Stolzite

{{Infobox mineral

| name = Stolzite

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| boxbgcolor =#9c4f11

| boxtextcolor = #fff

| image = Stolzite-t07-25b.jpg

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| caption = Stolzite, Broken Hill, Australia (size: 3.6 x 3.0 x 2.6 cm)

| category = Tungstate minerals

| formula = PbWO₄

| IMAsymbol = Sz{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}

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| strunz = 7.GA.05

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| system = Tetragonal

| class = Dipyramidal (4/m)
H-M symbol: (4/m)

| symmetry = I4₁/a

| unit cell = a = 5.461, c = 12.049 [Å]; Z = 4

| color = Reddish brown, brown, yellowish gray, smoky gray, straw-yellow, lemon-yellow; may be green, orange, red

| colour =

| habit = Crystals dipyramidal to tabular

| twinning =

| cleavage = Imperfect on {001}, indistinct on {011}

| fracture = Conchoidal to uneven

| tenacity = Brittle

| mohs = 2.5–3

| luster = Resinous, subadamantine

| streak = White

| diaphaneity = Translucent to transparent

| gravity = 8.34

| density =

| polish =

| opticalprop = Uniaxial (−)

| refractive = n_ω = 2.270 n_ε = 2.180 – 2.190

| birefringence = δ = 0.090

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| references = [https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Stolzite Mineralienatlas][http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/stolzite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy][http://www.webmineral.com/data/Stolzite.shtml Wevmineral data]

}}

Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula PbWO₄. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. Stolzite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is dimorphous with the monoclinic form raspite.[http://www.mindat.org/min-3794.html Mindat.org]

File:Stolzite-174595.jpg (size: 2.0 × 1.7 × 1.6 cm)]]

Lead tungstate crystals have the optical transparency of glass combined with much higher density (8.28 g/cm³ vs ~2.2 g/cm³ for fused silica). They are used as scintillators in particle physics because of their short radiation length (0.89 cm), low Molière radius (2.2 cm), quick scintillation response, and radiation hardness.{{cite book|last1=The CMS Collaboration|year=2006|chapter=Chapter 1. Introduction|title=CMS Physics : Technical Design Report Volume 1: Detector Performance and Software|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/922757|publisher=CERN|page=14|isbn=9789290832683|quote=CMS has chosen lead tungstate scintillating crystals for its ECAL. These crystals have short radiation (X0 = 0.89 cm) and Moliere (2.2 cm) lengths, are fast (80% of the light is emitted within 25 ns) and radiation hard (up to 10 Mrad).}} Lead tungstate crystals are used in the Compact Muon Solenoid's electromagnetic calorimeter.

It was first described in 1820 by August Breithaupt, who called it Scheelbleispath and then by François Sulpice Beudant in 1832, who called it scheelitine. In 1845, Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger coined the name stolzite for an occurrence in the Ore Mountains, Bohemia (today the Czech Republic), naming it after Joseph Alexi Stolz of Teplice in Bohemia. It occurs in oxidized hydrothermal tungsten-lead ore deposits typically in association with raspite, cerussite, anglesite, pyromorphite and mimetite.