Subsistence fishing

Image:Stilts fishermen Sri Lanka 02.jpg]]

Artisanal, subsistence, or traditional fishing consists of various small-scale, low-technology, fishing practices undertaken by individual fishermen (as opposed to commercial fishing).{{cite book|author1=Garcia, S.M.|editor1-last=Cochrane|editor1-first=K.|editor2-last=Garcia|editor2-first=S.M.|title=A fishery managers handbook|date=2009|publisher=FAO and Wiley-Blackwell|pages=473–505|chapter=Glossary}} Many of these households are of coastal or island ethnic groups. These households make short (rarely overnight) fishing trips close to the shore. Their produce is usually not processed and is mainly for local consumption. Artisan fishing uses traditional fishing techniques such as rod and tackle, fishing arrows and harpoons, cast nets, and small (if any) traditional fishing boats. For that reason, socio-economic status of artisanal fishing community has become an interest of the authorities in recent years.

Artisan fishing may be undertaken for commercial, cultural and subsistence reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of Sustainable Development Goal 14 works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/14b1/en/|title=14.b.1 Access rights for small-scale fisheries | Sustainable Development Goals|website=Fao.org|access-date=29 January 2022}}

Importance

Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on artisanal fisheries to live. Artisanal fishing is critically important for not only food, but for jobs, income, nutrition, food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty alleviation as well.{{cite web|last1=Whitty|first1=T|title=Artisanal Fisheries Impacts|url=http://www.oceanscientists.org/index.php/topics/artisanal-fisheries-impacts#page|website=Ocean Scientists for Informed Policy|access-date=31 March 2018}}{{cite web|title=Small-scale Fisheries|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/ssf/en|website=FI Institutional Websites|publisher=FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department|access-date=31 March 2018}} Artisanal fisheries are the predominant form of fisheries in "tropical developing countries" such as Nigeria.

The importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries have been recognized in the first internationally agreed instrument dedicated entirely to small-scale fisheries. This agreement, drafted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is titled the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication and was implemented in 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/i4356en/I4356EN.pdf|format=PDF|title=Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication|website=Fao.org|access-date=29 January 2022}} In addition, there is increased global advocacy to provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and market, this is one of the major targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.{{Cite web|title=Goal 14 targets|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=UNDP|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930060036/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|url-status=dead}}

Artisan fishing boats and gears

= Nigeria =

A traditional dug out canoe between 3–18 meters long is used in Nigeria for artisanal fishing. Artisanal fishers in this area use gear that included, "cast nets, handlines, basket traps, longlines, set gillnets and beach and purse seines".{{cite journal|last1=Inoni|first1=O.E|last2=Oyaide|first2=W.J|title=Socio-Economic Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in the South Agro-Ecological Zone of Delta State, Nigeria|journal=Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica|date=2007|volume=40|issue=4}}

= Sudan =

Fishing vessels used in Sudan include from the sharoaq, feluka and murkab al hadeed. Equipment varies by region and includes fixed nets, drift nets, seine nets, long line and cast nets.{{cite news|last1=Anton|first1=Paula|last2=Curtis|first2=Lori|title=Livelihoods of small-scale fishers along the Nile River in Sudan|url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7413e.pdf|access-date=31 March 2018|agency=FAO|publisher=FAO|date=2017}}

Image:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|Fishermen at work off the northern coast of Mozambique

File:Koh Kut, Thailand, Gulf of Thailand.jpg|Fishing boats at Ko Kut, Thailand

Image:FloresFishingBoat.jpg|Fishing boats on Flores, Indonesia

Techniques

File:RV02Interior39.JPG|Fish wheel used in Alaska

Image:Shrimpers on horseback.jpg|Shrimpers on horseback, Oostduinkerke, Belgium

Image:Syr Darya river (Qyzylorda province) winter fishing 2006 00.jpg|Ice fishing on Syr-Darya river, Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan

Image:Fisherman Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman landing his catch, Seychelles

Image:Fisherman and his catch Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman and his catch, Seychelles. The fish, including small sharks, were hooked on hand lines many miles off shore.

Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Shore based lift nets in Cà Mau, Vietnam. Also see Chinese fishing nets of Kochi.

File:Fisherman and net 2, Bhubaneswar - Oct 2010.jpg|Fisherman with his net

Image:Đó.jpg|Traditional fish traps, Hà Tây, Vietnam

Image:CormorantFishing001.JPG|Cormorants used for fishing in China

Indigenous People

Many indigenous people, particularly in coastal areas and near rivers, rely on fishing as their primary source of food.

See more

References

=Sources=

FAO: [http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp Definition: Artisanal fisheries]
Béné, C; Macfadyen, G; Allison, E H (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0965e/a0965e00.htm Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security] FAO Fisheries Technical Paper T481. {{ISBN|978-92-5-105664-6}}
Diegues, Antonio Carlos (2002) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080911084401/http://www.usp.br/nupaub/english/icsfoct.doc Sea Tenure, traditional knowledge and management among brazilian artisanal fishermen.] NUPAUB, University of São Paulo. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
Pauly, D (2006) [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090326130254/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/2006/MajorTrendsSmallScaleEmphasisDevelCountries.pdf Major trends in small-scale marine fisheries, with emphasis on developing countries, and some implications for the social sciences] Maritime Studies (MAST) 4(2): 7–22.
Tietze, U; Siar, S; Upare, Suchitra M and Upare, M A (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah997e/ah997e00.htm Livelihood and micro-enterprise development opportunities for women in coastal fishing communities in India] FAO Fisheries Circulars C1021.

External links

OAS: [http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea37e/ch15.htm Report on fisheries including artisan fishing]
WorldFish Center: [https://worldfishcenter.org/research-theme/small-scale-fisheries Small-Scale Fisheries]
CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems: [https://fish.cgiar.org/research-areas/small-scale-fisheries Small-Scale Fisheries]

Category:Fishing industry