Symphyotrichum boreale

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in family Asteraceae}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Symphyotrichum boreale 25146021 (cropped).jpg

| range_map = Symphyotrichum boreale distribution.png

| range_map_alt = Symphyotrichum boreale native distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; US — Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

| range_map_caption = Native distribution{{Sfnp|POWO|2021}}

| status = {{TNCStatus}}

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{Sfnp|NatureServe|2021}}

| display_parents = 5

| parent = Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum

| genus = Symphyotrichum

| species = boreale

| authority = (Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve{{Sfnp|Hassler|2021}}

| synonyms_ref = {{Sfnp|Hassler|2021}}

| synonyms = Basionym

Aster laxifolius var. borealis {{small|Torr. & A.Gray}}

{{Collapsible list|title=Alphabetical list|bullets=on

| Aster borealis {{small|(Torr. & A.Gray) Prov.}}

| Aster junciformis {{small|Rydb.}}

| Aster franklinianus {{small|Rydb.}}

| Aster eminens {{small|Nees}}

| Aster aestivus {{small|A.Gray}}

| Aster salicifolius {{small|Richardson}}

}}

Symphyotrichum boreale (formerly Aster borealis) is a species of flowering plant of the aster family (Asteraceae) native to North America. Commonly known as rush aster, northern bog aster, and slender white aster,{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of {{convert|85|cm|ftin|0|abbr=off}}.

Description

Symphyotrichum boreale is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches between {{convert|13|cm|in|abbr=off|frac=4}} and {{convert|85|cm|ftin|abbr=on|0}} high. The leaves, stem, and overall plant form are slender, and it produces long rhizomes. The inflorescence consists of one to several composite flowers. The ray florets are white to pale purple, and the disc florets are cream or pale yellow, becoming purplish.{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} The leaves are simple, with alternate or basal arrangement.{{Sfnp|Native Plant Trust|n.d.}}

Taxonomy

File:Symphyotrichum_boreale_NRCS_drawing.png of S. boreale]]

Symphyotrichum boreale was formerly included in the large genus Aster as Aster borealis. However, this broad circumscription of Aster is polyphyletic and the North American asters are now mostly classified in Symphyotrichum and several other genera.{{Sfnp|Semple|2021}}

Hybrids between this species and Symphyotrichum puniceum have been recorded and are called Symphyotrichum × longulum.{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}

File:Aster longulus specimen.jpg of Aster longulus, basionym of hybrid Symphyotrichum × longulum]]

Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum boreale is native to northern North America from Alaska to Newfoundland, and south to Colorado and West Virginia. It is found in wet, calcareous habitats including fens, marshes, swamps and wet meadows.{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}

Ecology

In addition to vegetative spread via rhizomes, dispersal is accomplished by wind-blown seed. The roots are colonised by symbiotic fungi including arbuscular mycorrhiza and dark septate endophytes. The sac fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, which causes a powdery mildew, is also known from this species.{{Sfnp|Les|2017}}

Conservation

Citations

References

{{Cite eFloras

| 1

| 250067627

| Symphyotrichum boreale

| volume = 20

| date = 2006

| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet

| last2 = Semple | first2 = J.C. | author-link2 = John C. Semple

| last3 = Allen | first3 = G.A. | author-link3 = Geraldine A. Allen

| last4 = Chambers | first4 = K.L. | author-link4 = Kenton Lee Chambers

| last5 = Sundberg | first5 = S.D. | author-link5 = Scott D. Sundberg

| access-date = 3 July 2021

}}

{{Cite book

| last1 = Hassler | first1 = M.

| date = 17 March 2021

| chapter = Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve – World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World

| chapter-url = https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/53Q6R

| editor1-last = Roskov | editor1-first = Y.

| editor2-last = Ower | editor2-first = G.

| editor3-last = Orrell | editor3-first = T.

| editor4-last = Nicolson | editor4-first = D.

| editor5-last = Bailly | editor5-first = N.

| editor6-last = Kirk | editor6-first = P.M.

| editor7-last = Bourgoin | editor7-first = T.

| editor8-last = DeWalt | editor8-first = R.E.

| editor9-last = Decock | editor9-first = W.

| editor10-last = van Nieukerken | editor10-first = E.J.

| editor11-last = Penev | editor11-first = L.

| title = Species 2000 {{&}} ITIS Catalogue of Life, 10 June 2021

| location = Leiden, Netherlands

| publisher = Naturalis Biodiversity Center

| issn = 2405-8858

| language = en

| access-date = 16 June 2021

}}

{{Cite book

| last1 = Les | first1 = D.H.

| year = 2017

| title = Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics

| publisher = CRC Press

| isbn = 9781482225020

| language = en

}}

{{Cite web

| last1 = Native Plant Trust

| date = n.d.

| title = Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Nesom

| url = https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/symphyotrichum/boreale/

| website = Go Botany (www.gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org)

| language = en

| access-date = 21 October 2021

}}

{{Cite web

| last1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe

| date = 4 June 2021

| title = Symphyotrichum boreale — Boreal Aster

| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145708/

| website = explorer.natureserve.org

| location = Arlington, Virginia

| language = en

| access-date = 16 June 2021

}}

{{Cite POWO

| id = 247111-2

| last = POWO

| date = 2021

| title = Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve

| access-date = 5 September 2021

}}

{{Cite web

| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple

| date = 27 April 2021

| title = An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae

| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters

| website = www.uwaterloo.ca

| location = Ontario

| language = en

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210527015756/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters

| archive-date = 27 May 2021

| url-status = live

| access-date = 22 June 2021

}}

boreale

Category:Flora of Canada

Category:Flora of the United States

Category:Plants described in 1841

Category:Taxa named by John Torrey

Category:Taxa named by Asa Gray