Telescopium Herschelii
{{Short description|Former constellation}}
File:Telescopium Hherschelii photograph labeled.jpg]]
File:William Herschel Museum - celestial globe 2.jpg at the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, Bath]]
File:Telescopium Herschelii Major Constellation Position.jpg
File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Lynx and Telescopium Herschilii.jpg (1825), next to Lynx]]
Telescopium Herschelii (Latin for Herschel's telescope), also formerly known as Tubus Hershelli Major, is a former constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. Maximilian Hell established it in 1789 to honour Sir William Herschel's discovery of the planet Uranus. It fell out of use by the end of the 19th century. θ Geminorum at apparent magnitude 3.59 was the constellation's brightest star.
History
It was one of two constellations created by Maximilian Hell in 1789 to honour the famous English astronomer Sir William Herschel's discovery of the planet Uranus. Named Tubus Hershelli Major by Hell, it was located in the constellation Auriga near the border to Lynx and Gemini and depicted Herschel's 20-ft-long telescope. Its sibling was Tubus Hershelli Minor, which lay between Orion and Taurus. The two telescopes lay near Zeta Tauri, near where the planet Uranus was first spotted.
Johann Elert Bode renamed the constellation Telescopium Herschelii and omitted the smaller telescope constellation in his 1801 Uranographia star atlas. In his atlas, the constellation depicted Herschel's earlier 7-foot telescope. It was ignored by some celestial cartographers such as Argelander in 1843, Proctor in 1876, Rosser in 1879 and Pritchard in 1885, yet did appear in two works of the 1890s. However, it was noted by Allen in 1899 that it was becoming obsolete. In 1930, when the official borders of the constellations were drawn up, its stars were absorbed into Auriga, Gemini and Lynx.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_7NCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA421 | title=The Lost Constellations: A History of Obsolete, Extinct, or Forgotten Star Lore | author=Barentine, John C. | year=2015 | publisher=Springer | location=New York, New York | page=421| isbn=9783319227955 }}
Stars
ψ2 Aurigae (also known as 50 Aurigae), with an apparent magnitude of 4.8, was the second-brightest star in the constellation, Bode assigning it the designation 'a'.{{cite web| url= http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/telher.html | title=Telescopium Herschelii | work= Star Tales |author=Ridpath, Ian |author-link=Ian Ridpath |publisher=Self-published | access-date= 8 March 2016}} Located 420 ± 20 light-years distant from Earth,{{citation | first1=Floor | last1=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | arxiv=0708.1752v1 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | s2cid=18759600 | postscript=. }} Note: see VizieR catalogue [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/311 I/311]. it is an orange giant of spectral type K3III.,{{cite simbad | title=50 Aur | access-date=24 March 2016}} although the magnitude 3.60 star θ Geminorum is brighter. Other stars belonging to the constellation include ψ4, ψ5, ψ7, ψ8, ψ9, 63, 64, 65 and 66 Aurigae, and o Geminorum.
Thought to be around 4 billion years old, ψ5 Aurigae is a sunlike star of spectral type G0V that is around 1.07 times as massive as the Sun and 1.18 times as wide.{{cite journal | last1=Takeda | first1=Genya | last2=Ford | first2=Eric B. | last3=Sills | first3=Alison | last4=Rasio | first4=Frederic A. | last5=Fischer | first5=Debra A. | last6=Valenti | first6=Jeff A. | title=Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets. II. Physical Properties of ~1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume=168 | issue=2 | pages=297–318 |date=February 2007 | doi=10.1086/509763 | bibcode=2007ApJS..168..297T |arxiv = astro-ph/0607235 | s2cid=18775378 }} It appears to have a circumstellar disk of dust, known as a debris disk.{{cite journal | last1=Rodriguez | first1=David R. | last2=Zuckerman | first2=B. | title=Binaries among Debris Disk Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=745 | issue=2 | page=147 |date=February 2012 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/147 | bibcode=2012ApJ...745..147R |arxiv = 1111.5618 | s2cid=73681879 }}
= List =
This is the list of notable stars in the obsolete constellation Telescopium Herschelii, sorted by decreasing brightness.
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||||||||||||
| Name
! B ! F ! Var ! HD ! HIP ! RA ! Dec ! vis. ! abs. ! Notes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θ Gem | θ | 34 | 50019 | 33018 | {{RA|06|52|47.34}} | {{DEC|+33|57|40.9}} | 3.60 | −0.30 | 197 | A3III | style="text-align:left;" | | |
| ψ2 Aur | ψ2 Aur / a | 50 Aur | 47174 | 31832 | {{RA|06|39|19.83}} | {{DEC|+42|29|20.4}} | 4.80 | −0.81 | 432 | K3III | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur){{cite web
| last = ESA | author-link = European Space Agency | title = The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues | date = 1997 | url = http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/239 | access-date = 2006-12-26 }} | |
| ο Gem | ο Gem | 71 Gem | 61110 | 37265 | {{RA|07|39|09.96}} | {{DEC|+34|35|04.7}} | 4.89 | 1.46 | 158 | F3III | Jishui | |
| ψ10 Aur | ψ10 Aur | 16 Lyn | 50973 | 33485 | {{RA|06|57|37.12}} | {{DEC|+45|05|38.8}} | 4.90 | 0.71 | 225 | A2Vn | style="text-align:left;" | suspected variable, part of Dolones (ψ Aur) | |
| 63 Aur | 63 Aur | 54716 | 34752 | {{RA|07|11|39.29}} | {{DEC|+39|19|14.0}} | 4.91 | −0.86 | 464 | K4II-III | |||
| ψ7 Aur | ψ7 Aur | 58 Aur | 49520 | 32844 | {{RA|06|50|45.96}} | {{DEC|+41|46|53.6}} | 4.99 | −0.25 | 364 | K3III | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur) | |
| ψ4 Aur | ψ4 Aur | 55 Aur | 47914 | 32173 | {{RA|06|43|05.01}} | {{DEC|+44|31|28.3}} | 5.04 | 0.18 | 306 | K5III | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur) | |
| 65 Aur | 65 Aur | 57264 | 35710 | {{RA|07|22|02.69}} | {{DEC|+36|45|38.3}} | 5.12 | 0.84 | 235 | K0III | |||
| π Gem | π Gem | 80 Gem | 62898 | 38016 | {{RA|07|47|30.34}} | {{DEC|+33|24|56.8}} | 5.14 | −1.04 | 562 | M0III | suspected variable, {{VSA|0.08}} | |
| 66 Aur | 66 Aur | 57669 | 35907 | {{RA|07|24|08.47}} | {{DEC|+40|40|20.8}} | 5.23 | −1.51 | 728 | K0III | |||
| ψ5 Aur | ψ5 Aur | 56 Aur | 48682 | 32480 | {{RA|06|46|44.34}} | {{DEC|+43|34|37.3}} | 5.24 | 4.15 | 54 | G0V | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur) | |
| 64 Aur | 64 Aur | 56221 | 35341 | {{RA|07|18|02.22}} | {{DEC|+40|53|00.1}} | 5.87 | 1.30 | 268 | A5Vn | |||
| ψ9 Aur | ψ9 | 50658 | 33377 | {{RA|06|56|32.06}} | {{DEC|+46|16|26.4}} | 5.85 | −1.17 | 825 | B8III | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur) | ||
| ψ8 Aur | ψ8 | 61 Aur | 50204 | 33133 | {{RA|06|53|57.07}} | {{DEC|+38|30|18.3}} | 6.46 | −0.56 | 825 | B9.5sp... | style="text-align:left;" | part of Dolones (ψ Aur) |
See also
{{commons category|Telescopium Herschelii}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite web
| last = Kostjuk
| first = N. D.
| title = HD-DM-GC-HR-HIP-Bayer-Flamsteed Cross Index
| date = 2002
| url = http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?IV/27
| access-date = 2006-12-26 }}
- {{cite web
| last = Roman
| first = N. G.
| title = Identification of a Constellation from a Position
| date = 1987
| url = http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?VI/42
| access-date = 2006-12-26 }}
- {{cite web
| last = Samus
| first = N. N.
| last2 = Durlevich
| first2 = O. V.
| display-authors = etal
| title = Combined General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS4.2)
| date = 2004
| url = http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?II/250
| access-date = 2012-04-03 }}
- {{cite web
| last = Samus
| first = N. N.
| last2 = Durlevich
| first2 = O. V.
| display-authors = etal
| title = General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS database, version 2012Feb)
| date = 2012
| url = http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?B/gcvs
| access-date = 2012-04-03 }}
{{navconstel-historic}}