Stegastes

The largest species in the genus is S. acapulcoensis, which grows to a maximum length of {{convert|17|cm|0|abbr=on}}, while the smallest is S. pictus at {{convert|7.5|cm|1|abbr=on}}.

{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Stegastes |title=Stegastes |publisher=FishBase |access-date=2014-01-08}} Members of this genus are deep-bodied and laterally flattened fish with forked tails. The head has a blunt snout, a small, terminal mouth, a nostril on each side of the face, and large eyes. The lateral line does not run the full length of the body and has gaps in it. A single large dorsal fin is present and the anal fin has two, or rarely three, spines. The colour varies with the species and sometimes varies in different parts of the fish's range. Juvenile fish tend to have bright colours which are completely different from the appearance of adults of that species.{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=350 |title=Family Pomacentridae - Damselfishes |publisher=FishBase |access-date=2014-01-08}} The brown color of Stegastes apicalis was shown to arise from melanosomes containing pheomelanin{{cite journal |vauthors=Mouchet SR, Cortesi F, Bokic B, Lazovic V, Vukusic P, Marshall NJ, Kolaric B |year=2023 |title=Morphological and Optical Modification of Melanosomes in Fish Integuments upon Oxidation | journal = Optics | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 563–562 | date = November 2023 | doi = 10.3390/opt4040041 | doi-access = free }} unlike most fish species's melanosomes that contain eumelanin.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kottler VA, Künstner A, Schartl M |year=2015 |title=Pheomelanin in fish? | journal = Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. | volume = 28 |issue=3 | pages = 355–356 |doi=10.1111/pcmr.12359 |pmid=25660115 }}

These damselfish feed on filamentous algae which make up about 90% of their diet, although they may consume detritus and some invertebrate material, possibly ingesting it accidentally with the algae. They are territorial and cultivate the algae, guarding their garden from other fish.{{cite journal |author1=Ferreiraa, Carlos Eduardo L. |author2=Gonçalves, José Eduardo A. |author3=Coutinho, Ricardo |author4=Pereta, Alberto C. |year=1998 |title=Herbivory by the Dusky Damselfish Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830) in a tropical rocky shore: effects on the benthic community |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=229 |issue=2 |pages=241–264 |doi=10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00056-2 |bibcode=1998JEMBE.229..241F }} Most species of Stegastes live a solitary existence, though some live in association with a member of the opposite sex and a few form loose aggregations of a small number of individuals. They tend not to face too much competition from other fish because of the very shallow water in which they live and because their habitat is not actually on reefs, but is near them, among boulders, dead branching corals, man-made structures, and junk. Most species are very aggressive and attack anything that moves into their territory, including nipping divers to drive them away.{{cite web |url=http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-12/hcs3/ |title=Fish Tales |author=Henry C. Schultz III |publisher=Reefkeeping |access-date=2014-01-08}}

Their behaviour changes somewhat during the breeding season. The male prepares a nesting site by cleaning a smooth piece of rock, removing algae and debris, and removing or driving away from the vicinity unwanted invertebrates such as starfish and sea urchins. He then signals his readiness to breed by changing hue and displaying his brighter colours. A female that accepts his advances lays a single layer of eggs which she attaches to the prepared rock. The male fertilises them and then stays to guard them, removing any debris that lands on them or unfertilised eggs and fanning the developing embryos with his fins to keep them well oxygenated. The eggs hatch in about a week, the larvae drifting away as part of the plankton. About a month later, they settle to the seabed and undergo metamorphosis into juveniles, well away from the territories occupied by the adults.

Stegastes species may be offered to new aquarists on the grounds that they are easy to care for. They will indeed tolerate poor water quality and feed on the algae which is often a nuisance in reef tanks, but because of their aggressive behaviour, they should not be kept with other fish, especially smaller ones.

FishBase lists the following species:{{FishBase genus|genus=Stegastes|month=April|year=2025}}

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Category:Pomacentrinae

Category:Marine fish genera

Category:Taxa named by Leonard Jenyns