Stoner rock#Terminology

Stoner rock is typically slow-to-mid tempo and features a heavily distorted, groove-laden bass-heavy sound,{{cite web |url = http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss |title = MusicMight – Kyuss biography |access-date = 2007-12-10 |last = Sharpe-Young |first = Garry |publisher = MusicMight |quote = [Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound... |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192246/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss |archive-date = 3 March 2016}} melodic vocals, and "retro" production.{{cite web |url = {{AllMusic|class=style|id=stoner-metal-ma0000011961|pure_url=yes}} |title = Stoner Metal |access-date = 2009-05-22 |publisher = AllMusic |quote = Stoner metal could be campy and self-aware, messily evocative, or unabashedly retro.}} Due to the similarities between stoner and sludge metal, there is often a crossover between the two genres. This hybrid has traits of both styles,{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=gateway-mw0000229075|pure_url=yes}} |title=Bongzilla – Gateway |author=Serba, John |quote=...sounding like a cross between Sleep's drowsy, Black Sabbath-like meanderings and Electric Wizard/Burning Witch-style gut-curdling, muddy sludge. |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2008-09-02}}{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=kylesa-mn0000090988|pure_url=yes}} |title=Kylesa |author=Mason, Stewart |quote=...elements of hardcore punk, psychedelic stoner rock, technical speed metal, and good old-fashioned Black Sabbath sludge appear in their music. |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2008-09-02}} but generally lacks stoner metal's laid back atmosphere and its usage of psychedelia. Bands such as Weedeater,{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=weedeater-mn0000239768|pure_url=yes}} |title=Weedeater |author=Rivadavia, Eduardo |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2008-09-01}} High on Fire{{cite web |url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/18493/High_on_Fire_Surrounded_by_Thieves |title=High on Fire – Surrounded by Thieves |author=Violante, Isaiah |quote=...manufacturing that sludgy, choleric sound... |work=Pitchfork Media |access-date=2008-09-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207060955/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/18493/High_on_Fire_Surrounded_by_Thieves |archive-date=7 December 2008}}[http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/san+francisco/high+on+fire MusicMight: High on Fire biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615051321/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/san+francisco/high+on+fire |date=15 June 2012 }} and Electric Wizard creatively fuse both styles.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=electric-wizard-mn0000164175|pure_url=yes}} |title=Electric Wizard |author1=Rivadavia, Eduardo |author2=Koets, Tara |name-list-style=amp |quote=...it so effortlessly bridged the stylistic gaps between doom, sludge, stoner, horror, and, at times, even space metal... |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2008-09-02}}

The descriptor "stoner rock" may originate from the title of the 1997 Roadrunner Records compilation Burn One Up! Music for Stoners.{{cite news |title=News: StonerRock.com and MeteorCity Part Ways |url=http://www.bravewords.com/news/13824 |publisher=Bravewords.com |date=19 May 2004 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009112910/http://www.bravewords.com/news/13824 |url-status=dead }} Desert rock is also used interchangeably as a descriptor, and was coined by a MeteorCity Records intern, around the time the label released the 1998 stoner rock compilation Welcome to MeteorCity; however, not all stoner rock bands would fall under the descriptor of "desert rock", since bands under this subgenre tend to include more hard rock characteristics.{{cite news|last1=Lynskey|first1=Dorian|title=Kyuss: Kings of the stoner age|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/25/kyuss-stoner-queens-stone-age|work=The Guardian|date=25 March 2011 |access-date=18 December 2014}}{{cite thesis |last=Burke |first=David |title=Political Expression in Doom Metal |url=https://www.academia.edu/37823045 |date=2018 |type=MA |institution=University of Southampton |access-date=24 December 2020}}

File:Cannabis_sativa_2.jpg

The involvement of cannabis in the creation of "stoner rock/metal" can range among bands in the genre. Bands such as Sleep have involved the concept of cannabis to be part of the core of their albums and songs."Sleep." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 February 2017 The consumption of cannabis is common in the live performances of some stoner rock/metal bands, and bands such as Electric Wizard are known to have concerts with the band members and the crowd participating in smoking cannabis."Electric Wizard." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 February 2017. Dopesmoker (previously Jerusalem) by Sleep received controversy because the 60-minute song is about cannabis, which resulted in conflict with Sleep's record company. Some members of the genre state that "stoner rock is a style, not life," which is interpreted as the band members do not participate in smoking cannabis or are influenced by cannabis. However, the style of their music reflects the sound of "stoner rock/metal." Bands such as King Caravan and Sea of Green have come under terms with this statement.PANTSIOS, ANASTASIA, and SPECIAL T. THE. "Stoner Rock is a Style, Not Life, Says One Who Plays it." The Plain Dealer, 25 May 2001, pp. 19. ProQuest Newsstand, Similarly, Matt Pike from the band High on Fire stated, "It's a very strong scene, but I don't think any of the stoner rock bands want to be labeled as stoner rock ... I might use the word 'stoner' in my lyrics, but I think we're metal, dude. I'd say I was crossover metal, actually, or progressive metal. It's kind of a tough thing to lump into a category, but I guess we get the stoner-rock label because of the whole pot thing."DeRogatis, Jim. "Metal by any Other Name ... High on Fire Not 'stoners'." Chicago Sun – Times, 22 Sep 2000, pp. 5; Nc. ProQuest Newsstand,

Like most subgenres of music, the origins of stoner rock are hard to trace and pinpoint. Nevertheless, several known progenitors and signature songs are widely credited with helping to shape the genre. Blue Cheer is considered one of the pioneers of the style; as AllMusic author Greg Prato puts it, "When talks about 'stoner rock' come up, one band that tends to get overlooked is Blue Cheer."{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=live-bootleg-london-hamburg-mw0000208809|pure_url=yes}} |title=Live Bootleg: London – Hamburg |last=Prato |first=Greg |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=11 November 2009}} According to critic Mark Deming, Blue Cheer's first album, Vincebus Eruptum, "is a glorious celebration of rock & roll primitivism run through enough Marshall amps to deafen an army," not unlike the heaviness of MC5's Kick Out the Jams and the Velvet Underground's White Light/White Heat.{{cite web |author=Deming, Mark |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/vincebus-eruptum-mw0000261239 |title=Vincebus Eruptum -review |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2014-02-16}}

Rolling Stone claims, "What stoner rock delivers, slowed down and magnified, is the riff, the persistent legacy of Mississippi blues. Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were the first to make a monolith of it."{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/r-20000622 |title=Rated R: Queens of the Stone Age: Review |last=Ratliff |first=Ben |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=11 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203020527/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/233746/review/5943680 |archive-date=3 December 2007 |url-status=dead}} Sir Lord Baltimore were called "the godfathers of stoner rock" by Classic Rock magazine, who went on to state that Leaf Hound have been cited for influencing countless bands in the stoner rock movement, including Kyuss and Monster Magnet.{{cite news |title=The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal |last=Sleazegrinder |magazine=Classic Rock |date=March 2007 |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/revolution-the-story-of-the-lost-pioneers-of-heavy-metal |access-date=2024-11-15}} James Manning of Time Out London recognises The Beatles' I Want You (She's So Heavy) as "laying the foundations for stoner rock with the relentlessly spiralling outro".{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/music/the-best-beatles-songs|title=The 50 Best Beatles songs|date=24 May 2018|website=Time Out London|language=en|access-date=31 December 2018}}

Buffalo's 1973 sophomore release Volcanic Rock has been "heralded as the first great stoner rock record,"{{cite web |url=http://www.heavyplanet.net/2008/07/album-of-day-buffalo-volcanic-rock-1973.html |title=Album Of The Day-Buffalo-Volcanic Rock (1973) |last=R |first=Reg |date=6 July 2008 |website=Heavy Planet |access-date=30 March 2019 |quote=The second Buffalo album, Volcanic Rock, is now heralded as the first great stoner rock record.}} the song Sunrise (Come My Way) "has since been shamelessly cannibalized for its parts by more stoner-rock bands than you can shake a bong at,"{{cite web |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/buffalo-volcanic-rock/ |title=40 Years Ago: Buffalo's 'Volcanic Rock' Album Released |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |date=10 August 2013 |website=Ultimate Classic Rock |access-date=30 March 2019 |quote=Baxter is the true star of, and instigator behind, 'Volcanic Rock,' beginning with his blistering leads that launch album opener 'Sunrise (Come My Way),' which shares as much DNA with the MC5 as it does with Blue Cheer and Black Sabbath. Not surprisingly, the song has since been shamelessly cannibalized for its parts by more stoner-rock bands than you can shake a bong at.}} and the songs Till My Death and The Prophet have been likened to later stoner rock.{{cite web |url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2018/01/04/primitive-origins-buffalos-volcanic-rock/ |title=Primitive Origins: Buffalo's "Volcanic Rock" |last=Pratt |first=Greg |date=4 January 2018 |website=Decibel Magazine |access-date=30 March 2019 |quote="Till My Death" brings the good times back, as the band lays down some excellent proto-stoner riffs layered with a chorus that is very of-the-times melodic, the band taking a Zep songwriting structure but crashing and bashing it through a gritty Detroit filter. "The Prophet" then slows things down a bit, which is perfect: this band excels when going heavier and slower, and it’s also where their personality shines. Dave Tice’s vocals soar with a ton of '70s gruff-guy grit 'n' melody, but they’re charming enough to make you wonder why this band didn’t get bigger than they did. A killer song, one that has enough metal heft to sound great to longhairs today, but also enough free-flowin' '70s vibes to make it a hit back then. Corrosion of Conformity (with Pepper Keenan) could cover this and it would fit right in any of their albums. We’re talking proto-doom, stoner, even nearing sludge here.}} Primevil's album Smokin' Bats at Campton's has been called a "touchstone" of stoner rock.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=smokin-bats-at-camptons-mw0000572744|pure_url=yes}} |title=Smokin' Bats at Campton's |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=8 November 2009}} Jim DeRogatis has said that stoner rock bands are "reaching back for inspiration to the psychedelic, proto-metallic jamming of bands like Cream, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Hawkwind."{{cite web |last=DeRogatis |first=Jim |title=The Drummers of Stoner Rock |url=http://www.jimdero.com/OtherWritings/OtherStonersMD.htm |access-date=26 January 2012}}

According to DeRogatis, the roots of stoner rock can be heard on Black Sabbath's Master of Reality, Hawkwind's 25 Years On 1973–1977 box set, the aforementioned Blue Cheer album, Deep Purple's Machine Head and Blue Öyster Cult's Workshop of the Telescopes. The 1970s California-based supergroup Captain Beyond have also been described as "pioneers" of stoner rock.{{cite news |last1=McIntyre |first1=Ken |title=The story of Captain Beyond, stoner rock pioneers |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-story-of-captain-beyond-stoner-rock-pioneers |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=LouderSound |date=12 May 2016}} Black Sabbath's Master of Reality is often cited as the first album of the genre,Steve Taylor, A to X of Alternative Music, Continuum, 2006, p.199Steven Rosen, Black Sabbath – Uncensored On the Record, Coda Books, 2011 and Martin Popoff states: "When 'Sweet Leaf' kicks in, one witnesses simultaneously the invention of stoner rock".Martin Popoff, The Top 500 Heavy Metal Songs of All Time, Ecw Press, 2002, p.132 Allmusic summarizes this unique fusion as follows: "Stoner metal bands updated the long, mind-bending jams and ultra-heavy riffs of bands like Black Sabbath, Blue Cheer, Blue Öyster Cult, and Hawkwind by filtering their psychedelia-tinged metal and acid rock through the buzzing sound of early Sub Pop–style grunge." However, Kyuss members Josh Homme and John Garcia have shrugged off the heavy metal influence, and instead cite punk rock and hardcore punk, particularly the sludgy hardcore of Black Flag's album My War as influences.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/mar/25/kyuss-stoner-queens-stone-age |title=Kyuss: Kings of the stoner age |last=Lynskey |first=Dorian |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=29 November 2011 |location=London |date=25 March 2011}}

The doom metal band Trouble introduced acid rock elements on their 1990 self-titled album, which became even more prominent on 1992's Manic Frustration. Similarly, the British doom metal band Cathedral increasingly moved toward a psychedelic/stoner sound over the course of their first three releases, culminating in the critically acclaimed 1993 album The Ethereal Mirror. During this same period, heavy metal band White Zombie achieved multi-platinum success with their two major label albums, significantly expanding the heavy music audience with their groove-based, sample-laden "psychedelic horror" sound.{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21654-it-came-from-nyc/ |title=White Zombie It Came From N.Y.C. (Retrospective Box Set Review) |last=Minsker |first=Evan |website=Pitchfork |date=7 June 2016 |access-date=6 July 2016}}

During the early to mid-1990s, a number of southern-California bands developed the style that would be called stoner rock. In 1992, Kyuss emerged from the Palm Desert Scene with Blues for the Red Sun. Critics have hailed it as "a major milestone in heavy music,"{{cite web |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |title=Kyuss Biography |publisher=AllMusic |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=kyuss-mn0000776011|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=2007-07-15 |quote=Although they are widely acknowledged as pioneers of the booming stoner rock scene of the 1990s, the band enjoyed little commercial success during their brief existence [...]. Soon hailed as a landmark by critics and fans alike, the album (Blues for the Red Sun) took the underground metal world by storm and established the signature Kyuss sound once and for all: [...].}} while NME described their music as an attempt to figuratively melt "a hundredweight of hot desert sand into metal".[https://www.nme.com/reviews/kyuss/3230 Kyuss – Muchas Gracias: The Best Of – Album Reviews – NME.COM] In 1992, San Jose doom metal band Sleep released their album Sleep's Holy Mountain, and along with Kyuss were heralded by the heavy metal press as leaders of the emerging stoner scene. These two bands were among the first to introduce a psychedelic groove to their doom-influenced sound.[http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss Kyuss biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192246/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/california/palm+springs/kyuss |date=3 March 2016 }} A year earlier, New Jersey's Monster Magnet released their debut album Spine of God, which displayed fewer metal influences but was psychedelic and sludgy, in the vein of their California peers.{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=monster-magnet-mn0000495455|pure_url=yes}} |title=Monster Magnet biography |access-date=2009-05-22 |author=Eduardo Rivadavia |publisher=AllMusic}} Together with these three bands, southern-Californians Fu Manchu, who released their eponymous album in 1994, are credited with being "one of the most enduring and influential bands" of the genre.{{cite web |url = https://www.allmusic.com/album/in-search-of-mw0000184609 |access-date=2016-05-25 |publisher=AllMusic |last = Rivadavia |first = Eduardo |title = Fu Manchu: In Search Of... (Review)}} In 1994, San Francisco's Acid King and Britain's Acrimony released their debut albums, both of which adopted this psychedelic approach to doom metal. Though more closely associated with the grunge movement (which itself sometimes influenced, was influenced by, and occasionally overlapped with stoner rock), Soundgarden has also been cited as "stoner metal" or influential on the stoner rock genre,{{cite web|last1=Deiterman|first1=Corey|title=Five Songs That Show Soundgarden's Versatility|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/music/five-songs-that-show-soundgardens-versatility-6499678|website=Houston Press|access-date=10 December 2017|date=15 August 2014}}{{cite web|last1=Green|first1=Sasha|title=Soundgarden – Superunknown [Reissue]|url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2014/06/album-review-soundgarden-superunknown-reissue/|website=Consequence of Sound|date=4 June 2014 |access-date=10 December 2017}}{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Sarah|title='Superunknown' revisited: Ranking the tracks from Soundgarden's 1994 classic|url=http://fasterlouder.junkee.com/superunknown-revisited-ranking-the-tracks-from-soundgardens-1994-classic/838213/2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326190934/http://fasterlouder.junkee.com/superunknown-revisited-ranking-the-tracks-from-soundgardens-1994-classic/838213/2|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2017|website=Faster Louder|access-date=10 December 2017}} with their 1994 album Superunknown being described as a "stoner rock classic".{{cite web|last1=Weiss|first1=Jeff|title=There Was No One Else on Earth Like Chris Cornell|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/there-was-no-one-else-on-earth-like-chris-cornell/|website=Noisey|date=19 May 2017 |access-date=10 December 2017}} Other influential bands from this era include Clutch, Sons of Otis and Corrosion of Conformity.[http://www.leafhound.com/band/acrimony/bio.html Leafhound Records – Acrimony biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20071215005357/http://www.leafhound.com/band/acrimony/bio.html |date=15 December 2007 }}

Kyuss broke up in 1995 after the release of their fourth album, with many members going on to develop the stoner and desert rock scene through new projects. In August 1997, Kyuss' Josh Homme founded The Desert Sessions at the now-famous Rancho De La Luna in Joshua Tree, California. This musical collective brings artists together for impromptu writing and recording sessions that yielded ten albums between 1997 and 2003. The project has included members from Kyuss, Fu Manchu, Soundgarden, Monster Magnet, Goatsnake, earthlings? and Eagles of Death Metal, as well as PJ Harvey, Dean Ween and others associated with the Palm Desert scene.{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=72065 |title=Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme Rules Out KYUSS Reunion |access-date=2007-05-08 |date=2007-05-08 |publisher=Blabbermouth.net}} Also in 1997, Roadrunner Records released the stoner rock compilation Burn One Up! Music for Stoners, which includes many of the aforementioned bands, as well as a track by Josh Homme's new band Queens of the Stone Age. In September 1997 Jadd Shickler (of stoner band Spiritu) and Aaron Emmel founded an online store based in Albuquerque, New Mexico called All That's Heavy, which began selling hard-to-find releases of Kyuss, Monster Magnet, and Fu Manchu.{{cite news |title=Where to Start: MeteorCity |url=http://theobelisk.net/obelisk/2011/07/08/meteorcitywts/ |publisher=The Obelisk |date=2011-07-08 |access-date=2011-08-26}} They soon expanded the catalog to include artists who stylistically fit with those bands. After half a year they were contacted by the former proprietor for the first Kyuss fan website, who recommended All That's Heavy do a compilation of unsigned bands that Kyuss fans would enjoy.{{cite news |title=Meteor City |first=Todd K. |last=Smith |url=http://www.cuttingedgerocks.com/Meteor.html |publisher=The Cutting Edge |access-date=2011-08-26}} This resulted in the formation of MeteorCity Records and the release of the compilation Welcome to MeteorCity in 1998, which included established desert and stoner rock acts, as well as new bands established by John Garcia of Kyuss, Ed Mundell of Monster Magnet, and Pete Stahl of Goatsnake. The album was the first time that the new stoner rock bands Sixty Watt Shaman, Lowrider, The Atomic Bitchwax, Dozer, Goatsnake, and Los Natas were featured on record. According to MeteorCity founders:

{{blockquote|"When this was happening, there wasn't really a [stoner rock] scene yet, there were just a lot of people around the world who were still sad about the end of Kyuss, as well as the end of Slo Burn, and who listened to stuff like Monster Magnet and Fu Manchu but wanted more. The label took off when we appeared with Welcome to Meteor City, as though the world was waiting for someone to do what we were doing."}}

MeteorCity soon signed a number of musicians and bands from the Palm Desert Scene, including Hermano, Unida and emerging Swedish stoner rock bands such as Lowrider, Dozer and The Mushroom River Band. During this time, The Hidden Hand and Spirit Caravan also began to gain popularity within the developing scene.

File:ElectricWizard by Christian Misje 03.jpg (active since 1993) performing live at Hole in the Sky 2008]]In June 2000, Josh Homme's new project Queens of the Stone Age released their breakthrough album Rated R, which helped bring the stoner rock sound into the mainstream, despite the band themselves rejecting both the genre and being labeled as such.[http://thefade.net/oldsite/articles/jam991124.html QOTSA Reviews| 1999/11/24-Jam!: He Ain't Joshin]

Songs for the Deaf, their next release in 2002, included a single from the album peaking at No. 1 on the US Modern Rock Tracks.{{cite magazine |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=queens of the stone age|chart=all}} | title=Artist Chart History – Queens of the Stone Age |magazine=Billboard |access-date=2008-02-19}} Another label focusing on the international stoner rock scene was Small Stone Records,{{cite news |title=Small Stone Records. Detroit's home-grown label |first=Brett |last=Callwood |url=http://detroit.metromix.com/music/article/small-stone-records/383351/content |newspaper=Metromix |date=18 April 2008 |access-date=7 September 2011}} which released a number of compilation albums of stoner rock bands doing covers of 1970s music, including Right in the Nuts: A Tribute to Aerosmith (2000),{{cite news |title=Huge stones |first=Brian |last=Smith |url=http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=4963 |newspaper=Metro Times |date=28 May 2003 |access-date=7 September 2011}} Sucking the 70's (2002), and Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle Again (2006).{{cite news |title=Meet & Greet: Small Stone Records |url=http://detour-mag.com/assets/2008/01/17/meet-greet-small-stone-records/ |magazine=Detour Mag |date=17 January 2008 |access-date=7 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726105906/http://detour-mag.com/2008/01/meet-greet-small-stone-records/ |archive-date=26 July 2011}}

In 2002, the Orquesta del Desierto was formed featuring key members of the major desert rock bands and released two albums.

In 2009, the magazines Decibel and Terrorizer released issues featuring a list of the 100 greatest and most important albums of the 2000s, respectively. The stoner band Electric Wizard's Dopethrone was featured on both lists, being placed 10th on Decibel's list and 1st on the Terrorizer's one."100 Greatest Metal Albums of the Decade", Decibel Special Collector's Edition."Terrorizer's Secret History #2", Terrorizer Souvenir Issue.

Since Kyuss' break-up, the success of the bandmates' other projects has caused the Kyuss back catalog to become more widely listened to and their fanbase has inevitably swelled. The sound has been continued on by directly descendant bands Unida, Slo Burn, Hermano, Mondo Generator, Fu Manchu, Brant Bjork and the Bros, and at times by Queens of the Stone Age, who have since largely departed from Kyuss' stoner rock sound, and reject the label, preferring the term "desert rock".

As acknowledged by Dave Wyndorf, the lead singer of Monster Magnet, in a 2015 interview: "Europe is really good for psychedelic music."{{cite news|title=Special Feature: An Conversation with Dave Wyndorf of Monster Magnet|url=https://doomedandstoned.com/post/113056338663/davewyndorf|newspaper=Tumblr|access-date=23 August 2019}} So much so that some US stoner rock bands will even choose to tour Europe rather than North America.{{cite news|title=THE GREAT, BIG MONSTER MAGNET INTERVIEW!|url=https://doomedandstoned.com/post/178835461188/monstermagnet|newspaper=Tumblr|access-date=23 August 2019}} Founded by a French aficionado of stoner rock, the website MoreFuzz.net has been a big promoter of the stoner rock scene in Europe and internationally.{{cite web|title=Who is behind More Fuzz?|url=https://morefuzz.net/about/|website=More Fuzz|access-date=23 August 2019|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526045938/https://morefuzz.net/about/|url-status=dead}} Stoner rock bands in Europe, much like their North American counterparts, mix elements of heavy rock music with psychedelia and acid rock. The influence of Black Sabbath or Blue Cheer can be heard – among other examples – in bands such as the Swedish Graveyard{{cite web|title=Graveyard: Beyond 'Stoner Rock'| work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100181283|access-date=23 August 2019}} and the German Kadavar. Instrumental stoner rock bands such as Karma to Burn are rare in the US but are more frequent in Europe.

• List of stoner rock bands
• :Category:Stoner rock
• Palm Desert Scene
• Doom metal
• Sludge metal
• Psychedelic rock
• Acid rock

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Stoner rock}}

• [https://www.allmusic.com/style/stoner-metal-ma0000011961 Stoner metal] on AllMusic

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