Symphyotrichum ascendens
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in family Asteraceae}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=July 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (4972311526).jpg
| image_caption = Symphyotrichum ascendes
| status = {{TNCStatus}}
| status_system = TNC
| status_ref = {{sfn|NatureServe|2021}}
| display_parents = 4
| parent = Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes
| genus = Symphyotrichum
| species = ascendens
| authority = (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom{{sfn|POWO|2021}}
| range_map = Symphyotrichum ascendens distribution.jpg
| range_map_alt = Native distribution of Symphyotrichum ascendens in North America by state and province: Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Saskatchewan, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
| range_map_caption = Native distribution by state and province{{sfn|POWO|2021}}
| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POWO|2021}}
| synonyms = Basionym
- Aster ascendens {{small|Lindl.}}
{{Collapsible list|title=Alphabetical list
| {{Species list
| Aster adscendens | Lindl. ex DC.
| Aster armeriifolius | Greene
| Aster ascendens var. armeriifolius | A.Nelson
| Aster ascendens var. ciliatifolius | (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray
| Aster ascendens var. denudatus | (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray
| Aster chilensis subsp. adscendens | (Lindl. ex DC.) Cronquist
| Aster chilensis var. euadscendens | Cronquist
| Aster denudatus | Nutt.
| Aster denudatus var. ciliatifolius | Nutt.
| Aster griseus | Greene
| Aster lonchophyllus | Greene
| Aster macounii | Rydb.
| Aster nuttallii | Torr. & A.Gray
| Aster ramulosus | Nutt.
| Aster subgriseus | Rydb.
| Virgulaster ascendens | (Lindl.) Semple
| }}
}}
}}
Symphyotrichum ascendens (formerly Aster ascendens) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names western aster,{{sfn|USDA, NRCS|2014}} long-leaved aster,{{sfn|BSBI|2007}} and Rocky Mountain aster.{{Sfn|Taylor|1992|p=134}} Blooming July–September, it is native to western North America and can be found at elevations of {{convert|500–3200|m|ft|-2|sp=us|abbr=on}} in several habitats.
Description
Symphyotrichum ascendens is a rhizomatous, perennial, and herbaceous plant growing a branching, erect stem to heights between {{convert|20|and|60|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us|0}}. Leaves are widely lance-shaped to oblong and pointed, the largest ones near the base of the stem reaching up to {{convert|15|cm|in|abbr=on|sp=us|0}} long. The stem and leaves are roughly hairy in places.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}
The inflorescence is an array of many flower heads with many narrow violet to nearly white ray florets around a center of golden disc florets that open July–September.{{sfn|Allen|2012}} The fruit is a hairy cypsela with a long pappus.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} S. ascendens is similar to Symphyotrichum chilense, which has smaller flower heads.{{Sfn|Taylor|1992|p=134}}
{{Gallery
| align = center
| mode = packed
| height = 100
| File:Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (4990789236).jpg| Stems
| File:Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (4990787260).jpg| Leaves
| File:Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (3301176415).jpg| Involucre and phyllaries
| File:Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (4972311338).jpg| Ray and disk florets
}}
=Chromosomes=
Symphyotrichum ascendens has a chromosome base number of x = 13.{{sfn|Semple|2021}} There are diploid individuals (2n = 26) which occur in the western portion of its range, and tetraploid ones (2n = 52) found eastward.{{sfn|Semple|n.d.a}}
Taxonomy
S. ascendens is a member of the genus Symphyotrichum, sometimes called American-asters,{{sfn|Native Plant Trust|2021}} classified in the subgenus Ascendentes.{{sfn|Semple|2021}} Its basionym (original scientific name) is {{nowrap|Aster ascendens {{small|Lindl.}},}} and it has many taxonomic synonyms. Its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum ascendens {{small|(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom}}.{{sfn|POWO|2021}} In 1834, English botanist John Lindley formally described the plant that now is named Symphyotrichum ascendens.{{sfn|IPNI|2021}}
This species is allopolyploid, derived from the hybridization of S. spathulatum (chromosome base number x = 8) with S. falcatum (x = 5),{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} each from a different subgenus, Symphyotrichum and Virgulus, respectively.{{sfn|Semple|n.d.b}} This produced a plant with a unique base number of x = 13,{{sfn|Semple|2021}} also written x2 = 13 (8 + 5),{{sfn|Semple|n.d.a}} and it warranted its own subgenus, Ascendentes, and its own species name. One other species is placed within subgenus Ascendentes: S. defoliatum.{{sfn|Semple|n.d.b}}
Distribution and habitat
File:Symphyotrichum (Aster) ascendens (4990187045).jpg
Western aster is native to western North America from British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to the United States in Montana and North Dakota then south to New Mexico, west to California, north to Washington state, and all states in between.{{sfn|POWO|2021}} It can be found at elevations of {{convert|500–3200|m|ft|-2|sp=us|abbr=off}} in several habitats including grasslands, sagebrush steppe, and meadows.{{sfn|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}}
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Citations
{{Reflist|20em}}
References
{{refbegin|30em}}
- {{Cite Jepson eFlora
| last = Allen | first = G.A. | author-link = Geraldine A. Allen
| date = 2012
| id = 80315
| taxon = Symphyotrichum ascendens
| access-date = 25 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite eFloras
| 1
| 250067626
| Symphyotrichum ascendens
| volume = 20
| date = 2006
| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet
| last2 = Semple | first2 = J.C. | author-link2 = John C. Semple
| last3 = Allen | first3 = G.A. | author-link3 = Geraldine A. Allen
| last4 = Chambers | first4 = K.L. | author-link4 = Kenton Lee Chambers
| last5 = Sundberg | first5 = S.D. | author-link5 = Scott D. Sundberg
| access-date = 22 July 2021
| via = eFloras
}}
- {{Cite BSBI 2007
| last1 = BSBI
| date = 2007
| access-date = 17 October 2014
}}
- {{Cite IPNI | ref = {{Sfnref|IPNI|2021}}
| id = 272803-2
| taxon = Aster ascendens
| authority = Lindl., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Hooker) 2(7): 8 (1834)
| access-date = 25 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| author1 = Native Plant Trust | author-link1 = Native Plant Trust
| year = 2021
| title = Symphyotrichum (American-aster): Go Botany
| url = https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/genus/symphyotrichum/
| publisher = Native Plant Trust
| location = Framingham, Massachusetts
| website = Go Botany (GoBotany.NativePlantTrust.org)
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201128185638/https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/genus/symphyotrichum/
| archive-date = 28 November 2020
| url-status = live
| access-date = 24 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| author1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe
| date = 2 July 2021
| title = Symphyotrichum ascendens Western Aster
| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131605/Symphyotrichum_ascendens
| website = NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org)
| publisher = NatureServe
| location = Arlington, Virginia
| access-date = 17 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite POWO
| id = 981773-1
| last = POWO
| date = 2021
| title = Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
| access-date = 22 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple
| date = n.d.a
| title = Symphyotrichum ascendens x
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes/symphyotrichum-ascendens-x
| website = www.uwaterloo.ca
| location = Ontario
| language = en
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210722121516/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes/symphyotrichum-ascendens-x
| archive-date = 22 July 2021
| url-status = live
| access-date = 22 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple
| date = n.d.b
| title = Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes
| website = www.uwaterloo.ca
| location = Ontario
| language = en
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210722121433/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-subg-ascendentes
| archive-date = 22 July 2021
| url-status = live
| access-date = 22 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite web
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple
| date = 14 May 2021
| title = Symphyotrichum ascendens — Long-leaved Aster, Intermountain Aster, Western Aster
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/symphyotrichum-ascendens
| website = www.uwaterloo.ca
| location = Ontario
| language = en
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120935/https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/symphyotrichum-ascendens
| archive-date = 22 July 2021
| url-status = live
| access-date = 22 July 2021
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Taylor | first1 = Ronald J.
| date = 1992
| title = Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary
| url = https://archive.org/details/sagebrushcountry00tayl/
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Mountain Press Publishing Company
| location = Missoula, Montana
| language = en
| isbn = 0-87842-280-3
| oclc = 1036858077
| access-date = 20 January 2022
}}
- {{Cite PLANTS
| last1 = ((USDA, NRCS)) | author-link1 = Natural Resources Conservation Service
| date = 2014
| id = SYAS3
| taxon = Symphyotrichum ascendens
| access-date = 22 July 2021
}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{CalPhotos|Symphyotrichum|ascendens}}
- [http://bonap.net/FieldMaps/Home/SingleMap?taxonId=4539&mapType=County BONAP distribution map], Biota of North America Program, 2014
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q7661722|from2=Q38781856}}
Category:Flora of Western Canada
Category:Flora of the Northwestern United States
Category:Flora of the Southwestern United States
Category:Flora of North Dakota
Category:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Category:San Bernardino Mountains
Category:San Gabriel Mountains