Tata Group#cite ref-70

File:IISc Bangalore.jpg in Bangalore foundation was laid by Jamshedji Tata.]]

File:Taj Mahal Hotel, Mumbai.jpg in Mumbai is owned by Tata Group.]]

During the cotton boom in Bombay triggered by the American Civil War, Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata and his father became involved with the Asiatic Banking Corporation. However, when the market declined, the firm faced significant financial difficulties. In 1868, the family’s fortunes improved substantially after securing a share in a profitable contract to supply the commissariat for Napier's expedition to Abyssinia. Throughout his career, Tata remained focused on four major aspirations: establishing an iron and steel company, building a landmark hotel, founding a world-class educational institution, and developing hydroelectric power.

In 1870, with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story | Tata group|website=www.tata.com|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020043116/https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline|url-status=live}} Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill, which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill. During his lifetime, in 1903, the company opened the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront as the first hotel with electricity in British India.

After Jamsetji's 1904 death, his older son Dorabji Tata became chairman. Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power. Fulfilling yet another dream, the Indian Institute of Science was established, admitting its first group of students in 1911.

File:J.R.D. Tata (1955).jpg was chairman of Tata Group 1938–1991.]]

J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|title=Tata Group {{!}} History, Companies, Subsidiaries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-20|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007040236/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tata-Group|url-status=live}}

In 1932, Tata founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata Airlines and then Air India).{{cite web | url=https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-group-our-heritage/Our-Timeline | title=Our Timeline: The Complete Story | Tata group }} In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons, though JRD Tata would continue as chairman until 1977.

In 1945, Tata Motors was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz. In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded.

File:Shri Ratan Naval Tata.jpg, the former chairman of the company, led the acquisition of several companies by Tata Group.]]

In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group.{{Cite web|title=Here's a brief history of the Tata Group's six chairmen|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=25 October 2016 |archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027054114/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/a-brief-history-of-the-tata-groups-six-charmen/story/238925.html|url-status=live}} This was also the year of economic liberalization in India, opening up the market to foreign competitors.{{Cite news|title=One more push|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|access-date=2020-07-31|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831091728/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push|url-status=live}} During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February 2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. The next year, the company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano, presenting it as "the world’s most affordable car," and acquired Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company.{{Cite web |title=World's cheapest car debuts in India |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=HISTORY |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319093344/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-cheapest-car-debuts-in-india |url-status=live }}

In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in e-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India, and completely bought Air Asia India. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital.{{Cite news|last=Shinde|first=Shivani|date=2021-12-27|title=Chandrasekaran lists 4 themes for Tata group, warns of Covid impact|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|access-date=2021-12-28|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228211511/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/chandrasekaran-lists-4-themes-for-tata-group-warns-of-covid-impact-121122700818_1.html|url-status=live}}

Tata-owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.{{Citation |title=Bewoor, Sir Gurunath Venkatesh, (died 29 Nov. 1950), ICS (retired); Director, Tata Industries Ltd, Bombay; Director-in-charge Air-India and Air-India International |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222593 |access-date=2022-06-17 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105619/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-222593 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}

The chairman of Tata Sons is usually the chairman of the Tata Group. As of 2020, there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group.

• Jamsetji Tata (1868–1904)
• Sir Dorabji Tata (1904–1932)
• Sir Nowroji Saklatwala (1932–1938)
• J. R. D. Tata (1938–1991)
• Ratan Tata (1991–2012, 2016–2017)
• Cyrus Mistry (2012–2016)
• Natarajan Chandrasekaran (2017–present){{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms|title=Supreme Court Stays NCLAT order restoring Cyrus Mistry as Chairman|date=11 January 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316141936/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/tata-vs-mistry-supreme-court-stays-nclat-order-favouring-cyrus-mistry/articleshow/73184138.cms|url-status=live|last1=Rautray |first1=Samanwaya }}

File:Tata Steel at Night.jpg plant in Jamshedpur]]

• February 2000 – Tetley Tea Company, $407 million{{cite web|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/aug/24spec.htm|title=Tatas' shopping spree: 27 in 6 years!|date=24 August 2006|work=Rediff|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501114248/http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/aug/24spec.htm|url-status=live}}
• March 2004 – Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, $102 million
• August 2004 – NatSteel's Steel business, $292 million
• November 2004 – Tyco Global Network, $130 million
• July 2005 – Teleglobe International Holdings, $239 million
• October 2005 – Good Earth Corporation
• December 2005 – Millennium Steel, Thailand, $165 million
• December 2005 – Brunner Mond Chemicals, $10 million
• June 2006 – Eight O'Clock Coffee, $220 million
• November 2006 – Ritz Carlton Boston, $170 million
• January 2007 – Corus Group, $12 billion{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-01/news/28480187_1_tata-steel-tata-corus-benjamin-steinbruch|title=Tata Steel gives India a pound of UK|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051126/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-01/news/28480187_1_tata-steel-tata-corus-benjamin-steinbruch|url-status=dead}}
• March 2007 – PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) (Bumi Resources), $1.1 billion
• April 2007 – Campton Place Hotel, San Francisco, $60 million
• January 2008 – Imacid Chemical Company, Morocco{{cite news|first=Heather|last=Timmons|title=Tata Pulls Ford Units into Its Orbit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/business/worldbusiness/04tata.html?sq=tata&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=7&adxnnlx=1238497443-4R16x3p9Aj5a8CErvf45bw|work=The New York Times|date=4 January 2008|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430193139/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/04/business/worldbusiness/04tata.html?sq=tata&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=7&adxnnlx=1238497443-4R16x3p9Aj5a8CErvf45bw|url-status=live}}
• February 2008 – General Chemical Industrial Products, $1 billion
• March 2008 – Jaguar Cars and Land Rover, $2.3 billion
• March 2008 – Serviplem SA, Spain
• April 2008 – Comoplesa Lebrero SA, Spain
• May 2008 – Piaggio Aero Industries, Italy (Sold Off in 2015)
• June 2008 – China Enterprise Communications, China
• October 2008 – Miljo Grenland / Innovasjon, Norway
• April 2010 – Hewitt Robins International, United Kingdom
• July 2013 – Alti SA, France
• December 2014 – Energy Products Limited, India
• June 2016 – Welspun Renewables Energy, India
• May 2018 – Bhushan Steel Limited, India
• February 2021 – BigBasket (68%) by Tata Digital
• June 2021 – 1mg (55%) by Tata Digital
• October 2021 – Air India, Air India Express and 50% stake in Air India SATS for {{INRConvert|18000|c}}.
• January 2022 – Nilachala Ispat Nigam Ltd, $1.5 billion
• June 2023 – Kaleyra, Inc by Tata Communications for $100 million.{{Cite web |title=Tata Communications to Acquire Kaleyra, a Leading Global CPaaS Platform Player, in All Cash Transaction |url=https://www.tatacommunications.com/press-release/tata-communications-to-acquire-kaleyra-a-leading-global-cpaas-platform-player-in-all-cash-transaction/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Tata Communications |language=en}}
• January 2024 – Tata Consumer Products acquired (75 % ) company equity of Capital Foods, which owns the brands Ching's Secret and Smith & Jones, for Rs. 5100 Crore.{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-01-13 |title=Tata buys Capital Foods for Rs 5,100 cr |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2024/jan/13/tata-buys-capital-foods-for-rs-5100-cr-2650614.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}

• Tata Interactive Systems
• Tata Oil Mills Company and its subsidiary Lakmé Cosmetics
• Tata Petrodyne

Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India,{{cite news |url=http://www.tata.com/0_our_commitment/community_initiatives/overview.htm |title=The rainbow effect |date=4 May 2008 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508084156/http://www.tata.com/0_our_commitment/community_initiatives/overview.htm |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0503tatagroup.htm |title=India's Tata Group: Empowering marginalized communities |date=4 May 2008 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110353/http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0503tatagroup.htm |url-status=live }} and received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy.{{cite news |url=http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |title=U.S. and Indian philanthropists recognized for conviction, courage and sustained efforts |date=4 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926022720/http://www.carnegiemedals.org/news/2007medals.html |archive-date=26 September 2008 |df=dmy-all}}

In 2008, Tata Group donated US$50 million to Cornell University for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell."{{cite news|title=$50 million endowment from Tata trust bolsters Cornell ties to India, and to eminent alumnus|url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/10/tata-trust-gives-50-million-endowment-cornell|work=Cornell|location=USA|date=17 October 2008|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613062603/http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/10/tata-trust-gives-50-million-endowment-cornell|url-status=live}}

In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20 billion (US$50 million) to Harvard Business School to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmers on the institute's campus in Boston, Massachusetts.{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=D. K.|date=2018-04-09|title=Tata Trusts accused of favouring Harvard over 'under-privileged' Indian universities|url=https://theprint.in/economy/tata-trusts-accused-of-favouring-harvard-over-indian-universities/47919/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230173813/https://theprint.in/economy/tata-trusts-accused-of-favouring-harvard-over-indian-universities/47919/|url-status=live}} The building, now known as Tata Hall,{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_tatas-gift-rs220-crore-to-harvard-business-school_1453288 |title=Tatas gift Rs220 crore to Harvard Business School – Mumbai – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192040/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_tatas-gift-rs220-crore-to-harvard-business-school_1453288 |url-status=live }} is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor.

In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$70 million to University of California, San Diego and also partnered with it in setting up [https://tigs.ucsd.edu/ Tata Institute for Genetics and Society (TIGS)] to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall.{{Cite web|title=Tata Hall|url=https://blink.ucsd.edu/sponsor/advancement/advancement-services/stewardship/named-buildings/Tata%20Hall.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=blink.ucsd.edu|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926143652/https://blink.ucsd.edu/sponsor/advancement/advancement-services/stewardship/named-buildings/Tata%20Hall.html|url-status=live}} It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego.{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=UC San Diego names new science center after Indian philanthropists|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sd-me-tata-building-20170911-story.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613115324/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/science/sd-me-tata-building-20170911-story.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Advances with Building Naming, Inaugural Chair Holders|url=https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/tata_institute_for_genetics_and_society_advances_with_building_naming_inaug|access-date=2020-10-01|website=ucsdnews.ucsd.edu|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915014805/https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/tata_institute_for_genetics_and_society_advances_with_building_naming_inaug|url-status=live}}

In 2017, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) donated an unprecedented US$35 million grant to Carnegie Mellon University, the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution, including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles.{{cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/april/tcs-hall-groundbreaking.html|title=Carnegie Mellon and Tata Consultancy Services Break Ground on Global Research Facility in the U.S.|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030253/https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/april/tcs-hall-groundbreaking.html|url-status=live}}

In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the Jamshedpur FC, a football club based on Jamshedpur of Jharkhand in the 4th edition of the Indian Super League.{{Cite web|date=2017-11-13|title=Why Indian Super League got the Tata Group to review its football investment|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-indian-super-league-got-the-tata-group-to-review-its-football-investment/story-HDd9RfPZ1rsbrneNUp7ZjI.html|access-date=2020-07-31|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927163427/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-indian-super-league-got-the-tata-group-to-review-its-football-investment/story-HDd9RfPZ1rsbrneNUp7ZjI.html|url-status=live}}

In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15 billion to PM Cares Fund to fight against COVID-19 pandemic in India.{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Kalpana|date=2020-03-28|title=Tata Group commits ₹1,500 crore to fight Covid-19|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-group-commits-1500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-11585403361686.html|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Livemint|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702213409/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/tata-group-commits-1500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-11585403361686.html|url-status=live}}

In 2024, The Tata Trusts Small Animal Hospital in Mumbai is a new animal welfare effort that Ratan Tata has started. This hospital, which is scheduled to open in March 2024, will be an innovative facility committed to provide modern medical care for pets, including dogs, cats, and rabbits. Ratan Tata is personally passionate about the idea, which was sparked by his own pet-related experiences.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Industrialist Ratan Tata's pet project of animals' hospital to come up in Mumbai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/industrialist-ratan-tatas-long-pending-pets-project-rolls-out-in-south-mumbai-2499506-2024-02-09 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}

Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by the members of the Tata family.

1. Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/sdtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126022224/https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/sdtt-board-of-trustees|url-status=live}}
2. * Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
3. * Lady Tata Memorial Trust
4. * JRD Tata Trust
5. * Jamsetji Tata Trust
6. * Tata Social Welfare Trust
7. * JN Tata Endowment
8. * Tata Education Trust
9. * RD Tata Trust
10. * The JRD and Thelma J Tata Trust
11. Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Allied Trusts|url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/srtt-board-of-trustees|access-date=2021-03-04|website=Tata Trusts|language=en|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126023600/https://www.tatatrusts.org/about-tatatrusts/srtt-board-of-trustees|url-status=live}}
12. * Sir Ratan Tata Trust
13. * Tata Education and Development Trust
14. * Navajbai Ratan Tata Trust
15. * Bai Hirabai J. N. Tata Navsari Charitable Institution
16. * Sarvajanik Seva Trust

==Controversies==

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, cronyism,{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/business/a-clash-atop-indias-tata-empire-has-a-titan-on-the-ropes.html | title=In India, a Clash at the Top of the Tata Empire Gets Ugly | work=The New York Times | date=17 December 2016 | last1=Anand | first1=Geeta }} theft,{{cite news|title=US jury slaps $940 million fine on Tata group in trade secret case|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/US-jury-slaps-940-million-fine-on-Tata-group-in-trade-secret-case/articleshow/51853815.cms|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} mass killings,{{cite web |author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601155706/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |url-status=live }}[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. The Telegraph, Calcutta, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024232026/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page |date=24 October 2018 }}.{{efn|Frequently, mass killings are aimed at displacing indigenous land claims.{{cite web |author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601155706/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |url-status=live }}[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. The Telegraph, Calcutta, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024232026/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page |date=24 October 2018 }}.{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chopped-palms-of-five-tribals-killed-found-scattered-in-odisha-club/story-BIm7V4GXABCZpOAWaPzvgO.html | title=Chopped palms of five tribals killed found scattered in Odisha club | date=19 November 2018 }}{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/rights/kalinganagar-development-threatening-way-life | title=Kalinganagar, Where 'Development' is Threatening a Way of Life }}}} and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens,{{cite web |author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=30 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730182056/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |title=India's Independent Weekly News Magazine |publisher=Tehelka |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106135311/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.zeenews.com/nation/2009-02-04/504665news.html |title=Ansari visits Myanmar tomorrow, 3 MoUs to be signed |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=4 February 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105652/https://zeenews.india.com/ |url-status=live }} and natural resources.{{cite news |title=Tata Group refutes charge of encroachment in Munnar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |agency=Hindu Times |publisher=HT Media Limited |date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064511/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301140847/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2021 |title=Singur's loss |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=7 November 2008 |access-date=2 February 2011}}

The Kerala Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that Tata Tea had "grabbed" forest land of {{convert|3000|acre|km2}} at Munnar. The Tatas provided that they possessed {{convert|58741.82|acre|km2}} of land, which they are allowed to retain under the Kannan Devan Hill (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of {{convert|278.23|ha|km2}} in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala V.S. Achuthanandan, who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential landholders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party.{{cite news |title=Tata Group refutes charge of encroachment in Munnar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |access-date=25 October 2018 |agency=Hindu Times |publisher=HT Media Limited |date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064511/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/tata-group-refutes-charge-of-encroachment-in-munnar/story-MtBwdg9n5vQQAIAy8uQI5N.html |url-status=live }}

On 2 January 2006, Kalinganagar, Tribal Orissa villagers protested against the construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of the deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination.{{cite web |author=Nityanand Jayaraman |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |title=CorpWatch : Stolen for Steel: Tata Takes Tribal Lands in India |publisher=Corpwatch.org |date=24 May 2006 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601155706/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13620 |url-status=live }}

In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune.[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page "Myanmar Ties." 8 December 2006. The Telegraph, Calcutta, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024232026/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/myanmar-ties/cid/747570?ref=search-page |date=24 October 2018 }}. In 2009, Tata Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists.{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |title=India's Independent Weekly News Magazine |publisher=Tehelka |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106135311/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Op210209india_ethical.asp |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.zeenews.com/nation/2009-02-04/504665news.html |title=Ansari visits Myanmar tomorrow, 3 MoUs to be signed |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=4 February 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105652/https://zeenews.india.com/ |url-status=live }}

The Singur controversy{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/dec/09tata.htm|title=Singur farmers: Why they oppose Tata plant|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134754/http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/dec/09tata.htm|url-status=live}} in West Bengal was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) state government, Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. Narendra Modi, then Chief Minister of Gujarat, made land available for the Nano project.{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301140847/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2522/stories/20081107252203700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2021 |title=Singur's loss |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=7 November 2008 |access-date=2 February 2011}}

On 31 August 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation.{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/singur-verdict-announced-sc-says-return-land-to-farmers-heres-a-timeline-of-the-case-2984206.html|title=Singur verdict announced, SC says return land to farmers: Here's a timeline of the case – Firstpost|date=2016-08-31|newspaper=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102070942/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/singur-verdict-announced-sc-says-return-land-to-farmers-heres-a-timeline-of-the-case-2984206.html|url-status=live}}

The Port of Dhamara has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets.{{cite web |url=http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5515 |title=India – Tata in troubled waters – Ethical Corporation |publisher=Ethicalcorp.com |date=November 2007 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=15 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415213556/http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5515 |url-status=live }} The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and Larsen & Toubro, has been criticised for its proximity to the Gahirmatha Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park by Indian and international organisations, including Greenpeace; Gahirmatha Beach is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the olive ridley turtle, and India's second largest mangrove forest, Bhitarkanika, is a designated Ramsar site, and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as the ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest.{{cite web |url=http://greenpeace.in/turtle/category/docs |title=Documents And Reports | Save the turtles |publisher=Greenpeace.in |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706184809/http://greenpeace.in/turtle/category/docs |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/sea-dredging-affecting-olive-ridley-turtles-says-green-body_10034689.html |title=Sea dredging affecting Olive Ridley turtles, says green body |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=5 April 2008 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=4 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004093953/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/sea-dredging-affecting-olive-ridley-turtles-says-green-body_10034689.html |url-status=live }}

Tata Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the company pledged to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it was first proposed.[https://www.tatasteel.com/media/3080/ccr-2010-11.pdf Tata Steel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908091804/http://www.tatasteel.com/media/3080/ccr-2010-11.pdf |date=8 September 2017 }} "Corporate Citizenship Report 2010/2011", TataSteel.com, 2011, page 20. Retrieved October 24, 2018.

In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a soda ash extraction plant in Tanzania.{{cite news|title=Dar annoys neighbours over $400m soda ash project|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/256646/-/t682syz/-/index.html|work=The East African|publisher=Nation Media Group|date=5 November 2007|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630001816/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/256646/-/t682syz/-/index.html|url-status=live}} Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near Lake Natron, and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers,{{cite news|first=Patty|last=Magubira|title=Tanzania: UK Activists Pile Pressure Against Soda Ash Project|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200805160426.html|work=The Citizen|location=Dar es Salaam|publisher=AllAfrica.com|date=16 May 2008|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=8 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808121015/http://www.allafrica.com/stories/200805160426.html|url-status=live}} jeopardising endangered lesser flamingo birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce.{{cite news|first=Maulik|last=Pathak|title=Tata Chemicals' African safari hits green hurdle|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Chem__Fertilisers/Tata_Chemicals_African_safari_hits_green_hurdle/articleshow/2504026.cms|work=The Economic Times|location=India|date=31 October 2007|access-date=21 June 2009|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112215502/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Chem__Fertilisers/Tata_Chemicals_African_safari_hits_green_hurdle/articleshow/2504026.cms|url-status=live}} Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake. 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction.

In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded Epic Systems a US$940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra."{{cite news|author1=Judy Newman|title=Jury trial begins in Epic Systems Corp. lawsuit against India's Tata Consultancy|access-date=16 April 2016|newspaper=Wisconsin State Journal|date=5 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416195514/http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html|archive-date=16 April 2016|url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/business/jury-trial-begins-in-epic-systems-corp-lawsuit-against-india/article_a9cc0620-62da-5b89-85d4-2654e87a8459.html}}{{cite news|author1=Kyle Murphy, PhD|title=Epic Systems Taking TCS to Court over Theft of Trade Secrets|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|access-date=16 April 2016|publisher=EHR Intelligence|date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416230911/https://ehrintelligence.com/news/epic-systems-taking-tcs-to-court-over-theft-of-trade-secrets|archive-date=16 April 2016}} In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced the Award to $420 million; the company states that the judgement is also being appealed, as "not supported by evidence presented during the trial and a strong appeal can be made to superior court to fully set aside the jury verdict.”[https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/award-to-epic-in-trade-secrets-case-reduced-from-million/article_1b1cdef4-16b6-5087-bb22-f0730898a98c.html Wahlberg, David] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220121/https://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/award-to-epic-in-trade-secrets-case-reduced-from-million/article_1b1cdef4-16b6-5087-bb22-f0730898a98c.html |date=12 July 2018 }} "Award to Epic in trade secrets case reduced from $940 million to $420 million", Wisconsin State Journal, October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2018.

In July 2018, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which "adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies,"{{cite web|title=National Company Law Tribunal constituted – new perspectives for dispute resolution| date=3 June 2016 |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6ddd99b-bba5-46fc-9b12-57206932b31d|publisher=Khaitan & Co|access-date=13 June 2016|archive-date=11 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811030214/http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6ddd99b-bba5-46fc-9b12-57206932b31d|url-status=live}} issued a verdict in the company's favor on charges of mismanagement leveled in 2016 by ousted chairman, Cyrus Mistry.{{cite news|title=Ratan Tata welcomes NCLT verdict|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64920213.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 July 2018|access-date=12 June 2018|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030513/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64920213.cms|url-status=live}}

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==Further reading==

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book|title=Tata: The Global Corporation That Built Indian Capitalism|author=Raianu, M.|isbn=978-0-6742-5953-9| year=2021|publisher=Harvard University Press }}
• {{cite book|title=Tata: Evolution of a Corporate Brand|author=Witzel, M.|isbn=978-8-1847-5391-2|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books Limited}}
• {{cite book|title=The Creation of Wealth: The Tatas From The 19th To The 21st Century|author=Lala, R.M.| isbn=978-9-3511-8347-1|year=2017|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited}}
• {{cite book|title=The Greatest Company in the World?: The Story of TATA|author=Casey, P.|isbn=978-9-3511-8810-0| year=2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited}}
• {{cite book|title=The Story of TATA: 1868 to 2021|author=Casey, P.|isbn=978-9-3530-5737-4|year=2021|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited}}
• {{cite book|title=The Tata Group: From Torchbearers to Trailblazers|author=Shah, S.|isbn=978-9-3530-5370-3|year=2018|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited}}
• {{cite book|title=The Tatas: How a Family Built a Business and a Nation|author=Kuber, G.|isbn=978-9-3527-7938-3|year=2019|publisher=Harper }}

{{refend}}

• {{Official website|http://www.tata.com/}}

{{Tata Group|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

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