Takyeh
{{Short description|Place in Iran where Husayn bin Ali is mourned by Shia}}
{{about|the takyas of Iran|the history and usage of the term in the Islamic world in general|Takya}}
{{other uses}}
Image:Tekiyeh amir chaghmagh yazd.jpg in Yazd, Iran]]
In Iran, the word takyeh ({{langx|fa|label=Iranian Persian|تکیه|translit=takye}}{{cite book|entry=تکیه|title=New Persian-English Dictionary|author=Hayyim, Sulayman|authorlink=Sulayman Hayyim|volume=1|page=469|location=Teheran|publisher=Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim|year=1934|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=تکیه&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}) is mostly used as a synonym of husayniyya (or hoseyniyeh in Iranian Persian; building where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram),{{cite book|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA318|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8|pages=318–}}{{cite web|last=Chelkowski|first=Peter|title=TAʿZIA|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tazia|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=5 October 2015}}{{cite web|title=تکیه در تهران |url=http://seeiran.ir/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/|access-date=5 October 2015}} although some takyehs also include a zaynabiyya (or zeynabiyeh, in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|page=320|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA320}} or an abbasiyya (or abbasiyeh, in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk.{{cite book|title=Diversity and Pluralism in Islam|author=Zulfikar Hirji|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wcqAQAAMAAJ}} Many takyehs are found in Iran,{{cite web|title=The lucrative business of mourning in Iran|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/nov/05/iran-high-cost-business-mourning|access-date=5 October 2015}} where there are takyehs in almost every city.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
History
File:تکیه دولت.jpg ('State Takyeh') in Tehran]]
In Classical Persian, a takya in the religious sense was originally a place for Sufi gatherings; Sufis were called {{lang|fa|تکیه‌نشین}} {{lang|fa|takya-nishīn}} or {{lang|fa|تکیه‌دار}} {{translit|fa|takya-dār}}. Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas became used as husayniyyas,{{cite book|title=معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية|author=محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي|year=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X46ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220|lang=ar|quote=بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.}} and the majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, like the Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. Tehran alone is said to have had up to 50 takyehs under the Qajar dynasty.
Architecture
Takyehs throughout Iran are usually designed with observable elements of Persian architecture.
Usage
Takyehs usually host ta'ziyeh performances.
Notable takyehs
- Takyeh Dowlat in Tehran
- Takyeh Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd
- Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah
- Takyeh Beyglarbeygi in Kermanshah
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Islamic architecture}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Portal bar|Religion|Islam|Education|Psychology|Art|Architecture}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Islam-stub}}
{{Iran-stub}}