Stewart Rhodes

Elmer Stewart Rhodes III was born in 1966{{Cite news |title=Elmer Stewart Rhodes |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/elmer-stewart-rhodes |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en}} in Fresno, California.{{Cite news |last=Fawcett |first=Eliza |date=2022-11-21 |title=From Yale Law to Oath Keepers: Stewart Rhodes's Unlikely Journey |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/21/us/stewart-rhodes-oath-keepers-yale-law.html |access-date=2022-11-29}} His father was a U.S. Marine, and his mother worked on a farm. Rhodes wrote about his father abandoning his mother and him when he was three years old and that he grew up with his mother and her Mexican-American family. In a 2008 blog post, Rhodes described himself as "mixed-race" and said he had "American-Indian" and Hispanic maternal ancestors.

Rhodes attended high school in Las Vegas, then joined the U.S. Army and was honorably discharged after seven months, the result of a spinal injury sustained during airborne school.{{cite news |first1=Mike |last1=Giglio |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/right-wing-militias-civil-war/616473/ |title=A Pro-Trump Militant Group Has Recruited Thousands of Police, Soldiers, and Veterans |website=The Atlantic |date=30 September 2020 |access-date=May 25, 2023}}{{cite news |last=Maimon |first=Alan |date=October 18, 2009 |title=Ready To Revolt: Oath Keepers pledges to prevent dictatorship in United States |work=Las Vegas Review-Journal |url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/oath-keepers-pledges-to-prevent-dictatorship-in-united-states-64690232.html |access-date=October 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025165226/http://www.lvrj.com/news/oath-keepers-pledges-to-prevent-dictatorship-in-united-states-64690232.html |archive-date=October 25, 2009}}

After attending community college, Rhodes switched to studying political science at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, while parking cars to make money. After graduating in 1998, he worked as a staffer for Republican Congressman Ron Paul. Rhodes volunteered for Paul's 2008 presidential campaign and later complained that political opponents of Paul linked Paul to hate groups and racists.

In 2001, at 35,{{Cite magazine |last=Giglio |first=Mike |date=2022-12-07 |title=What the Conviction of Stewart Rhodes Means for Right-Wing Militancy |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/what-the-conviction-of-stewart-rhodes-means-for-right-wing-militancy |access-date=2022-12-08 |magazine=The New Yorker}} Rhodes enrolled in Yale Law School.{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=The founder of a far-right militia once warned of federal tyranny. Then came Trump. |first=Josh |last=Lederman |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/founder-far-right-militia-once-warned-federal-tyranny-then-came-n1256546 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=NBC News}} He became dissatisfied with what he perceived as eroding rights in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Rhodes taught a self-defense class, and his research paper about enemy combatants' classification during the presidency of George W. Bush won an award in his final year at Yale. He graduated in 2004.

After graduating from Yale, Rhodes clerked for Michael D. Ryan, an associate justice at the Arizona Supreme Court. As a lawyer, he worked in various western U.S. states.{{Cite news |date=2022-11-29 |title=Oath Keepers: 'How I escaped my father's militia' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63709446 |access-date=2022-11-30}}

On December 8, 2015, Rhodes was disbarred by the Montana Supreme Court for conduct violating the Montana Rules of Professional Conduct after refusing to respond to two bar grievances filed against him in the federal district court of Arizona.{{cite web |title=In the Matter of Elmer S. Rhodes |url=https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/294380213 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |work=Montana Supreme Court |date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410233753/https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/294380213 |via=scribd.com |access-date=May 29, 2023}}{{cite news |title=Oath Keepers leader disbarred by Montana Supreme Court in 2015 |url=https://www.ktvh.com/oath-keeper-leader-disbarred-by-montana-supreme-court |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=KTVH |date=14 January 2022}}

File:Former Alt News Founder Brian Hill with Alex Jones of Infowars and Stewart Rhodes of Oath Keepers organization.jpg (center), 2012]]

Rhodes founded the Oath Keepers in March 2009.{{Cite web |last=Knutson |first=Jacob |date=2022-11-29 |title=Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes found guilty of seditious conspiracy over Jan. 6 riot |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/11/29/stewart-rhodes-oath-keepers-trial-jan-6 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Axios}}{{cite news |last=Acosta |first=Jim |date=November 18, 2009 |title=Who are the Oathkeepers |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2009/11/18/am.acosta.militia.oathkeepers.cnn |access-date=November 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119003612/http://www.cnn.com/video/ |archive-date=November 19, 2009}}{{cite news |date=October 22, 2009 |title=Incorporation Information for the Oath Keepers, Inc. |url=http://sos.state.nv.us/sosentitysearch/CorpDetails.aspx?lx8nvq=s8EtUq7rLzqNBvRDF%252b%252fglQ%253d%253d&nt7=0 |access-date=November 18, 2009 |work=Nevada Secretary of State |publisher=State of Nevada |volume=E0559982009-3}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20160919235521/http://nvsos.gov/sos] The organization was launched in Lexington, Massachusetts, at the location of the first American Revolutionary War battle.

Under his leadership in 2013, the Oath Keepers instructed its members to form "Citizen Preservation" teams, which included militias, to operate in communities across the U.S. meant to defend citizens against the government intentionally letting the country descend into chaos and then declaring martial law and scrapping the constitution, stating that "They are preparing to control and contain us, and to shoot us, but not preparing to feed us."{{Cite news |last=Dickson |first=Caitlin |date=2013-10-15 |title=Oath Keepers: Bring On the Collapse! |language=en |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/15/oath-keepers-bring-on-the-collapse |access-date=2021-12-31}}{{Cite web |date=2013-10-05 |work=Oath Keepers |title=Oath Keepers is Going "Operational" by Forming Special "Civilization Preservation" Teams |url=https://www.oathkeepers.org/oath/2013/10/01/oath-keepers-is-going-operational-by-forming-special-civilization-preservation-teams/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005013018/https://www.oathkeepers.org/oath/2013/10/01/oath-keepers-is-going-operational-by-forming-special-civilization-preservation-teams/ |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=2021-12-31}}

Rhodes has collaborated with the states' rights groups the Tenth Amendment Center and the Northwest Patriots. The Southern Poverty Law Center identifies him as an "extremist".{{cite news |date=August 11, 2015 |title=Oath Keepers: What anti-hate groups are saying about them |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/oath-keepers-what-anti-hate-groups-are-saying-about-them/wsLYQ3aNLtFsAVgxnuJUxM/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301071417/https://www.ajc.com/news/national/oath-keepers-what-anti-hate-groups-are-saying-about-them/wsLYQ3aNLtFsAVgxnuJUxM/ |archive-date=March 1, 2021}}

Rhodes is reported to have taken inspiration from the notion that Adolf Hitler could have been stopped if German soldiers and police had refused to follow orders.{{Cite news |last=Fowler |first=Sarah |date=August 12, 2015 |title=Ferguson unrest: Who are the mysterious 'Oath Keepers'? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33867245 |url-status=live |access-date=August 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813031003/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33867245 |archive-date=August 13, 2015}}

Rhodes has promoted the discredited theory of nullification, asserting that U.S. states may disregard federal laws.

{{Main|Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election}}

For two months after the 2020 United States presidential election, Rhodes encouraged his supporters to reject Joe Biden as the incoming president.{{cite news |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |title=Jury convicts Oath Keepers leader of seditious conspiracy |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/29/stewart-rhodes-oath-keepers-verdict-00071248 |work=Politico |access-date=May 29, 2023 |date=29 November 2022}} Rhodes spoke of a need to take up weapons to prevent Biden's inauguration and launched a campaign to persuade then-President Donald Trump to invoke the Insurrection Act of 1807 and deploy the military and the Oath Keepers as a militia.

{{Main|Planning of the January 6 United States Capitol attack#Oath Keepers|Oath Keepers#Participation in the January 6 United States Capitol attack|January 6 United States Capitol attack}}

{{2021 United States Capitol attack|expanded=List}}

On November 7, 2020, after the election had been called for Biden, Rhodes joined a Roger Stone text chat group, asking: "What's the plan?"{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/10/08/oath-keepers-trial-stone-rhodes/ |title=From Serbia to Roger Stone, Oath Keepers trial traces threads of alleged Jan. 6 plot |first1=Spencer S. |last1=Hsu |first2=Rachel |last2=Weiner |date=2022-10-08 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=2023-05-29 }}

On December 12, 2020, Rhodes spoke at a pro-Trump rally in Washington, D.C., along with speakers including Michael Flynn, Sebastian Gorka, Alex Jones, podcaster David Harris Jr., Nick Fuentes, and Mike Lindell.{{Cite web |title=4 Stabbed, 33 Arrested After Trump Supporters, Counterprotesters Clash In D.C. |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/12/945825924/trump-supporters-arrive-in-washington-once-again-for-a-million-maga-march |website=NPR |date=December 12, 2020 |access-date=March 1, 2021 |last1=Slotkin |first1=Jason |last2=Nuyen |first2=Suzanne |last3=Doubek |first3=James}}{{Cite news |title=Multiple people stabbed after thousands gather for pro-Trump demonstrations in Washington |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-dc-rally-maga/2020/12/11/8b5af818-3bdb-11eb-bc68-96af0daae728_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 12, 2020 |access-date=March 1, 2021 |last1=Davies |first1=Emily |last2=Weiner |first2=Rachel |last3=Williams |first3=Clarence |last4=Lang |first4=Marissa J. |last5=Contrera |first5=Jessica |archive-date=December 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212164712/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-dc-rally-maga/2020/12/11/8b5af818-3bdb-11eb-bc68-96af0daae728_story.html |url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |title=Trump supporters chant 'destroy the GOP' at a rally in Washington DC, after Republican officials in Georgia refused to back the president's bid to overturn the election |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/video-trump-supporters-chant-destroy-the-gop-after-georgia-decision-2020-12 |website=Business Insider |date=December 13, 2020 |access-date=March 1, 2021 |last=Porter |first=Tom}}{{Cite web |title= #StopTheSteal: Timeline of Social Media and Extremist Activities Leading to 1/6 Insurrection |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/74622/stopthesteal-timeline-of-social-media-and-extremist-activities-leading-to-1-6-insurrection/ |website=Just Security |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=March 3, 2021 |author=((Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab)) |author-link=Atlantic Council}} Rhodes called on Trump to invoke the Insurrection Act of 1807 and warned that not doing so would lead to a "much more bloody war".

In the days before January 6, 2021, Rhodes and others traveled to Washington, D.C., where they armed themselves with firearms and tactical gear. En route to D.C., Rhodes personally spent US$20,000 to purchase "a small arsenal".{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/17/us/politics/oath-keepers-weapons-jan-6.html |title=Oath Keepers Leader Bought Arsenal of Weapons Ahead of Jan. 6 |first1=Alan |last1=Feuer |first2=Zach |last2=Montague |date=2022-10-17 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2023-05-29}} On January 6, 2021, Rhodes entered "restricted Capitol grounds", where he directed Oath Keepers members via telephone and text, telling them which positions to take around the building.{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/oath-keepers-facing-seditious-conspiracy-trial-us-capitol-attack-2022-09-20/|title=Factbox: Who are the Oath Keepers on trial for the Jan. 6 U.S. Capitol attack? |first1=Chris |last1=Gallagher |first2=Sarah N. |last2=Lynch |date=2022-11-22 |website=Reuters|access-date=2023-05-29 }}

Four days after the attack, Rhodes attended a meeting where he was recorded as saying: "My only regret is that they should have brought rifles... We should have brought rifles. We could have fixed it right then and there. I'd hang fucking Pelosi from the lamppost."{{cite web |first=John |last=Woolley |date=2022-11-02 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oath-keepers-trial-pelosi-trump/ |title=In FBI recording from Jan. 10, 2021, Oath Keepers' Stewart Rhodes talked about hanging Pelosi "from the lamppost" |website=CBS News |access-date=2023-05-29 }}

On January 13, 2022, Rhodes and nine other members of the Oath Keepers were arrested and charged with seditious conspiracy.{{cite news |first1=Alan |last1=Feuer |first2=Adam |last2=Goldman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/13/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113191215/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/13/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes.html |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Oath Keepers Leader Charged With Conspiracy in Jan. 6 Investigation|date=January 13, 2021|access-date=January 13, 2021|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en}} On November 29, 2022, after a nine-week trial, along with Kelly Meggs, Rhodes was convicted of seditious conspiracy and evidence tampering regarding the January 6, 2021, United States Capitol attack.{{cite news |first1=Spencer S. |last1=Hsu |first2=Tom |last2=Jackman |first3=Rachel |last3=Weiner |date=November 29, 2022 |title=Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes guilty of seditious conspiracy |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/11/29/rhodes-oathkeepers-sedition-verdict-jan6/ |access-date=May 29, 2023}} Their conviction was the first for seditious conspiracy since 1995.{{Cite news |date=2022-12-12 |title=Oath Keepers talked of guerrilla war, second trial hears |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63912188 |access-date=2022-12-13}} Prosecutors sought a 25-year sentence, which included a terrorism sentencing enhancement.{{cite news |last1=Reilly |first1=Ryan J. |title=U.S. seek 25 years for Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes in seditious conspiracy case |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/feds-seek-25-years-oath-keepers-founder-stewart-rhodes-seditious-consp-rcna83264 |work=NBC News |date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=May 29, 2023}} On May 25, 2023, Rhodes received an 18-year sentence, and Meggs received a 12-year sentence.{{Cite web |last1=Rabinowitz |first1=Hannah |last2=Polantz |first2=Katelyn |date=2023-05-25 |title=Oath Keepers leader Stewart Rhodes sentenced to 18 years in prison for plot to keep Trump in power |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/25/politics/oath-keepers-sentencing-stewart-rhodes-kelly-meggs/index.html |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=CNN Politics |language=en}}{{cite web |last1=Buchman |first1=Brandi |title=Prison sentences aplenty: Oath Keepers see dates set for sentencing |url=https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2023/2/6/2151369/-sentencing-dates-set-for-stewart-rhodes-and-fellow-oath-keepers-another-oath-keeper-trial-underway |website=Daily Kos |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206230224if_/https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2023/2/6/2151369/-sentencing-dates-set-for-stewart-rhodes-and-fellow-oath-keepers-another-oath-keeper-trial-underway |archive-date=6 Feb 2023 |date=6 Feb 2023 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes sentenced to 18 years for seditious conspiracy in Jan. 6 attack |url=https://www.wsoctv.com/news/politics/oath-keepers-founder/INRKTCL67ITMPR74OSOVYR73DM/ |first1=Michael |last1=Kunzelman |first2=Alanna Durkin |last2=Richer |first3=Lindsay |last3=Whitehurst |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=WSOC TV |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526145501/https://www.wsoctv.com/news/politics/oath-keepers-founder/INRKTCL67ITMPR74OSOVYR73DM/ |url-status=dead}} Although Rhodes's sentence was the longest handed down, as of that time, to any of the charged conspirators,{{cite news | last =Lynch | first =Sarah N. | title = Oath Keepers founder gets 18 years in prison, longest Jan. 6 sentence yet | newspaper=Reuters | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =May 25, 2023 | url = https://www.reuters.com/legal/oath-keepers-founder-faces-sentencing-sedition-us-capitol-attack-2023-05-25/| accessdate =May 26, 2023}} the Department of Justice on July 12, 2023, filed a notice of its intention to appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for longer terms for Rhodes and his co-defendants.{{cite web |last1=Polantz |first1=Katelyn |last2=Rabinowitz |first2=Hannah |title=Justice Department appealing prison sentences given to convicted Oath Keepers members |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/12/politics/doj-appeals-oath-keepers-sentences/index.html |website=CNN.com |date=July 13, 2023 |publisher=CNN |access-date=17 July 2023}} Rhodes, Meggs, and the other convicted Oath Keepers also filed their appeals. If unsuccessful, they would have been on three years' supervised release following their prison terms.{{cite press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/court-sentences-two-oath-keepers-leaders-18-years-prison-seditious-conspiracy-and-other |title=Court Sentences Two Oath Keepers Leaders to 18 Years in Prison on Seditious Conspiracy and Other Charges Related to U.S. Capitol Breach |work=United States Attorney for the District of Columbia |date=May 25, 2023 |access-date=May 29, 2023}} When released, Rhodes served his sentence at Federal Correctional Institution, Cumberland.{{Cite web |title=Inmate Locator |url=https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.bop.gov}}

On January 20, 2025, Rhodes and several other individuals involved in the January 6 United States Capitol attack received presidential commutations of their sentences on the first day of the second term of President Donald Trump.{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Davis |date=2025-01-21 |title=GRANTING PARDONS AND COMMUTATION OF SENTENCES FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES RELATING TO THE EVENTS AT OR NEAR THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL ON JANUARY 6, 2021 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/granting-pardons-and-commutation-of-sentences-for-certain-offenses-relating-to-the-events-at-or-near-the-united-states-capitol-on-january-6-2021/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=The White House |language=en-US}} On January 24, 2025 Rhodes and seven other Oath Keepers were forbidden by the D.C. District Court from entering Washington D.C or the grounds of the Capitol without the permission of the court order.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Court Sentences Two Oath Keepers Leaders on Seditious Conspiracy and Other Charges Related to U.S. Capitol Breach {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/court-sentences-two-oath-keepers-leaders-seditious-conspiracy-and-other-charges-related-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124112854/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/court-sentences-two-oath-keepers-leaders-seditious-conspiracy-and-other-charges-related-us |url-status=dead |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2025-01-25 }}{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Devan |date=2025-01-24 |title=Judge bars Oath Keepers released from prison by Trump from entering DC or US Capitol grounds without permission |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/24/politics/oath-keepers-barred-from-entering-dc-us-capitol-grounds/index.html |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=CNN |language=en}} On January 27, the order restricting Rhodes' D.C. travel was rescinded.{{cite web |last1=Feuer |first1=Alan |title=Oath Keepers Leader's Travel Restrictions Lifted With New U.S. Attorney's Help |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/27/us/politics/rhodes-oath-keepers-dc-capitol-trump.html?searchResultPosition=2 |work=The New York Times |date=January 27, 2025 |access-date=27 January 2025}}

Rhodes married Tasha Adams in 1994 after meeting her a few years earlier in Las Vegas.{{Cite news |last=Drew |first=Micah |date=October 4, 2022 |title=Broken oaths: Stewart Rhodes' estranged Montana family reflects on militia life |url=https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/broken-oaths-stewart-rhodes-estranged-montana-family-reflects-on-militia-life/article_53f45ccc-4410-11ed-aed0-b7b7f2701665.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |newspaper=Billings Gazette |language=en}} When they met, Adams was 18 years old and working at an Arthur Murray Dance studio, and Rhodes was a 25-year-old college student. Adams worked as an exotic dancer to financially support Rhodes' education during their marriage.{{Cite news |last=Wilber |first=Del Quentin |date=13 November 2021 |title=An Oath Keeper's wife feels the sting of Jan. 6 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/los-angeles-times/20211113/281509344430803 |access-date=2022-11-30 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}} Before their marriage, Rhodes accidentally shot himself in the face with a .22 handgun after dropping it, leaving him using a prosthetic eyeball.

Adams filed for divorce in 2018, accusing Rhodes of emotional and physical abuse. The divorce was granted days before Rhodes was sentenced for his part in the January 6 attack.{{Cite web |title=Stewart Rhodes' Ex-Wife on The Oath Keepers And His 18-Year Sentence |date=May 26, 2023 |first1=Micah |last1=Loewinger |first2=Anna |last2=Sale |url=https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/tasha-adams-fleeing-ex-husband-founder-oath-keepers-on-the-media |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=On The Media |language=en}} Adams and Rhodes have six children, including Dakota Adams, their eldest son, who uses his mother's maiden name;Amy Beth Hanson, [https://apnews.com/article/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-dakota-adams-montana-e0b46f25dfe319afe29617fd7325eb10 Oath Keepers’ son emerges from traumatic childhood to tell his own story in a long shot election bid], Associated Press (March 24, 2024). Sequoia Adams; and Sedona Adams.{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Oath Keepers Leader Stewart Rhodes' Children Speak |date=May 12, 2022 |first=Jason |last=Wilson |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2022/05/12/exclusive-oath-keepers-leader-stewart-rhodes-children-speak |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en}} The family lived in New Haven and several states in the Western United States.

Dakota Adams has said that his father was abusive to him, his mother, and his siblings; he stated that Rhodes has sabotaged his children's homeschooling and that the family "lived in extreme isolation in one particular cultural bubble in increasingly paranoid and militant right-wing political spheres everywhere we moved in the country until eventually we ended up in Montana." Rhodes required them to line up with their backs to him at ATMs and gas pumps to look for assassins and unload groceries from the family vehicle one-armed to have hands free in case of attack.{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Robin |author1-link=Robin Young |title=Oath Keeper Stewart Rhodes' son is running as a Democrat for Montana House seat |url=https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2024/04/10/dakota-adams-oath-keepers-son |publisher=WBUR|work=Here & Now |access-date=12 April 2024 |date=April 10, 2024}} The children suffered severe medical neglect and were illiterate, and Dakota only learned his multiplication tables at age 19 so that he could pass his high school equivalency test. In the spring of 2024, Dakota Adams announced he was running for the Montana House of Representatives.

• Criminal proceedings in the January 6 United States Capitol attack
• List of University of Nevada, Las Vegas, alumni
• List of Yale Law School alumni

{{Clear}}

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Stewart Rhodes}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Luke |first1=Timothy W |title=Three Decades of Civil War in the United States: 'Don't Tread on Me' |journal=Telos |date=2022 |volume=2022 |issue=198 |pages=141–148 |doi=10.3817/0322198141 |s2cid=247475451}}
• {{cite book |doi=10.7312/jack19344 |title=Oath Keepers |year=2020 |last1=Jackson |first1=Sam |isbn=978-0-231-55031-4 |s2cid=240873360}}

{{Oath Keepers}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhodes, Stewart}}

Category:1966 births

Category:Living people

Category:20th-century American military personnel

Category:21st-century American lawyers

Category:American conspiracy theorists

Category:American people convicted of seditious conspiracy

Category:American people of Mexican descent

Category:American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent

Category:American shooting survivors

Category:Convicted participants in the January 6 United States Capitol attack

Category:Disbarred American lawyers

Category:Latino conservatism in the United States

Category:Members of the Oath Keepers

Category:Montana lawyers

Category:Oath Keepers

Category:Organization founders

Category:People from Fresno, California

Category:Sovereign citizen movement individuals

Category:United States Army soldiers

Category:University of Nevada, Las Vegas alumni

Category:Yale Law School alumni

Category:Commutations granted by Donald Trump