Tabas

The history of Tabas dates back to pre-Islamic times. It was an important outpost of the Sassanid empire.

Due to its strategic location at the edge of the Great Salt Desert, and at the confluence of many roads, the geographer al-Baladhuri called the city "the Gate of Khurasan". {{Lands of the Eastern Caliphate|pages=359–361}} In the early Islamic period it was known as Tabas al-Tamr ({{lit.|Tabas of the Dates}}) due to a large forest of date palms that grew there, and later as Tabas Gilaki after a famous governor of the city, Abu'l-Hasan ibn Muhammad Gilaki, who in the mid-11th century had pacified the region. Along with the town of Tabas-e Masina further east, it gave its name to the local district, Tabasayn. In the 10th–11th centuries, the town is described as well fortified, with several villages around. Medieval and geographers note that it was amply supplied with water due to underground wells; the town even featured hot baths, and extensive lemon and orange plantations. In the late 11th century, it became part of the Nizari Ismaili state, and was besieged by the Seljuk Turks under Ahmad Sanjar in 1102.

Tabas was spared when the Mongols attacked Iran. It had a local government incorporating not only Tabas but also Ferdows and Gonabad. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it as under the control of the Zangu'i Arabs as an independent state which included nearby Tun.{{Cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Sir John|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=4zA-5-gEcD0C&pg=GBS.PA142|title=The History of Persia: From the Most Early Period to the Present Time|date=1829|publisher=Murray|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=Noelle-Karimi|first=Christine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kdl9oAEACAAJ|title=The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries)|date=2014|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|isbn=978-3-7001-7202-4|language=en}} For a time they even kidnapped Nader Mirza Afshar and placed the Kurds of Khabushan in control of Mashhad.

{{Main|1978 Tabas earthquake}}

In 1978, the 7.4 {{M|w}} Tabas earthquake affected the city with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 15,000 people were killed. Since then, the city has been rebuilt with many new streets, parks and public buildings.

{{Main|Operation Eagle Claw}}

The failed rescue American operation Operation Eagle Claw on 24–25 April 1980 to free American hostages in Tehran occurred near Tabas in Tabas Country about 127km southwest of Tabas town by the road to Yazd location (33.07020674739667;55.89196171977231).{{Citation |title=Operation Eagle Claw |date=2003 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412952590.n324 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Terrorism |access-date=2023-06-27 |place=2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781412952590.n324 |isbn=9780761924081 |url-access=subscription }} In Iran, the operation is called amaliat tabas (Tabas operation), and the significance and aftermath of the failed operation made the city Tabas known in almost every corner of Iran.:fa:عملیات طبس The Tabas air defense system is accordingly named so.

At first, Tabas County was part of Khorasan province. It became a part of Yazd province in 2001,{{Cite report|title=The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030193054/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173|archive-date=30 October 2020|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=Islamic Council|last=Adel|first=Gholam Ali Haddad|language=fa|access-date=27 December 2023|date=c. 2020|orig-date=Approved 3 September 1383}} joining South Khorasan province in 2013.{{Cite report|title=Approval letter regarding the abstraction of Tabas County from Yazd province and its annexation to South Khorasan province|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/839188|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529134641/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/839188|archive-date=29 May 2013|date=19 December 2013|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers|last=Rahimi|first=Mohammad Reza|language=fa|access-date=25 November 2023|orig-date=Approved 24 October 2013|id=Proposal 19089/42/1/19089; Notification 252554/T46736H}}

The people of Tabas speak a Khorasani accent of Persian that sounds somewhat different from the standard Iranian version ("Tehrani accent").{{cn|date=June 2024}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 30,681 in 7,962 households, when it was in Yazd province.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Yazd Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/21.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920085705/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/21.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 35,150 people in 9,903 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Yazd Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Yazd.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120180437/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Yazd.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 39,676 people in 11,876 households,{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017050122/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=17 October 2020}} by which time the county had been separated from the province to join South Khorasan province.

Tabas is in central Iran, 950 kilometers southeast of Tehran, in South Khorasan Province.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

It is a desert city with many date and citrus trees. It has a 300-year-old public garden (Bagh-e-Golshan).{{cite web |url=http://www.iranasia.com/bagh-e-golshan/ |title=Bagh-e-Golshan |author=Samira |date=18 January 2019 |website=Iran Asia |access-date=22 April 2021}} There is also a shrine in Tabas that is visited every year by thousands of pilgrims. Tabas has two universities with 2,500 to 3,500 students.{{Cite web |title=Islamic Azad University Tabas - {{!}} Admission {{!}} Tuition {{!}} University |url=https://www.unipage.net/en/18766/islamic_azad_university_tabas |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.unipage.net}} The city has hot summers, and people rarely see a winter snowfall.

Tabas has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh).

{{Weather box

| location = Tabas (1991-2020)

| single line = yes

| metric first = yes

| Jan record high C = 24.0

| Feb record high C = 31.0

| Mar record high C = 39.0

| Apr record high C = 40.3

| May record high C = 44.8

| Jun record high C = 48.5

| Jul record high C = 49.3

| Aug record high C = 49.7

| Sep record high C = 45.3

| Oct record high C = 41.0

| Nov record high C = 33.7

| Dec record high C = 27.3

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 14.7

| Feb high C = 18.2

| Mar high C = 23.9

| Apr high C = 30.6

| May high C = 36.4

| Jun high C = 41.7

| Jul high C = 43.3

| Aug high C = 41.5

| Sep high C = 38.0

| Oct high C = 31.5

| Nov high C = 22.8

| Dec high C = 16.5

| year high C = 29.9

| Jan mean C = 8.3

| Feb mean C = 11.4

| Mar mean C = 16.9

| Apr mean C = 23.6

| May mean C = 29.7

| Jun mean C = 34.8

| Jul mean C = 36.5

| Aug mean C = 34.5

| Sep mean C = 30.0

| Oct mean C = 23.4

| Nov mean C = 15.3

| Dec mean C = 9.7

| year mean C = 22.8

| Jan low C = 3.6

| Feb low C = 6.1

| Mar low C = 11.1

| Apr low C = 17.2

| May low C = 22.9

| Jun low C = 27.4

| Jul low C = 29.5

| Aug low C = 27.4

| Sep low C = 22.6

| Oct low C = 16.7

| Nov low C = 9.9

| Dec low C = 5.0

| year low C = 16.6

| Jan record low C = -6.4

| Feb record low C = -4.2

| Mar record low C = -0.2

| Apr record low C = 4.2

| May record low C = 12.0

| Jun record low C = 18.6

| Jul record low C = 23.4

| Aug record low C = 18.8

| Sep record low C = 12.6

| Oct record low C = 7.8

| Nov record low C = -5.9

| Dec record low C = -5.2

| year record low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 15.3

| Feb precipitation mm = 13.8

| Mar precipitation mm = 19.0

| Apr precipitation mm = 13.1

| May precipitation mm = 3.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 0.2

| Jul precipitation mm = 0.0

| Aug precipitation mm = 0.1

| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0

| Oct precipitation mm = 0.9

| Nov precipitation mm = 4.4

| Dec precipitation mm = 11.0

| year precipitation mm = 81.6

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 3.0

| Feb precipitation days = 2.8

| Mar precipitation days = 3.2

| Apr precipitation days = 2.5

| May precipitation days = 0.8

| Jun precipitation days = 0.1

| Jul precipitation days = 0.0

| Aug precipitation days = 0.0

| Sep precipitation days = 0.0

| Oct precipitation days = 0.2

| Nov precipitation days = 1.5

| Dec precipitation days = 2.2

| year precipitation days = 16.3

| Jan humidity = 50

| Feb humidity = 42

| Mar humidity = 35

| Apr humidity = 27

| May humidity = 20

| Jun humidity = 14

| Jul humidity = 14

| Aug humidity = 14

| Sep humidity = 15

| Oct humidity = 22

| Nov humidity = 34

| Dec humidity = 47

| year humidity = 27.8

| Jan dew point C =-2.5

| Feb dew point C =-2.4

| Mar dew point C =-0.8

| Apr dew point C =1.7

| May dew point C =2.7

| Jun dew point C =2.2

| Jul dew point C =3.4

| Aug dew point C =2.6

| Sep dew point C =-0.2

| Oct dew point C =-0.7

| Nov dew point C =-1.5

| Dec dew point C =-2.1

| Jan sun = 211

| Feb sun = 210

| Mar sun = 239

| Apr sun = 268

| May sun = 322

| Jun sun = 358

| Jul sun = 371

| Aug sun = 361

| Sep sun = 321

| Oct sun = 292

| Nov sun = 232

| Dec sun = 215

| year sun = 3400

| source = NOAA NCEI{{cite web

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Tabas_40791.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 2 August 2023}}}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Tabas

|collapsed = yes

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 13.6

|Feb high C = 17.2

|Mar high C = 23.0

|Apr high C = 29.4

|May high C = 35.3

|Jun high C = 40.7

|Jul high C = 42.2

|Aug high C = 40.5

|Sep high C = 37.1

|Oct high C = 30.6

|Nov high C = 22.6

|Dec high C = 15.6

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 7.7

|Feb mean C = 10.9

|Mar mean C = 16.3

|Apr mean C = 22.4

|May mean C = 28.1

|Jun mean C = 33.0

|Jul mean C = 35.0

|Aug mean C = 33.0

|Sep mean C = 28.8

|Oct mean C = 22.6

|Nov mean C = 15.4

|Dec mean C = 9.4

|Jan low C = 1.8

|Feb low C = 4.6

|Mar low C = 9.5

|Apr low C = 15.4

|May low C = 20.9

|Jun low C = 25.3

|Jul low C = 27.7

|Aug low C = 25.4

|Sep low C = 20.5

|Oct low C = 14.6

|Nov low C = 8.2

|Dec low C = 3.3

|year low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 16.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 14.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 16.8

|Apr precipitation mm = 12.6

|May precipitation mm = 4.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 0.2

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 0.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 0.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 1.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 3.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 12.9

|Jan humidity = 57

|Feb humidity = 48

|Mar humidity = 39

|Apr humidity = 33

|May humidity = 26

|Jun humidity = 19

|Jul humidity = 19

|Aug humidity = 19

|Sep humidity = 21

|Oct humidity = 28

|Nov humidity = 39

|Dec humidity = 52

|year humidity =

|Jan precipitation days = 3

|Feb precipitation days = 2

|Mar precipitation days = 2

|Apr precipitation days = 1

|May precipitation days = 0

|Jun precipitation days = 0

|Jul precipitation days = 0

|Aug precipitation days = 0

|Sep precipitation days = 0

|Oct precipitation days = 0

|Nov precipitation days = 1

|Dec precipitation days = 2

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|source 1 = https://irimo.ir}}

The agricultural products of this desert city are very significant. Products such as: oranges, pistachios, dates, persimmons, summer fruits and daffodils; Also, tea bread, chickpea bread, and jams that are prepared from agricultural products, such as: spring orange jam, balang jam, orange peel jam, and Tabas mountain and local liqueurs.{{Cite web |last=Group |first=Baniboom |title=Tabas - Tabas City Ecotourist and Tourist and Sights list |url=https://www.baniboom.com/en/city/tabas-city/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Baniboom |language=en}}

Tabas has some of the richest coal mines of Iran.{{Cite web |date=2020-04-05 |title=Visit Tabas Tourist Attractions, Historical & Natural {{!}} Destination Iran |url=https://www.destinationiran.com/visit-tabas-tourist-attractions.htm |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.destinationiran.com |language=en-US}}

The 2024 Tabas coal mine explosion in the Tabas Parvadeh 5 Mine claimed at least 51 lives.

Multiple bus lines, a railroad station and an airport connect Tabas to Mashhad, Yazd, Tehran, Kerman and Birjand (the capital city of South Khorasan province).

• Abbas Vaez-Tabasi, born 25 June 1935 in Tabas; Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board
• Massoud Rajavi, born 18 August 1948 in Tabas; one of the two leaders of the People's Mujahedin of Iran

File:Pelikan234.jpg|Golshan Garden

File:گلدسته امامزاده کاظم در طبس.jpg

File:داخل باغ گلشن3.JPG|Golshan Garden

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{{South Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Tabas County|state=collapsed}}

Category:Cities in South Khorasan province

Category:Populated places in Tabas County

Category:Oases of Iran

Category:Populated places destroyed by earthquakes

pnb:شہرستان طبس