Symphyotrichum defoliatum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in family Asteraceae}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Symphyotrichum defoliatum 5242734-squared.jpg

| status = G2

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{sfn|NatureServe|2021}}

| display_parents = 4

| genus = Symphyotrichum

| parent = Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes

| species = defoliatum

| authority = (Parish) G.L.Nesom{{sfn|POWO|2021}}

| range_map = Symphyotrichum defoliatum range.png

| range_map_alt = Endemic range of Symphyotrichum defoliatum in California outlined in red: San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, and Peninsular Ranges.

| range_map_caption = Endemic range in California outlined in red{{sfn|Allen|2012}}

| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POWO|2021}}

| synonyms =

Basionym

Aster defoliatus {{small|Parish}}

{{Collapsible list|title=Alphabetical list

| {{Species list

| Aster bernardinus | H.M.Hall

| Aster chilensis var. bernardinus | (H.M.Hall) Cronquist

| Aster deserticola | J.F.Macbr.

| Aster menziesii var. bernardinus | (H.M.Hall) Jeps.

| Virgulaster bernardinus | (H.M.Hall) Semple

| }}

}}

Symphyotrichum defoliatum (formerly Aster bernardinus and Aster defoliatus) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name San Bernardino aster.{{sfn|USDA |2014}} It is endemic to Southern California where it grows in grasslands and meadows, and it is of conservation concern.

Description

Symphyotrichum defoliatum is a perennial herbaceous plant growing from a long rhizome to a maximum height of {{convert|150|cm|ft|abbr=off|sp=us|frac=4}}. Leaves are widely lance-shaped to oblong and pointed, the largest ones near the base of the stem reaching up to {{convert|12|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us|frac=4}} long. The stem and leaves are roughly hairy. The inflorescence is an array of flower heads with 15–40 pale violet ray florets around a center of golden disk florets. The fruit is a hairy cypsela with a long pappus.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}

{{Gallery

| align = center

| height = 90

| width = 120

| File:Symphyotrichum defoliatum 99902633.jpg |

| File:Symphyotrichum defoliatum 52998472.jpg |

| File:Symphyotrichum defoliatum 99902649.jpg |

| File:Symphyotrichum defoliatum 99902663.jpg |

}}

=Chromosomes=

Symphyotrichum defoliatum is an allopolyploid species likely derived from the backcrossing of S. falcatum (chromosome base number x = 5) with S. ascendens (base number x = 13), its hybrid derivative. The backcrossing produced this species with a unique base number of x = 18{{sfn|Semple|n.d.}}{{sfn|Semple|2021}} and diploid individuals with 2n = 36.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}

Distribution and habitat

San Bernardino aster is endemic to Southern California, where it is known only from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains of the Transverse Ranges, and from part of the Peninsular Ranges to the south. It grows in grassland and meadow habitats and in disturbed areas.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}

Citations

References

{{Cite Jepson eFlora

| last = Allen | first = G.A. | author-link = Geraldine A. Allen

| date = 2012

| id = 80964

| taxon = Symphyotrichum defoliatum

| access-date = 25 July 2021

}}

{{Cite eFloras

| 1

| 250067636

| Symphyotrichum defoliatum

| volume = 20

| date = 2006

| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet

| last2 = Semple | first2 = J.C. | author-link2 = John C. Semple

| last3 = Allen | first3 = G.A. | author-link3 = Geraldine A. Allen

| last4 = Chambers | first4 = K.L. | author-link4 = Kenton Lee Chambers

| last5 = Sundberg | first5 = S.D. | author-link5 = Scott D. Sundberg

| access-date = 15 July 2021

| via = eFloras

}}

{{Cite web

| author1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe

| date = 2 July 2021

| title = Symphyotrichum defoliatum San Bernardino Aster

| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150751/Symphyotrichum_defoliatum

| website = explorer.natureserve.org

| location = Arlington, Virginia

| access-date = 15 July 2021

}}

{{Cite POWO

| id = 1191110-2

| last = POWO

| date = 2021

| title = Symphyotrichum defoliatum (Parish) G.L.Nesom

| access-date = 22 July 2021

}}

{{Cite web

| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple

| date = n.d.

| title = Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes

| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes

| website = www.uwaterloo.ca

| location = Ontario

| language = en

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210722121433/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes

| archive-date = 22 July 2021

| url-status = live

| access-date = 22 July 2021

}}