Srednekolymsk
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Srednekolymsk
|ru_name=Среднеколымск
|loc_name1=Орто Халыма
|loc_lang1=Yakut
|image_skyline=High school of srednekolymsk.jpg
|image_caption=
|coordinates = {{coord|67|27|20|N|153|42|15|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=left
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Srednekolymsk (Yakutia).svg
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Srednekolymsk (Yakutia).svg
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=September 15
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=Sakha Republic
|adm_district_jur=Srednekolymsky District
|adm_selsoviet_jur=Srednekolymsk
|adm_selsoviet_type=Town
|adm_ctr_of1=Srednekolymsky District
|adm_ctr_of2=Town of Srednekolymsk
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_type=Town under district jurisdiction
|mun_district_jur=Srednekolymsky Municipal District
|urban_settlement_jur=Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement
|mun_admctr_of1=Srednekolymsky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=Law #172-Z #351-III
|mun_admctr_of2=Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement
|leader_title=Hokage
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Keskil Nikolaev
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=Parbaala
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=3525
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=1644
|established_title=
|current_cat_date=1775
|current_cat_date_ref=
|postal_codes=678790, 678799
|dialing_codes=41156
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=
}}
{{Infobox
|bodystyle=width:23.5em
|title=Srednekolymsk population
|label1=2010 Census
|label2=2002 Census
|data2=3,587{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}
|label3=1989 Census
|data3=4,489{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}
|label4=1979 Census
|data4=3,309{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}}
}}
Srednekolymsk ({{langx|ru|Среднеколы́мск}}; {{langx|sah|Орто Халыма}}, Orto Xalıma) is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kolyma River, {{convert|1485|km|sp=us}} northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,525.{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
History
When the Russians arrived in the 1640s, they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymsk (i.e., lower, middle, and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by seagoing koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (ostrog) was founded in 1644Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic by Mikhail Stadukhin.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} Some{{who|date=February 2024}} say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but FisherRaymond H. Fisher. The Voyage of Semon Dezhnev, 1981 thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.
At some point the name was changed to Yarmanka, from the Russian word for "fair", referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was granted town status and its present name in 1775.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} In Imperial times, it was a destination for political exiles.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Srendekolymsk serves as the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District. As an inhabited locality, Srednekolymsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction. As an administrative division, it is, together with one rural locality (the selo of Lobuya), incorporated within Srednekolymsky District as the Town of Srednekolymsk. As a municipal division, the Town of Srednekolymsk is incorporated within Srednekolymsky Municipal District as Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement.Law #173-Z #353-III
Economy and infrastructure
=Transportation=
The town is served by the Srednekolymsk Airport {{airport codes|SEK}}. In the summer, river transport takes place, and in the winter, land transport can be performed on the ice.
Climate
Srednekolymsk has a dry and very cold subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), bordering on an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), featuring with mild, sometimes hot, even very hot, but short summers and extremely brutal winters with almost no snowfall. The winter lasts from October until May and temperatures rise rapidly enough for Dahurian larch trees to be able to grow during the fleeting summer, before falling rapidly again in August and September. Temperatures often do not exceed {{convert|0|C}} between late September and early May.
The midnight sun is above the horizon from 30 May to 13 July, the polar night last from 19 December to 24 December (6 days).
{{Weather box
|location=Srednekolymsk
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=-4.3
|Feb record high C=-3.3
|Mar record high C=2.8
|Apr record high C=14.6
|May record high C=28.4
|Jun record high C=33.5
|Jul record high C=36.7
|Aug record high C=32.2
|Sep record high C=24.6
|Oct record high C=13.6
|Nov record high C=5.1
|Dec record high C=-5.3
|year record high C=36.7
|Jan high C=−34.4
|Feb high C=−30.9
|Mar high C = −20.5
|Apr high C = −8.2
|May high C = 4.3
|Jun high C = 16.4
|Jul high C = 18.9
|Aug high C = 14.8
|Sep high C = 7.1
|Oct high C = −7.9
|Nov high C = −23.8
|Dec high C = −31.7
|year high C = −8.0
|Jan mean C = −37.9
|Feb mean C = −34.8
|Mar mean C = −26.7
|Apr mean C = −15.3
|May mean C = -1.1
|Jun mean C = 11.2
|Jul mean C = 13.9
|Aug mean C = 10.1
|Sep mean C = 3.2
|Oct mean C = −11.1
|Nov mean C = −27.2
|Dec mean C = −35.1
|year mean C = −12.6
|Jan low C = −41.4
|Feb low C = −38.7
|Mar low C = −32.9
|Apr low C = −22.4
|May low C = −6.4
|Jun low C = 5.9
|Jul low C = 8.8
|Aug low C = 5.4
|Sep low C = −0.8
|Oct low C = −14.3
|Nov low C = −30.5
|Dec low C = −38.5
|year low C = −17.1
|Jan record low C = -56.1
|Feb record low C = -56.0
|Mar record low C = -50.4
|Apr record low C = -42.4
|May record low C = -30.0
|Jun record low C = -10.9
|Jul record low C = -1.6
|Aug record low C = -5.1
|Sep record low C = -14.8
|Oct record low C = -36.1
|Nov record low C = -48.2
|Dec record low C = -53.5
|year record low C = -56.1
|Jan precipitation mm = 13
|Feb precipitation mm = 9
|Mar precipitation mm = 7
|Apr precipitation mm = 6
|May precipitation mm = 8
|Jun precipitation mm = 25
|Jul precipitation mm = 32
|Aug precipitation mm = 27
|Sep precipitation mm = 17
|Oct precipitation mm = 16
|Nov precipitation mm = 15
|Dec precipitation mm = 13
|source 1 = Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System{{cite web
| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/ru-sred1.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120406060918/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/ru-sred1.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = April 6, 2012
| title = RUS YAKUTSKAYA - SREDNE-KOLYMSK|access-date=November 19, 2011|publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas
}}
}}
References
=Notes=
{{Reflist}}
=Sources=
- Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. [http://sakha.gov.ru/node/12544 Srednekolymsky District]. {{in lang|ru}}
- {{RussiaAdmMunRef|sa|mun|list0}}
- {{RussiaAdmMunRef|sa|mun|list1}}
{{Sakha Republic}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
Category:Cities and towns in the Sakha Republic
Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia