Tamaš Hryb
{{Short description|Belarusian politician and writer}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Tamaš Hryb
|image = File:Tamaš Hryb. Тамаш Грыб (1925).jpg
|image_size = 150px
|alt =
|order =
|office = Interior Minister of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
|president = Piotra Krecheuski
|term_start = 13 December 1919
|term_end = 23 August 1923
|predecessor =
|successor =
|office2 = Agriculture Minister of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
|president2 = Jan Sierada
|jr/sr2 =
|state2 =
|term_start2 = 21 February 1918
|term_end2 = July 1918
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|office3 =
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|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1895|3|19}}
|birth_place = Paliany, Wilno Governorate, Russian Empire (today Astravyets District, Hrodna Region, Belarus)
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|01|21|1895|3|27}}
|death_place = Prague, Czechoslovakia
|resting_place = Olšany Cemetery
|party =
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|alma_mater = St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute, Charles University
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Tamaš Hryb ({{langx|be|Тамаш Грыб}}, Tamash Hryb, 7 March 1895 — 21 January 1938) was a Belarusian politician, journalist and writer.
Early life
Tamaš Hryb was born into a peasant family in the village of Paliany in what is now the border region of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania.
After completing elementary education in local schools, he studied in St. Petersburg. He served in the Russian Navy, then went to study at the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute.
As a student, he became an active member of Belarusian political groups in St. Petersburg.[http://www.slounik.org/149426.html Hryb Tamaš] - slounik.org After the February Revolution, he became a full-time politician organising Belarusian soldiers and workers in the western part of the Russian Empire. Hryb became a notable political writer, ideologist and populariser of the Belarusian national liberation and an independent Belarusian state. He joined the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) and participated in the October Revolution.
Statesman in the Belarusian Democratic Republic
In December 1917, Tamaš Hryb became one of the organisers of the First All-Belarusian Congress in Minsk. He was elected one of the secretaries of the Congress and became a member of the Executive Council of the Congress which eventually transformed into the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.
Hryb was one of the co-authors of the Constituent Charters of Belarus which proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic and subsequently declared the independence of Belarus on 25 March 1918. Tamaš Hryb was a member of the first government of the republic and a diplomat.{{Cite book|last=Арлоў|first=Уладзімер|url=https://docs.rferl.org/be-BY/2020/11/07/96247f72-a7e0-4382-ad1c-ec68459cf6b7.pdf|title=ІМЁНЫ СВАБОДЫ|publisher=Радыё Свабодная Эўропа / Радыё Свабода|year=2020|isbn=978-0-929849-83-6|edition=4th|series=Бібліятэка Свабоды. ХХІ стагодзьдзе|pages=174–5|language=be|trans-title=The names of freedom|access-date=2021-08-30}}
Alongside Paluta Badunova and Jazep Mamońka, Hryb co-founded the {{Interlanguage link|Belarusian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries|lt=Belarusian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries|be-tarask|Беларуская партыя сацыялістаў-рэвалюцыянэраў}} in 1918[https://rcin.org.pl/Content/63974/WA303_83537_SDR-51-2-SI_Gierowska.pdf The biographies of leading Belarusian activists in the light of information gathered by the Polish Governmental Commissioner for the City of Vilnius in 1924], by Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur, Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History at Polish Academy of Sciences - Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, LI-SI(2) and became its leader. For a short period of time in 1919, he published a Belarusian socialist newspapers: Hramadzianin ({{Langx|be|Грамадзянін}}, the Citizen ) in Wilno and Rodny kraj ({{Langx|be|Родны край}}, Native Land) in Hrodna .{{Cite book|last=Калубовіч|first=Аўген|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31688290|title=Крокі гісторыі: Дасьледаваньні, артыклы, успаміны|publisher=ГаМакс|year=1993|isbn=5-340-01437-1|location=Беласток|pages=57|language=be|trans-title=The steps of history: research, articles, memoirs|chapter=Акт 25 сакавіка й адраджэньне нацыянальнай беларускай культуры|oclc=31688290}} After six issues, the Rodny kraj newspaper was closed and its editor arrested by the occupying Polish authorities.{{Cite book|last=Кісялёў|first=Генадзь|title=Памяць: гiсторыка-дакументальная хронiка Глыбоцкага раёна|publisher=БелЭн|year=1995|isbn=985-11-0014-5|location=Minsk|language=be|trans-title=Remembrance: historical and documentary chronicle of Hlybocki district}}
Emigration
After 1921, Tamaš Hryb settled in Prague, where he received a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the Charles University in 1928. He founded and edited several periodicals dedicated to Belarusian studies and the Belarusian national liberation.
Tamaš Hryb founded and developed the Belarusian collection at the National Library of Czechoslovakia; he was also one of the co-founders and a long-time director of the Belarusian Archives in Prague.
Unlike some politicians of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, Hryb did not return to the Soviet Belarus in the 1920s and actively opposed the cooperation of the Belarusian national movement with the Soviets. Many of those who went back to Belarus or even just visited it, such as Francišak Aliachnovič and Branislaŭ Taraškievič, eventually became victims of Soviet repressions in Belarus.
Tamaš Hryb died in Prague on 21 January 1938 and was cremated on 25 January 1938. He was buried at the Olšany Cemetery in Prague.
See also
References
{{Wikisourcelang|be|Тамаш Грыб}}
{{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hryb, Tamas}}
Category:20th-century Belarusian historians
Category:Belarusian philosophers
Category:Belarusian expatriates in the Czech Republic
Category:Members of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
Category:Interior ministers of Belarus
Category:Charles University alumni