method addresses some of the root causes of their criminal activity.

In 2008, the first veterans' court was created. Of the older such courts, usually Article I tribunals, is the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces which was founded in 1951 and functions as an appeal court for military and economic offences.

{{Further|Category:Courts by type}}

{{div col}}

• Court
• Ordinary court
• Extraordinary court
• Administrative court
• Admiralty court
• Business court
• Consumer court
• Community court
• Drug court
• Family court
• Juvenile court
• Labor court
• Patent court
• Social security tribunal
• Tax court
• Veterans' court

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist|2}}

• [https://e-justice.europa.eu/19/EN/national_specialised_courts List of National Specialised Courts in Europe, European e-Justice Portal]

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Category:Courts by type

Category:Judicial legal terminology