State Border Guard

File:NBS parāde 11.novembra krastmalā (6357744387).jpg]]

File:Flag of the Border Guard of Latvia.svg

On November 18, 1918 the People's Council of Latvia proclaimed the independence of the Republic of Latvia as well declared temporary borders of the newly established state. For the purposes of their protection, on 7 November 1919 Jānis Balodis, Latvian Army Commander-in-Chief, issued an order to form border guard units. The activities of border guards were based on the internal border guarding provisional regulations of the People's Council, issued on 5 December 1918.

After the end of the Latvian War of Independence, on 8 November 1920 the Border Guard ({{Langx|lv|Robežapsardzība}}) was renamed to the Border Guard Division ({{Langx|lv|Robežsargu divīzija}}) and it was tasked with border protection duties.

On 2 February 1922, the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia decided to dissolve the Border Guard Division and to assign border guarding functions to the Ministry of the Interior. On 10 March of the same year, the newly established Border Police ({{Langx|lv|Robežpolicija}}) took over the border guarding functions from the Border Guard Division.

In 1935 the Cabinet adopted the Law on State Border Guarding. On 6 April 1935, a separate military unit – the Border Guard Brigade ({{Langx|lv|Robežsargu brigāde}}) was created within the Ministry of the Interior, with General Ludvigs Bolšteins appointed as its Commander.

Shortly before the Soviet occupation of Latvia in June 1940, members of the brigade were killed, wounded and taken prisoner by Soviet NKVD Troops during the Masļenki border incident. In protest over the dissolution of the agency, General Bolšteins committed suicide at his office. On 3 October 1940 Alfons Noviks, People's Commissar of the Interior of the Latvian SSR, signed an order on the disbandment of the Border Guard Battalions and discharge of border guards from their positions. On 10 October 1940 the Border Guard Brigade of the Republic of Latvia was dissolved by the Soviet occupation authorities.

After the restoration of the independence of Latvia on 4 May 1990, on 20 December 1990 the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia adopted a Law “On State Border of the Republic of Latvia”, but due to the transitional period towards independence that lasted until August 1991 in effect, Latvian border guard units were not yet restored. On 7 November 1991 the Presidium of the Supreme Council approved the "Regulations on the Order of Taking the Oath for Soldiers of the Republic of Latvia". On 11 November 1991 the first border guards of the restored Republic of Latvia took their oath in the Brothers' Cemetery of Riga.

13 December 1991 is the date of de facto re-establishment of the Latvian Border Guard, as by the order of the Minister of Defence of 13 December 1991 No. 4-V “On the Formation, Determination of Responsibilities, Structure and Staff of the Border Guard Battalions“ the Border Guard Military Units Board of the Republic of Latvia under the MoD was established, which then assumed control over the Border Guard Battalions, the Separate Border Control Point and Border Guard Training Center Military Units. The protection of the border was entrusted to seven Border Guard Battalions located at Valmiera, Viļaka, Ludza, Daugavpils, Jelgava, Liepāja, Ventspils and Riga Separate Border Control Points.

The protection duties by the new service started by organising checkpoints on roads and taking over the functions of Soviet Border Troops in ports and airports, based on the Council of Ministers’ decision of 29 January 1992 “On Ensuring the Takeover and Guarding of the State Border of the Republic of Latvia”. By the establishment of the Border Guard Battalions, work was started on the development of border defence infrastructure – physical border marking, creation of border control infrastructure, improvement of living conditions for border guards, drafting of regulations and rules.

By the order of the Minister of Defence of the Republic of Latvia from 1 February 1992, the Border Guard Brigade of Defence Forces of the Ministry of Defence ({{Langx|lv|Aizsardzības ministrijas Aizsardzības spēku Robežsargu brigāde}}) was established by merging the 7 existing border battalions, the Riga Separate Border Control Point and Vārve Training Centre.

By the order of Minister of Defence of 23 November 1995, the Border Guard Brigade of the National Armed Forces was reorganized into the Border Guard Forces ({{Langx|lv|Robežapsardzības spēki}}).

On 7 January 1997 the supervision of the Border Guard Forces was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior of Latvia. On 14 February 1997 the Border Guard Forces were renamed the Border Guard of the Ministry of the Interior, and on 1 May 1998 – the State Border Guard.

The border guard is led by the Chief of the Border Guard, which is appointed for a five-year term by the Ministry of the Interior after approval from the Cabinet of Ministers.

General Normunds Garbars lead the State Border Guard from 7 April 2009 to 22 January 2019, when he retired after reaching the maximum age limit. He was succeeded by General Guntis Pujāts, who previously served as Deputy Chief since 2018.{{Cite web|title=General Guntis Pujāts made chief of Border Guard|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/society/general-guntis-pujats-made-chief-of-border-guard.a306134/|date=2019-01-15|website=Public Broadcasting of Latvia|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}

{{Expand list|date=February 2018}}

• Nissan Pathfinder{{cite web |title=Robežsardze saņēma 87 jaunas dienesta automašīnas |url=http://www.rs.gov.lv/?id=1031&top=0&rel=3611 |website=www.rs.gov.lv |access-date=30 May 2018 |language=lv}}
• Toyota Hilux
• Renault Kangoo
• Arctic Cat ATVs{{cite web |title=Robežsargu diena Ludzas pārvaldē |url=http://www.rs.gov.lv/?id=35&top=0&rel=5285 |website=www.rs.gov.lv |access-date=30 May 2018 |language=lv}}
• Polaris snowmobiles

• 2 x AgustaWestland A109 Power{{cite web |title=Ministry of the Interior of Latvia Orders A109 Power Helicopters for Border Guard |url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/69396/latvia-orders-a109p-helos-for-border-guard-(jun-5).html |website=www.defense-aerospace.com |publisher=Briganti et Associés |access-date=6 August 2018 |date=5 June 2006}}
• 2 x AgustaWestland AW119 Kx{{cite web |title=Svinīgos apstākļos pieņēma jauniegādātos gaisa kuģus un jūras patruļkuterus |url=http://www.rs.gov.lv/?rel=6206&id=1031&top=-6 |website=rs.gov.lv |language=lv |date=23 December 2019}}
• 2 x Bell JetRanger (being replaced)

• List of national border guard agencies

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Border Guard of Latvia}}
• [http://www.rs.gov.lv/ State Border Guard official website]

{{European Border and Coast Guard|state=expanded}}

Latvia

Category:Borders of Latvia

Category:Law enforcement agencies of Latvia