Sundaic island thrush
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Anis gunung (Turdus poliocephalus) in Gurung Merapi National Park.jpg
| image_caption = Adult male T. j. javanicus, Gurung Merapi, central Java
| status = NE
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =
| genus = Turdus
| species = javanicus
| authority = Horsfield, 1821
| synonyms =
| range_map =
}}
The Sundaic island thrush (Turdus javanicus), also known as the Sunda island thrush,{{cite web |title=Sunda Island-Thrush |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=58C08CDC97B1364C |website=Avibase |access-date=20 October 2024}} is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. Prior to 2024, the Sundaic island thrush was considered to be eight separate subspecies of the island thrush.{{cite web | title=Thrushes – IOC World Bird List | website=IOC World Bird List – Version 14.2 | date=2025-02-20 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/thrushes/ | access-date=2025-05-07}} It has the largest distribution in the island thrush complex, ranging from northern Sumatra south to Java, with a disjunct population in northern Borneo.
Taxonomy
The Sundaic island thrush's nominate subspecies, T. j. javanicus was first described in 1821 by American naturalist Thomas Horsfield as Turdus javanicus. It was later considered to be a subspecies of Island thrush. In 2024, following a phylogenic study of Island thrush subspecies in 2023, the Island thrush was split into 17 different species by the IOC and Clements checklist.{{cite journal |last1=Reeve |first1=Andrew Hart |last2=Gower |first2=Graham |last3=Pujolar |first3=José Martín |last4=Smith |first4=Brian Tilston |title=Population genomics of the island thrush elucidates one of earth's great archipelagic radiations |journal=Evolution Letters |date=January 2023 |volume=7 |issue=1 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370065160_Population_genomics_of_the_island_thrush_elucidates_one_of_earth's_great_archipelagic_radiations |access-date=20 October 2024}}{{cite web |title=Proposed Splits/Lumps |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/proposed-splits/ |website=IOC World Bird List v14.2 |access-date=20 October 2024}}{{cite web |title=2024 Taxonomy Update—COMING SOON |url=https://ebird.org/news/2024-taxonomy-update |website=eBird |access-date=20 October 2024}}
It currently has seven accepted subspecies:
- T. j. fumidus Müller, 1844 - Found in West Java in the Mount Gede and Mount Papandayan regions (syn. T. j. biesenbachi Stresemann, 1930)
- T. j. indrapurae Robinson & Kloss, 1916 - Found in Southwest Sumatra
- T. j. javanicus Horsfield, 1821 - Found in Central Java
- T. j. loeseri Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 - Found in Northern Sumatra
- T. j. seebohmi (Sharpe, 1888) - Found in Northern Borneo
- T. j. stresemanni Bartels, 1938 - Found in West Java in the Mount Lawu region
- T. j. whiteheadi (Seebohm, 1893) - Found in East Java
Description
File:Turdus javanicus whiteheadi, Ranu Kumbolo, Gunung Mahameru, East Java, Indonesia 1.jpg
The Sundaic island thrush is a medium-sized thrush 21.5–25.5 cm long, with no difference in plumage between the males and females. The legs, feet and bill are yellow to orange-yellow.{{cite book | last=Clement | first=Peter | last2=Hathway | first2=Ren | title=Thrushes | publisher=A&C Black | publication-place=London | date=2000-11-30 | isbn=0-7136-3940-7 | page=146–148, 361–363}} The nominate subspecies is dull brown all over except for a paler, greyer head. Several of the other subspecies, including T. j. fumidus, T. j. indrapurae, T. j. seebohmi and T. j. whiteheadi, differ in having a distinct orange tone on the belly, but are otherwise similar; T. j. stresemanni is darker reddish on the belly and also on its wings. T. j. loeseri is darker than the other subspecies, blackish or very dark brown. There is also some variation in size, with nominate T. j. javanicus the smallest at 21.5–23 cm, and T. j. seebohmi the largest at 24–25.5 cm.
References
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External links
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Turdus javanicus}}
{{Passeriformes}}
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