Tan Liok Tiauw

Born in Tangerang, Dutch East Indies in 1872, Tan hailed from a family of landlords and Chinese officers, part of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of colonial Indonesia. The Chinese officership was a high-ranking government position in the civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen.{{cite book|last1=Lohanda|first1=Mona|title=The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society|date=1996|publisher=Djambatan|isbn=9789794282571|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKlwAAAAMAAJ&q=kapitan+cina |accessdate=5 April 2018|language=en}}

His father, Tan Tiang Po, served as Luitenant der Chinezen in Tangerang from 1877 until 1885, while his grandfather, Luitenant Tan Kang Soey, sat on the Chinese Council (Dutch: 'Chinese Raad'; Hokkien: 'Kong Koan') of Batavia or modern-day Jakarta, capital of Indonesia.{{cite book|title=Almanak van Nederlandsch-Indië voor het jaar 1861|date=1861|publisher=Lands Drukkery|location=Batavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=elRVAAAAcAAJ&q=%22tan+kongsoeij%22&pg=RA1-PA73|language=nl}}{{cite book |title=Regeerings-almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie |date=1881 |location=Batavia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTxBAQAAMAAJ&q=%22tan+tiang+po%22 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |language=nl|last1=Indies |first1=Dutch East }} Tan's paternal great-grandfather was the tycoon Tan Leng (died in 1852), who was part of the powerful Ngo Ho Tjiang opium partnership.{{cite book |last1=Pax Benedanto |last2=Marcus A. S. |title=Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa 5 |date=2012 |publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia |location=Jakarta |isbn=9789799023759 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=midIDwAAQBAJ&q=%22tan+ling%22+pachter&pg=PA108 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |language=id}}{{cite book |last1=Chen |first1=Menghong |title=De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843-1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief |date=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789087281335 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_huVkwc49EC&q=menghong+chen |accessdate=19 September 2018 |language=nl}} Through his mother, Lim Hong Nio, Tan was a grandson of Lim Soe Keng Sia and Tan Bit Nio, as well as a great-grandson of Tan Eng Goan, the first Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia (1802-1872). As a descendant of Chinese officers, Tan Liok Tiauw held the hereditary title of Sia from birth.{{cite book|last1=Blussâe|first1=Lâeonard|last2=Chen|first2=Menghong|title=The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia|date=2003|location=Leiden|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004131574|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTnrUMIpwIYC&q=sia|language=en}}

Tan's sister, Tan Him Nio, was married to Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1908). His daughter, Corry Tan Pouw Nio (1900-1961), was married in November 1917 to the prominent, half-Austrian, colonial politician Loa Sek Hie (1898-1965).{{cite news |title=Familiebericht |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=%22tan+liok+tiauw%22&coll=ddd&page=1&facets%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=familiebericht&identifier=ddd%3A010169845%3Ampeg21%3Aa0113&resultsidentifier=ddd%3A010169845%3Ampeg21%3Aa0113 |work=Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië |issue=269 |publisher=NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen |date=14 November 1917}}{{cite book|last1=Suryadinata|first1=Leo|title=Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches|date=2015|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=9789814620505|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO6gCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA482 |language=en|edition=4th}} He also had two sons born to two different concubines: August Tan Tsjiang Kie and Jan Tan Tsjiang Bie.

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Mookervaart in de omgeving van een dakpannenfabriek TMnr 60014595.jpg]]

File:Gezicht op de toren van landgoed Tanjong West.jpg in the 18th century]]

Tan grew up between his family's townhouse in downtown Batavia and their principal private domain, the particuliere landerij of Batoe-Tjepper, an agricultural estate in Tangerang.{{cite web|title=Batoe Tjeper Cultuur|url=https://www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl/en/database-en/catalog/item/batoe-tjeper-cultuur-4|website=www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl|accessdate=29 December 2017|language=en-gb}} He was given a traditional Chinese education, but also had a private Dutch tutor.

Tan's father, Luitenant Tan Tiang Po, retired from his role as Landheer in the late 1880s, and handed over the management of Batoe-Tjepper to his son. Aged only 16, Tan Liok Tiauw not only improved the running of Batoe-Tjepper, but further developed an existing factory on the estate that manufactured building materials, roof-tiles and other terracotta products. Many important colonial buildings in Java, in particular in Batavia, were built using materials from the factory.{{cite web|title=Sistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya|url=http://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/siteregnas/public/objek/newdetail/PO2017080700005/index-infografis.html|website=cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id|publisher=Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Ministry of Education and Culture)|access-date=2018-01-31|archive-date=2018-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131200746/http://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/siteregnas/public/objek/newdetail/PO2017080700005/index-infografis.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite book|last1=Mulyani|first1=Ade|title=Jakarta: panduan wisata tanpa mal|date=2011|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|location=Jakarta|isbn=9789792258202|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPQXJzgFK68C&q=Jakarta:+panduan+wisata+tanpa+mal|language=id}}{{cite news|last1=Kompas Cyber Media|title=Mengenal Perbankan Masa Lalu - Kompas.com|url=http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/01/16/16100479/mengenal.perbankan.masa.lalu|work=KOMPAS.com|agency=Kompas|language=en}} In July 1923, Tan hosted Dirk Fock, the 30th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at Batoe-Tjepper as part of the latter's official visit to Tangerang.{{cite news|title=De Gouverneur-generaal naar Tangerang.|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=%22batoe+tjeper%22&coll=ddd&page=2&maxperpage=50&identifier=ddd%3A011023349%3Ampeg21%3Aa0055&resultsidentifier=ddd%3A011023349%3Ampeg21%3Aa0055|work=De Sumatra Post|publisher=J. Hallermann|date=20 July 1923}}

Tan inherited other agricultural landholdings from his father on the latter's death in 1912.{{cite news |title=Practisch. |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=%22landheer+van+batoe-tjepper%22&coll=ddd&page=1&identifier=ddd%3A010135754%3Ampeg21%3Aa0025&resultsidentifier=ddd%3A010135754%3Ampeg21%3Aa0025 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |work=Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië |issue=Jaargang 17. Nummer 196 |publisher=NV Mij tot Expl. van Dagbladen |date=23 August 1912}}{{cite book |title=De Indische gids |date=1912 |location=Batavia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mM4jAQAAIAAJ&q=%22tan+tiang+po%22 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |language=nl}} Many of these estates were consolidated in the landholding firm N.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tan Tiang Po, which was incorporated in 1899.{{cite web|title=Tan Tiang Po Landbouw|url=https://www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl/en/database-en/catalog/item/tan-tiang-po-landbouw-2|website=www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl|accessdate=29 December 2017|language=en-gb}} The company controlled the private domains of Rawa Buaya, Tanah Kodja, Pondok Kosambi, Minggoe Djawa and Kapoek, stretching from the western part of modern-day Jakarta to Tangerang.{{cite book|title=Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië|date=1933|publisher=Landsdrukkerij|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jYNAQAAIAAJ&q=%22tan+tiang+po%22+minggoe+djawa|language=nl}} A wide range of agricultural crops were cultivated on these landholdings: ranging from rice, coconut, other fruits and vegetables, and on to grass for animal feed.

Tan acquired a number of other business ventures. Together with the philanthropist O. G. Khouw (his brother-in-law's cousin) and D. N. van Stralendorff, he took over the tea and rubber estates of Tendjo Ayoe and Perbakti in the Preanger highlands in 1907.{{cite web|title=Koloniale Collectie (KIT) — Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden|url=http://koloniaal.library.leiden.edu/cgi-bin/ubl.exe?a=d&d=CCDEGH1915.1.22&dliv=none&e=-0-------2nl----10--1----------IN-0&st=1&l=en|website=archive.is|publisher=Universiteit Leiden|date=15 March 2015|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150315162711/http://koloniaal.library.leiden.edu/cgi-bin/ubl.exe?a=d&d=CCDEGH1915.1.22&dliv=none&e=-0-------2nl----10--1----------IN-0&st=1&l=en|archivedate=15 March 2015}}{{cite book|title=Regeerings almanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië|date=1913|location=Batavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfAwAQAAMAAJ&q=%22khouw%22+%22liok+tiauw%22|language=nl}}{{cite book|last1=Lucas|first1=Anton|last2=Warren|first2=Carol|title=Land for the People: The State and Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia|date=2013|publisher=Ohio University Press|location=Ohio|isbn=9780896802872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnYltof9Pr4C&q=introduction|language=en}} These plantations were among the largest privately-owned estates in Sukabumi, and had been established in the 1870s by the tea pioneer B. B. J. Crone, an uncle of the Indo-Dutch writer E. du Perron.{{cite book |last1=Ukers |first1=William Harrison |title=All about Tea |date=1935 |publisher=Tea and coffee trade journal Company |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmiVvQEACAAJ&q=%22all+about+tea%22+ukers |language=en}}{{cite news |title=B. B. J. Crone |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=%22B.+B.+J.+CRONE%22&coll=ddd&page=1&facets%5Bperiode%5D%5B%5D=1%7C20e_eeuw%7C1930-1939%7C&identifier=ddd%3A011121045%3Ampeg21%3Aa0089&resultsidentifier=ddd%3A011121045%3Ampeg21%3Aa0089 |work=Soerabaijasch handelsblad |agency=Kolff & Co |publisher=Kolff & Co |date=12 July 1938}}{{cite book |last1=Hendarti |first1=Latipah |title=Menepis Kabut Halimun: Rangkaian Bunga Rampai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam di Halimun |date=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia |location=Jakarta |isbn=9786024331313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jwr8DQAAQBAJ&q=%22b.+b.+j.+crone%22&pg=RA1-PA19 |accessdate=27 March 2019 |language=id}}{{cite web |title=Kees Snoek, E. du Perron. Het leven van een smalle mens |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/snoe003edup01_01/snoe003edup01_01_0045.php |website=Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren |accessdate=27 March 2019 |language=nl}}

As Director, Tan Liok Tiauw also headed N. V. Landbouw Maatschappij Tandjong West, a syndicate of landlords which purchased the old, eighteenth-century ‘particuliere land’ or estate of Tandjong West in 1917, today part of Jagakarsa in South Jakarta.{{cite web|title=Tandjong West Landbouw|url=https://www.colonialbusinessindonesia.nl/en/database-en/catalog/item/tandjong-west-landbouw|website=Colonial Business Indonesia|publisher=Leiden University|accessdate=25 February 2018|language=en-gb}}{{cite book|last1=Dutch East Indies Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel|title=Korte berichten voor landbouw, nijverheid en handel|date=1918|location=Batavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUhBAQAAMAAJ&q=%22LANDBOUW-MAATSCHAPPIJ+TANDJONG+WEST%22|language=nl}} Beyond Java, Tan acquired Hacienda del Coco in Lampung on the southern tip of Sumatra, a formerly struggling British-owned plantation, founded by The Lampong Coconut Estates, Ltd.{{cite news |title=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19130320-1.2.80 |accessdate=19 September 2018 |work=LAMPONG COCONUT ESTATES |date=March 20, 1913}}{{cite book |last1=Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur |title=Lijst van Ondernemingen |date=1918 |publisher=Departement van Binnenlandsch Bestuur |location=Dutch East Indies |page=26}} These Sumatran estates grew coconut and pepper, and — like many of Tan's other landholdings — were run by professional European estate managers.

Tan died in 1947 in Batavia, was buried at his family's private burial grounds at Kebon Besar in Batoe-Tjepper, Tangerang.

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Category:Indonesian Hokkien people

Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent

Category:People from Jakarta

Category:People from Tangerang

Category:1872 births

Category:1947 deaths

Category:Sia (title)

Category:Indonesian landlords

Category:People from the Dutch East Indies of Chinese descent