Sunda crow
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Corvus enca celebensis.JPG
| image_caption = Near Tomohon, Indonesia
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Corvus
| species = enca
| authority = (Horsfield, 1821){{aut|Horsfield, 1821}}. Fregilus Enca (protonym). Trans. Linn. Soc. London, (1), 13, p. 164. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/754897 BHL]
| synonyms = * Fregilus enca (protonym)
}}
The Sunda crow (Corvus enca), formerly known as the slender-billed crow, is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae, in the genus Corvus. It is found from Malaysia to Borneo. The violet crow has been shown to be distinct genetically and separated as Corvus violaceus.{{cite journal|author1=Jønsson, Knud A. |author2=Fabre, Pierre-Henri |author3=Irestedt, Martin |year=2012|title=Brains, tools, innovation and biogeography in crows and ravens|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=12|url= |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-72 |pages=72 |pmid=22642364 |pmc=3480872 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012BMCEE..12...72J }} The small crow has been split as Corvus samarensis and the Palawan crow has also been split as Corvus pusillus.{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-05-29|language=en-US}}
Taxonomy
The Sunda crow was formally described in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected on the Indonesian island of Java. He coined the binomial name Fregilus enca.{{ cite journal | last=Horsfield | first=Thomas | author-link=Thomas Horsfield | year=1821 | title=Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java | journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society | volume=13 | issue=1 | pages=133–200 [164] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/754897 }}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=264 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485637 }} The specific epithet enca is a Javanese word for a crow.{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=enca | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=enca | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=7 September 2024 }}
Two subspecies are recognised:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/crows/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 September 2024 }}
- C. e. compilator Richmond, 1903 – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, west Sumatran islands and Borneo
- C. e. enca (Horsfield, 1821) – Java and Bali
Former subspecies now treated as separate species:
- Sulawesi crow (Corvus celebensis)
- Samar crow (Corvus samarensis)
- Sierra Madre crow (Corvus sierramadrensis)
- Palawan crow (Corvus pusillus)
Habitat and diet
It is found throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines) and Peninsular Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest. It eats fish and shrimp.{{Cite journal | last1=Eddy | first1=S. | last2=Mutiara | first2=D. | last3=Mediswati | first3=R.Y.T. | last4=Rahman | first4=R.G. | last5=Milantara | first5=N. | last6=Basyuni | first6=M. | date=2021 | title=Short communication: Diversity of bird species in Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia | journal=Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity | volume=22 | issue=12 | doi=10.13057/biodiv/d221206 | doi-access=free }}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Corvidae}}
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Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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