Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari
{{Short description|Islamic scholar (1892–1961)}}
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{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari
| image = Syed-Ataullah-Shah-Bukhari-RA.jpg
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| other_name = Shah jee
| birth_name = Syed Ata Ullah Shah
| birth_date = 23 November 1892
| birth_place = Patna, Bengal Presidency, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|08|21|1892|09|23}}
| death_place = Multan, West Pakistan, Pakistan
| resting_place = Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| occupation = {{flatlist|
- Khatabat
- orator
- poet
- political activist
- historian
- Islamic scholar
}}
| citizenship = {{Flag|British India|name=British Indian}} (1892–1947)
{{Flag|Pakistan|name=Pakistani}} (1947–1961)
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| denomination = Sunni
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| office1 = President of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
| term_start1 = 29 December 1929
| term_end1 = 1930
| term_start2 = 1946
| term_end2 = 1948
| office3 = 1st Emir of Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat
| term_start3 = 1949
| term_end3 = 1961
| predecessor3 = None (office created)
| successor3 = Qazi Ahsan Ahmed Shuja Abadi
| party = Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
| background = #dc143c
| children = Syed Abuzar Bukhari
Syed Ata-ul-Mohsin Bukhari
Syed Ata-ul-Muhaimin Bukhari
Syed Ata-ul-Momin Bukhari
}}
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (Urdu سید عطاء اللہ شاہ بخاری){{cite book |author1=Sayyidah Umm-e-Kafeel Bukhari |title=Sayyidi wa Abi |publisher=Bukhari Academy |location=Multan |url=https://archive.org/download/omartlg_yahoo_Syd/syd.pdf |accessdate=28 April 2020 |language=Urdu}} (23 September 1892 – 21 August 1961), was a Muslim Hanafi scholar, religious and political leaderChaudhry Afzal Haq, Tarikh-e-Ahrar, (Lahore:Maktabah Majlis-e-Ahrar, 1940) P.47 from the Indian subcontinent. He was one of the Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam's founding members. His biographer, Agha Shorish Kashmiri, states that Bukhari's greatest contribution had been his germination of strong anti-British feelings among the Indian Muslims.Samina Awan, Political islam in colonial Punjab Majlis-e-Ahrar 1929–1949, P.153, Politics of Islamic symbolism, The MAI: Politics of Personalities, Oxford University Press He is one of the most notable leaders of the Ahrar movement which was associated with opposition to Muhammad Ali Jinnah and opposition to the establishment of an independent Pakistan, as well as opposition to the Ahmadiyya Movement.{{cite book |first = Kalim|last = Bahadur|title = Democracy in Pakistan: crises and conflicts|page = 176|publisher = Har Anand Publications|year = 1998}} He is considered as a legendary rhetoric, which made him famous among the Muslims.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}{{Cite journal |last1=Parveen |first1=Dr Kausar |last2=Awan |first2=Prof Dr Samina |date=2021-09-30 |title=ATA'ULLAH SHAH BUKHARI: 20TH CENTURY MUSLIM FIREBRAND AND ORATOR OF FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN SOUTH ASIA |url=https://www.phs.com.pk/index.php/phs/article/view/137 |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |language=en |volume=69 |issue=3 |issn=0030-9796}}
Birth and education
Born in Patna, British India, in 1892, he received his early religious education in what is now Gujrat, Pakistan and learned the Qur'an by heart from his father Hafiz Syed Ziauddin.Shorish Kashmiri, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (Lahore: Maktaba-i-Chattan, 1969), vol. 1, p. 19. He migrated to Amritsar in 1914 when he was 22 years old. He completed his early education by subscribing to a purist view of Islam, and remained associated with the Deoband School in Saharanpur district. Bukhari began his career as a religious preacher in a small mosque in Amritsar, and taught the Quran for the next 40 years.Shorish Kashmiri, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (Lahore: Chattan, 1978) He shared friendship with a section of socialists and communists but did not accept their ideology completely.Samina Awan, Political islam in colonial Punjab Majlis-e-Ahrar 1929–1949, P.154, Politics of Islamic symbolism, The MAI: Politics of Personalities, Oxford University Press He was ‘imbued with a brilliant exposition of romantic socialism, and led Muslims to a restlessness activism'.Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Modern Islam in India, p. 277. He studied the Sahih BukhariJanbaz Mirza, hayat-e-ameer-e-shariyat, (Lahore: Maktaba-i-Tabsra, 1968), p. 14. in jail when he was imprisoned for an anti-government religious speech.
Religious and political career
He started his religious and political career in 1916. His speeches graphically portrayed the sorrows and sufferings of the poor, and would promise his audience that the end of their sufferings would come about with the end of British rule.Abdul Latif Khalid Cheema, Prof. Abbas Najmi, Syed-ul-Ahrar, p.98 (Maktabah Tehreek-e-Talba-e-Islam, Chichawatni, 1977). As the first step of his political career, he began to participate in the movements of the Indian National Congress in 1921 from Kolkata where he delivered a loaded speech and was arrested on 27 March 1921 because of that speech. He became an eyesore to the administration, and an official view about him said:
Ata Ullah Shah is a man, who it is better to lock up in jail, away from Congress leaders than to parley with. He has spent a considerable part of his life preaching sedition. He is an amusing speaker, who can influence a crowd.See REPORT of THE COURT OF INQUIRY constituted under PUNJAB ACT II OF 1954 to enquire into the PUNJAB DISTURBANCES OF 1953 (Lahore: National archives of Pakistan, 1954). After Nehru reportJanbaz Mirza, Karvan-i-Ahrar (Lahore: Maktaba-i-Tabsra, 1968), vol. 1, p. 80. Bukhari created All India Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam{{cite web |url=http://www.geourdu.com/khabrain/others-news/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%90-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1/ |title=Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari or Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam |publisher=Geourdu.com |accessdate=28 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105190558/http://www.geourdu.com/khabrain/others-news/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%90-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1/ |archivedate=5 November 2012 |df=dmy-all }} with Mazhar Ali Azhar, Chaudhry Afzal Haq, Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi, Hissam-ud-Din, Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari and Zafar Ali Khan on 29 December 1929. Later on the prominent Barelvi orator Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah also joined them. He was also the founding father of Majlis-e-Ahrar, Indian nationalist Muslim political movement in India. In 1943, Ahrar passed a resolution opposing the partition of India and "introduced a sectarian element into its objections by portraying Jinnah as an infidel in an attempt to discredit his reputation."{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Adil Hussain |title=From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia |date=2015 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253015297 |page=148 |language=English|quote=Soon thereafter, in 1943, the Ahrar passed a resolution officially declaring itself against partition, which posed a problem in that it put the Ahrar in direct opposition to the Muslim League. The Ahrar introduced a sectarian element into its objections by portraying Jinnah as an infidel in an attempt to discredit his reputation.}} He led a movement against Ahmadis and held an Ahrar Tableegh Conference at Qadian in 21–23 October 1934. Bukhari was a central figure in the Khatme Nabuwwat Movement of 1953,REPORT of THE COURT OF INQUIRY constituted under PUNJAB ACT II OF 1954 to enquire into the PUNJAB DISTURBANCES OF 1953 which demanded that government of Pakistan declare the Qadianis as non-Muslims.
Oratory and poetry
He became known for his oratory. He was also a poet and most of his poetry was in Persian. His poetic verses were compiled by his eldest son Syed Abuzar Bukhari in 1956 under the name of Sawati-ul-ilham.Syedah Umm-e-Kafeel, Syedi-wa -abi, (Multan:Maktabah Ahrar, Bukhari academy, 2007), P.156
Death
Bukhari died on 21 August 1961.Janbaz Mirza, last chapter, hayat-e-ameer-e-Shariyat He is buried in Multan, Pakistan. on Tareen Road Children Complex.
References
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Sources
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- {{Cite journal |last1=Yaqoob |first1=Hafiz Sajid |last2=Amjad |first2=Muhammad |date=2021 |title=Role of Syed Atta Ullah Shah Bukhari in the Religious Movements of Sub-Continent (Analytical Study) |url=https://journals.uom.edu.pk/murjis/article/view/189 |journal=Malakand University Research Journal of Islamic Studies |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=99–114 |issn=2708-6577}}
- [http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper/lahore/2012-09-07/page-9 Syed Ata ullah shah bukhari ka aqeeda-e-khatm-e-nubuwwat]
- [http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper/Lahore/2011-09-07/page-9/detail-3 Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhaqri ka khitab (Nawai-waqt Newspaper)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928160129/http://www.dailypak.com/epaper/2010/August/21-08-10/allimages/col-2.html Column of Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402071037/http://e.jang.com.pk/08-19-2011/Lahore/pic.asp?picname=05_05.gif Column of Professor Khalid Shibbir Ahmad]
- {{cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/27449945/Sawaneh-Syed-Ataullah-Shah-Bukhari-RA-by-Agha-Shorish-Kashmiri|title=Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari|author=Agha Shorish Kashmiri}}
- {{cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/52233745/hayat-e-ameer-Shariat-by-janbaz-mirza%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7|title=Hayat-e-Ameer-e-Shariat|author=Janbaz Mirza}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425013944/http://www.ahrarindia.com/sayeedAlahrar.html Syed-ul-Ahrar, Ameer-e-Shariat, Khateeb-ul-Hind, Maulana Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (rehmatullah-e-allaih]
- [http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper/Lahore/2012-06-29/page-9/detail-5 Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari ki zindagi (Nawai-waqt Column)]
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{{Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat}}
Category:Persian-language poets
Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Category:Pakistani religious writers
Category:Emirs of Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat
Category:Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat people
Category:Presidents of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam