Subandrio

{{redirect|Soebandrio|the military officer|Soebandrio (Indonesian Air Force officer)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

|honorific-prefix = Air Admiral (Titular)

|image = Subandrio 1964.jpg

|caption = Subandrio in 1964

|order = 10th

|office = Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia){{!}}Minister of Foreign Affairs

|term_start = 9 April 1957

|term_end = 28 March 1966

|president = Sukarno

|predecessor = Ruslan Abdulgani

|successor = Adam Malik

|order1 = 1st

|office1 = List of ambassadors of Indonesia to the United Kingdom{{!}}Ambassador of Indonesia to
the United Kingdom

|term_start1 = 1949

|term_end1 = 1954

|president1 = Sukarno

|predecessor1 = Position established

|successor1 = Soepomo

|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1914|09|15}}

|birth_place = Malang, Dutch East Indies

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|07|03|1914|09|15}}

|death_place = Jakarta, Indonesia

|party = PSI (former member)

|occupation = {{hlist|Diplomat|politician}}

|allegiance = Indonesia

|branch = Indonesian Air Force

|serviceyears = 1945–1964

|rank = Air admiral (titular){{cite web|date=17 August 1964|title=Presiden Sukarno melantik Dr. Subandrio sebagai Laksamana Udara, Dr. Leimena sebagai Laksamana Laut dan Dr. H.C. Chaerul Saleh sebagai Jenderal TNI pada tgl. 17/8/1964|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS1.INLIS000000000054682|publisher=Indonesia OneSearch}}

|commands = State Intelligence Agency

|battles = Indonesian National Revolution

}}

Subandrio (15 September 1914 – 3 July 2004) was an Indonesian politician Foreign Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under President Sukarno.{{cite journal |last1=van Langenberg |first1=Michael |title=DR. SUBANDRIO—AN ASSESSMENT |journal=The Australian Quarterly |date=1966 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=67–80 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41317972 |issn=0005-0091}} Removed from office following the failed 1965 coup, he spent 29 years in prison.

The spelling "Subandrio" has been official in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soebandrio is still sometimes used.

Early career

File:Subandrio 1963.jpg to Indonesian control on 1 May 1963|left]]

Subandrio was born in Malang, East Java, and educated at the Sekolah Tinggi Kedokteran Jakarta (GHS) in Jakarta. As a medical student, he was active in the independence movement. During World War II, while practicing medicine, he worked with anti-Japanese resistance forces. His wife, Hurustiati Subandrio, was also a politically active medical doctor. After the war, he was appointed secretary-general of the information ministry.

After 1945 Subandrio became a supporter of the nationalist leader Sukarno and was sent as Sukarno's special envoy in Europe, establishing an information office in London in 1947. From 1954 to 1956, he was ambassador to the Soviet Union. During this time he developed strong left-wing views, although he was never a Communist as later alleged.

Cabinet minister

In 1956 Sukarno recalled him to Jakarta to become secretary-general of the foreign ministry, and then Foreign Minister. In 1960 he was also made Second Deputy Prime Minister, and in 1962 he was appointed Minister for Foreign Economic Relations. He held all three posts, and also acted as intelligence chief, until 1966.

Subandrio was the main architect of Indonesia's left-wing foreign policy during this period, including the alliance with the People's Republic of China and the policy of "Confrontation" with Malaysia, which created great hostility between Indonesia and the Western powers, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom. He was heavily involved in the Sunda Straits Crisis of 1964 when the British aircraft carrier HMS Victorious passed through Indonesian waters without proper approval.{{Cite book|title=Britain and the Confrontation with Indonesia, 1960–66.|last=Easter|first=Davis|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2012|isbn=9780857721150|pages=100}}

Downfall of Sukarno

On 30 September 1965 a group of army officers, allegedly supported by the powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), attacked a part of the Army leadership that was supposedly plotting to overthrow Sukarno. Six Army generals were killed but the alleged "coup attempt" failed. In the resulting anti-communist backlash, an anti-communist General Suharto took control of the government. Sukarno tried to retain Subandrio in the cabinet, but in 1966 he was forced to agree to his dismissal.

Subandrio was sentenced to death by the Extraordinary Military Court on charges of being involved in the "30 September Movement," although there was no real evidence that Subandrio knew of the plot in advance or played any part in it (he was in Sumatra at the time* Hughes, John (2002), The End of Sukarno – A Coup that Misfired: A Purge that Ran Wild, Archipelago Press, p.19, {{ISBN|981-4068-65-9}}

). This sentence was afterward reduced to life imprisonment upon the request of the British government on behalf of Queen Elizabeth, as it was remembered that Subandrio was Indonesia's first envoy to the U.K. He remained in prison until 1995 when he was released due to ill health. He died in Jakarta in 2004.

Subandrio

Early career

Cabinet minister

Downfall of Sukarno

References

Further reading