Streblidae

The 237 or so species are divided among roughly 33 genera and five subfamilies. The monophyly of this family has not been supported. The streblid subfamily Trichobiinae may be more closely related to the Nycteriboscinae and other lineages in the Nycteribiidae. Several authors favor splitting the family into an Old World lineage consisting of the Ascodipterinae and Nycteriboscinae and a New World lineage containing all other subfamilies. The former would be named Ascodipterinae and the latter would retain the name Streblidae. Alternatively, the Streblidae and Nycteribiidae might be united as a monophyletic family containing all bat flies.{{cite journal

|author1=Petersen, Frederik Torp |author2=Meier, Rudolf |author3=Kutty, Sujatha Narayanan |author4=Wiegmann, Brian M. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2007

| title = The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers

| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

| volume = 45

| issue = 1

| pages = 111–122

| publisher = Elsevier

| location = The Netherlands

| issn = 1055-7903

| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023

| pmid = 17583536

}}

Subfamilies are here listed in presumed order of most ancient to most recently evolved. Selected genera are also given, sorted alphabetically, as too little is known about their interrelationships.

File:Enischnomyia with Vetufebrus 1.jpg holotype fossil in Dominican amber]]

• Subfamily Brachytarsininae Speiser 1900 (sometimes Nycteriboscinae)

:*Genus Brachytarsina Macquart, 1851

:*Genus Megastrebla Maa, 1971

::*Subgenus Aoroura

::*Subgenus Megastrebla Maa, 1971

:*Genus Raymondia Frauenfeld, 1855

:*Genus Raymondiodes Jobling, 1954

• Subfamily Ascodipterinae Monticelli 1898

:*Genus Ascodipteron Adensamer, 1896

:*Genus Maabella Hastriter & Bush, 2006

:*Genus Paraascodipteron Advani & Vazirani, 1981

• Subfamily Nycterophiliinae Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Nycterophilia Ferris, 1916

:*Genus Phalconomus Wenzel, 1984

• Subfamily Streblinae Speiser, 1900

:*Genus Anastrebla Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Metelasmus Coquillett, 1907

:*Genus Paraeuctenodes Pessôa & Guimarães, 1937

:*Genus Strebla Wiedemann, 1824

• Subfamily Trichobiinae Jobling, 1936

:*Genus Anatrichobius Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Aspidoptera Coquillett, 1899

:*Genus Eldunnia Curran, 1934

:*Genus Exastinion Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Joblingia Dybas & Wenzel, 1947

:*Genus Mastoptera Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Megistopoda Macquart, 1852

:*Genus Megistapophysis Dick & Wenzel, 2006

:*Genus Neotrichobius Wenzel & Aitken, 1966

:*Genus Noctiliostrebla Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Paradyschiria Speiser, 1900

:*Genus Parastrebla Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Paratrichobius Costa Lima, 1921

:*Genus Pseudostrebla Costa Lima, 1921

:*Genus Speiseria Kessel, 1925

:*Genus Stizostrebla Jobling, 1939

:*Genus Synthesiostrebla Townsend, 1913

:*Genus Trichobioides Wenzel, 1966

:*Genus Trichobius Gervais, 1844

:*Genus Xenotrichobius Wenzel, 1976{{cite journal

|author1=Gustavo Graciolli |author2=Carl W. Dick | title = Checklist of World Streblidae (DIPTERA: HIPPOBOSCOIDEA)

| pages = 7

| publisher = The Field Museum

| date = 22 October 2008

| url = http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf

| access-date = 18 September 2008

}}

• Subfamily incertae sedis

:*†Enischnomyia Poinar & Brown, 2012

One of the characteristic feature of streblid bat flies is their variable degree of eye reduction. The compound eyes are highly, but variably reduced, with some species containing only rudimentary eye spots. Ocelli are absent in all species. Wing morphology also significantly varies within the family with some species containing fully functional wings, while others contain either reduced (non functional or functional) wings or no wings at all.

Streblid bat flies, which are parasites, are themselves infested by fungi of the order Laboulbeniales; these fungi are thus hyperparasites.{{cite journal|last1=Haelewaters|first1=Danny|last2=Pfliegler|first2=Walter P.|last3=Szentiványi|first3=Tamara|last4=Földvári|first4=Mihály|last5=Sándor|first5=Attila D.|last6=Barti|first6=Levente|last7=Camacho|first7=Jasmin J.|last8=Gort|first8=Gerrit|last9=Estók|first9=Péter|last10=Hiller|first10=Thomas|last11=Dick|first11=Carl W.|last12=Pfister|first12=Donald H.|title=Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe|journal=Parasites & Vectors|volume=10|issue=1|year=2017|pages=96|issn=1756-3305|doi=10.1186/s13071-017-2022-y|pmc=5320862|pmid=28222795 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=Melissa J.|last2=Dorrestein|first2=Annabel|last3=Camacho|first3=Jasmin J.|last4=Meckler|first4=Lauren A.|last5=Silas|first5=Kirk A.|last6=Hiller|first6=Thomas|last7=Haelewaters|first7=Danny|title=A tripartite survey of hyperparasitic fungi associated with ectoparasitic flies on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in a neotropical cloud forest in Panama|journal=Parasite|volume=25|year=2018|pages=19|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2018017|url= |pmc=5892177|pmid=29633707}} {{open access}}

{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

• {{cite journal | last1 = Dick | first1 = C.W. | last2 = Gettinger | first2 = D. | year = 2005 | title = A faunal survey of streblid flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay | journal = Journal of Parasitology | volume = 91 | issue = 5| pages = 1015–1024 | doi = 10.1645/GE-536R.1 | pmid = 16419742 | s2cid = 24627459 | url = https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1693&context=parasitologyfacpubs }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Fritz | first1 = G.N. | year = 1983 | title = Biology and ecology of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats in the genus Carollia | journal = Journal of Medical Entomology | volume = 20 | issue = 1| pages = 1–10 | pmid = 6827567 | doi = 10.1093/jmedent/20.1.1 }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Gannon | first1 = M.R. | last2 = Willig | first2 = M.R. | year = 1995 | title = Ecology of ectoparasites from tropical bats | url = http://www.personal.psu.edu/mrg5/Batectoecology.pdf | journal = Environmental Entomology | volume = 24 | issue = 6| pages = 1495–1503 | doi = 10.1093/ee/24.6.1495 }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Komeno | first1 = C.A. | last2 = Linhares | first2 = A.X. | year = 1999 | title = Batflies parasitic on some phyllostomid bats in southeastern Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite relationships | journal = Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz | volume = 94 | issue = 2| pages = 151–156 | doi = 10.1590/S0074-02761999000200004 | pmid = 10224519 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Patterson | first1 = B.D. | last2 = Ballard | first2 = J.W. | last3 = Wenzel | first3 = R.L. | year = 1998 | title = Distributional evidence for cospeciation between Neotropical bats and their bat fly ectoparasites | journal = Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment | volume = 33 | issue = 2| pages = 76–84 | doi = 10.1076/snfe.33.2.76.2152|url=http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/patterso/Studies_in_Neotrop_1999 }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Wenzel | first1 = R.L. | year = 1976 | title = The Streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera:Streblidae) | journal = Brigham Young University Science Bulletin (Biological Series) | volume = 20 | issue = 4| pages = 1–177 | doi = 10.5962/bhl.part.5666 | doi-access = free }}
• Wenzel, R.L. & Tipton, V.J. (eds.) (1966): Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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Category:Ectoparasites

Category:Parasitic flies

Category:Parasites of bats

Category:Brachycera families

Category:Hippoboscoidea

Category:Taxa named by Friedrich August Rudolph Kolenati