Stagg Field

{{Short description|Football field at the University of Chicago, Illinois, US}}

{{about|the football field at the University of Chicago|the field at Springfield College|Stagg Field (Springfield College)|the former football stadium at the University of the Pacific|Stagg Memorial Stadium}}

File:Szilard and Hilberry.jpg scientists Leó Szilárd (right) and Norman Hilberry under a plaque commemorating CP-1 on the West Stands of Old Stagg Field. The experiment occurred inside the stands building at this location. The stands were demolished in 1957 and Stagg Field moved. A memorial quadrangle now marks this location]]

Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two successive football fields for the University of Chicago. Beyond sports, the first Stagg Field (1893–1957), named for famed coach, Alonzo Stagg, is remembered for its role in a landmark scientific achievement of Enrico Fermi and the Metallurgical Laboratory during the Manhattan Project. The site of the first artificial nuclear chain reaction, which occurred within the field's west viewing-stands structure, received designation as a National Historic Landmark on February 18, 1965. On October 15, 1966, which is the day that the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 was enacted creating the National Register of Historic Places, it was added to that as well.{{NRISref|version=2010a}} The site was named a Chicago Landmark on October 27, 1971.{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/Landmarks/S/SiteNuclear.html|access-date=March 31, 2007|publisher=City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division|year=2003|title=Site of the First Self-Sustaining Controlled Nuclear Chain Reaction}}

A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, in a small quadrangle commemorates the location of the nuclear experiment.[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=204&ResourceType=Site Site of First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405180502/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=204&ResourceType=Site |date=2015-04-05 }}, NHL Database, National Historic Landmarks Program. Retrieved 11 February 2007. The University's current Stagg Field a football, soccer, and track field is located a few blocks away and reuses one of the original gates.

First nuclear chain reaction

Chicago Pile-1, the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, was built in a squash court under the west stands of Stagg Field, which was by then no longer used for football.{{cite book |last=Zug |first=J. |year=2003 |title=Squash, A History of the Game |url=https://archive.org/details/squashhistoryofg0000zugj |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/squashhistoryofg0000zugj/page/135 135–136] |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-0-7432-2990-6}} The first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurred on December 2, 1942.

Sports venue

=First Stagg Field=

The first Stagg Field was a stadium at the University of Chicago in Chicago. It was located on a block bounded by 57th Street to the south, University Avenue to the east, and Ellis Avenue to the west. The stadium was primarily used for college football games, and was the home field of the Maroons. Stagg Field originally opened in 1893 as Marshall Field, named after Marshall Field who donated land to the university to build the stadium.{{Cite web|url=http://athletics.uchicago.edu/sports/fball/2017-18/media-guide|title = The University of Chicago Athletics}} In 1913, the field was renamed Stagg Field after their famous coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. The final capacity, after several stadium expansions, was 50,000. The University of Chicago discontinued its football program after 1939 and left the Big Ten Conference in 1946. The stadium was demolished in 1957,{{cite web | url = http://chicagomaroon.com/2009/03/05/the-way-things-work-nuclear-waste/ | title = The Way Things Work: Nuclear waste | access-date = 2012-06-18 | publisher = The Chicago Maroon}} and much of the stadium site was used as the site of Regenstein Library.File:Marshall_Field,_c._1900.png has not been erected at the time of this photo.]]

In addition to Maroons football, the stadium hosted other events. These include the 1893, 1898, 1913, 1923 and 1933 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, a regional qualifying meet for the US Olympic Trials for Track and Field held June 19–20, 1936 and the NCAA Men's Track and Field Championships in 1921, 1922, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, and 1936.

Northwestern also played a number of home games at Stagg Field. At the turn of the 20th century, Northwestern was unable to handle large crowds, so they hosted then-powerhouse Minnesota at Marshall Field for a 1901 game and a 1904 game. In 1925 (a year prior to the opening of Dyche Stadium, later known as Ryan Field) Northwestern again was unable to accommodate large crowds, and as a result played two games at Stagg Field. The first was a notable win over Michigan. The second was an October 24 game against Tulane that had originally been scheduled to be played at Soldier Field instead. Tulane won the game at Stagg Field 18-7.{{cite web|url=http://hailtopurple.com/cde/homesites.html|title=Historic Sites of All NU Home Games|website= hailtopurple.com|access-date=July 25, 2014}}

The University of Michigan fight song "The Victors" was written by Michigan music student Louis Elbel in 1898, following a last minute 12-11 Michigan victory over the University of Chicago at Stagg Field for the Western Conference championship.{{cite web |last = Shaker |first = Clay |date = September 21, 1998 |url = http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-21-98/news/news10.html |title = 'The Victors!' turns 100 years old |work = The Michigan Daily |access-date = March 6, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070213074801/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-21-98/news/news10.html |archive-date = February 13, 2007 }}{{cite news |last1 = Siegel |first1 = Alan |title = The 10 best fight songs in college football of 2014 |url = http://fanindex.usatoday.com/2014/09/01/the-10-best-fight-songs-in-college-football/ |access-date = September 30, 2016 |department = Fan Index |work = USA Today |date = September 1, 2014 }}

=New Stagg Field=

File:University of Chicago July 2013 41 (Stagg Field).jpg

The current Stagg Field is an athletic field located several blocks to the northwest that preserves the Stagg Field name, as well as a relocated gate from the original facility. The football field and the rest of the athletic complex are on a block bounded by 55th Street to the north, 56th Street to the south, Cottage Grove Avenue to the west, and Ellis Avenue well to the east. The school's current Division III football team uses the new field as their home. It is also home to the Chicago Maroons soccer, softball and outdoor track teams. Stagg Field has a seating capacity of 1,650, and the playing surface is made of FieldTurf.{{cite web | url = http://athletics.uchicago.edu/visitors/visitingguide.pdf | title = University of Chicago Ratner Center Visiting Guide | access-date = 2010-07-15 | publisher = University of Chicago, Athletics Department}}

References

External links

[http://photoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?show=browse2.xml|216 University of Chicago Photographic Archive] Photos of Old Stagg Field
[http://www.atomicarchive.com/Photos/CP1/index.shtml AtomicArchive.com] Photographs from assembling the pile
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/argonne/4446222744/in/set-72157624209376221/ Drawing of the first atomic pile] Artist drawing of CP-1
[http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/firstpile/index.shtml The Story of the First Pile]

Category:Athletics (track and field) venues in Chicago

Category:American football venues in Chicago

Category:Soccer venues in Chicago

Category:Softball venues in Chicago

Category:Chicago Maroons football

Category:College football venues in Illinois

Category:Defunct American football venues in the United States

Category:Defunct college football venues

Category:Sports venues in Chicago

Category:University of Chicago buildings

Category:College track and field venues in the United States

Category:Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois