TFAM

This gene encodes a mitochondrial transcription factor that is a key activator of mitochondrial transcription as well as a participant in mitochondrial genome replication. TFAM binds mitochondrial promoter DNA to aid transcription of the mitochondrial genome. Studies in mice have demonstrated that this gene product is required to regulate the mitochondrial genome copy number and is essential for embryonic development. A mouse model for Kearns–Sayre syndrome was produced when expression of this gene was eliminated by targeted disruption in heart and muscle cells.

TFAM is a double box High-mobility group DNA-binding and bending protein.{{cite journal | vauthors = Murugesapillai D, McCauley MJ, Maher LJ, Williams MC | title = Single-molecule studies of high-mobility group B architectural DNA bending proteins | journal = Biophysical Reviews | date = 15 November 2016 | doi = 10.1007/s12551-016-0236-4 | pmc = 5331113 | pmid=28303166 | volume=9 | issue = 1 | pages=17–40}} This bending action is important for mitochondrial transcription initiation in mammals, but not in yeasts with the homolog Abf2. TFAM may also participate in the packaging of the mitochondrial genome, as its binding activity is non-sequence-specific. {{cite journal |last1=Ngo |first1=HB |last2=Kaiser |first2=JT |last3=Chan |first3=DC |title=The mitochondrial transcription and packaging factor Tfam imposes a U-turn on mitochondrial DNA. |journal=Nature Structural & Molecular Biology |date=30 October 2011 |volume=18 |issue=11 |pages=1290–6 |doi=10.1038/nsmb.2159 |pmid=22037171 |pmc=3210390}}

TFAM has been shown to interact with TFB1M and{{cite journal | vauthors = McCulloch V, Shadel GS | title = Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 interacts with the C-terminal activation region of h-mtTFA and stimulates transcription independently of its RNA methyltransferase activity | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 5816–24 | date = Aug 2003 | pmid = 12897151 | pmc = 166325 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.16.5816-5824.2003 }} TFB2M.{{cite journal |last1=Hillen |first1=HS |last2=Morozov |first2=YI |last3=Sarfallah |first3=A |last4=Temiakov |first4=D |last5=Cramer |first5=P |title=Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation. |journal=Cell |date=16 November 2017 |volume=171 |issue=5 |pages=1072–1081.e10 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036 |pmid=29149603|pmc=6590061 }}

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• {{PDBe-KB2|Q00059|Transcription factor A, mitochondrial}}

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