TYW5
{{Infobox gene}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5) is a human protein that is encoded by the TYW5 gene.{{Cite web |title=TYW5 tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/129450/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}{{Cite web |title=TYW5 Gene - TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 |url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TYW5 |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=GeneCards - The Human Gene Database}}
Gene
TYW5 is located on chromosome 2q33.1 on the minus strand and spans 26,579 nucleotides.
= Gene neighborhood =
TYW5 is neighbored upstream by the genes C2orf69 (199,911,293 - 199,955,935) and Matrix AAA Peptidase Interacting Protein 1 (MAIP1) (199,955,317-200,008,540).{{Cite web |title=AceView: Gene:C2orf60, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&term=c2orf60&submit=Go |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}
Protein
The TYW5 protein consists of 315 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 36.5 kDa. TYW5 functions as a homodimer and relies on Fe²⁺ ions as cofactors for its enzymatic activity, specifically involved in tRNA modification.{{cite journal | vauthors = Key J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Krämer S, Hülse R, Khan NN, Meierhofer D, Gispert S, Koepf G, Auburger G | display-authors = 6 | title = Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms Reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence | journal = Cells | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 2229 | date = October 2020 | pmid = 33023155 | pmc = 7650593 | doi = 10.3390/cells9102229 | doi-access = free }}
Evolution
= Paralogs =
There are four known paralogs to TYW5.{{Cite web |title=Gene: TYW5 (ENSG00000162971) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 113 |url=https://useast.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Compara_Paralog?db=core;g=ENSG00000162971;r=2:199928913-199955736 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=useast.ensembl.org}}
= Orthologs =
File:Evolutionary History of C2orf60.png
TYW5 in Homo sapiens is shown to be highly conserved. It is found in many vertebrates and invertebrates, as displayed in the table 1.{{Cite web |title=Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query |url=https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins&PROGRAM=blastp&BLAST_PROGRAMS=blastp&QUERY=NP_001034782.1&LINK_LOC=protein&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Table 1: Selected Orthologs of TYW5 (C2orf60) !Genus/Species !Common Name !Class !Order !Accession Number !Sequence Length (aa) !Sequence Identity (%) !Divergence from Humans (MYA) |
| Homo sapiens
|Human |Mammalia |Primate |NP_001034782.1 |315 |100% | - |
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla
|Gorilla |Mammalia |Primate |XP_018878290.1 |315 |99.68% |8.6 |
| Artibeus jamaicensis
|Jamaican fruit bat |Mammalia |Chiroptera |XP_037023423.2 |315 |94.92% |94 |
| Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko
|River Hippopotamus |Mammalia |Artiodactyla |XP_057601540.1 |315 |94.57% |94 |
| Talpa occidentalis
|Spanish mole |Mammalia |Eulipotyphla |XP_037379687.1 |315 |94.29% |94 |
| Panthera tigris
|Tiger |Mammalia |Carnivora |XP_007094793.1 |315 |93.65% |94 |
| Ictidomys tridecemlineatus
|Thirteen-lined ground squirrel |Mammalia |Rodentia |XP_005340922.1 |315 |92.06% |87 |
| Eschrichtius robustus
|Gray whale |Mammalia |Artiodactyla |XP_068400800.1 |315 |86.84% |94 |
| Alligator mississippiensis
|American alligator |Reptilia |Crocodilia |KYO33633.1 |315 |81.90% |319 |
| Caretta caretta
|Loggerhead sea turtle |Reptilia |Testudines |XP_048726478.1 |315 |81.27% |319 |
| Gavia stellata
|Red-throated loon |Aves |Gaviiformes |XP_059676631.1 |318 |79.55% |319 |
| Gallus gallus
|Red junglefowl |Aves |Galliformes |E1C7T6.1 |318 |77.52% |319 |
| Pristis pectinata
|Smalltooth sawfish |Chondrichthyes |Rhinopristiformes |XP_051883094.1 |316 |77.20% |462 |
| Microcaecilia unicolor
|Tiny Cayenne Caecilian |Amphibia |Gymnophiona |XP_030065847.1 |354 |77.07% |352 |
| Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
|Atlantic sturgeon |Actinopterygii |Acipenseriformes |KAK1165839.1 |341 |72.82% |429 |
| Danio rerio
|Zebrafish |Actinopterygii |Cypriniformes |NP_001071011.1 |326 |66.99% |429 |
| Haliotis asinina
|Ass's-Ear Abalone |Gastropoda |Lepetellida |XP_067686775.1 |326 |65.91% |686 |
| Owenia fusiformis
|Tubeworm |Polychaeta |Canalipalpata |CAH1788010.1 |370 |65.33% |686 |
| Exaiptasia diaphana
|Pale anemone |Hexacorallia |Actiniaria |XP_020892862.1 |308 |60.34% |685 |
| Anabrus simplex
|Mormon cricket |Insecta |Orthoptera |P_066991715.2 |313 |59.40% |686 |
| Ornithodoros turicata
|relapsing fever tick |Arachnida |Ixodida |XP_064459258.1 |309 |54.18% |686 |
| Drosophila melanogaster
|Common fruit fly |Insecta |Diptera |7YXJ_A |322 |23.49% |686 |