Tempest Anderson

{{Infobox person

| name = Tempest Anderson

| honorific_suffix = D.Sc

| image = Portrait of Tempest Anderson by William Orpen.jpg

| alt = Portrait of a balding middle-age man with grey hair and beard, wearing a dark overcoat over a blue jacket and white shirt.

| caption = Portrait of Tempest Anderson by Irish artist William Orpen. It currently resides in the Yorkshire Museum's Tempest Anderson Hall.

| birth_name = Tempest Anderson

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1846|12|07}}

| birth_place = York, England

| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1913|08|26|1846|12|07}}

| death_place = Red Sea

| nationality = British

| alma_mater = {{plainlist|

University College London
Honorary degree from the University of Leeds}}

| other_names =

| occupation = Ophthalmic surgeon

| organization = President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society

| known_for = Early amateur photography, vulcanology and gifting the Tempest Anderson Hall to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

}}

Tempest Anderson (7 December 1846 – 26 August 1913)Who's Who 1914, p. xxi was an ophthalmic surgeon at York County Hospital in the United Kingdom, and an expert amateur photographer and volcanologist. He was a member of the Royal Society Commission which was appointed to investigate the aftermath of the eruptions of La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent and Mont Pelée, Martinique, West Indies which both erupted in May 1902. Some of his photographs of these eruptions were subsequently published in his book, Volcanic Studies in Many Lands.Tempest Anderson (1903) Volcanic Studies in Many Lands, London, John Murray, 202pp

Early life and education

He was born in York, was schooled at St Peter's School, York,{{cite journal|title=Obituary: Tempest Anderson, M. D., D. Sc.|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=November 1913|volume=42|issue=5|pages=499–500|jstor=1778747}} and studied medicine at the University of London.{{citation | title=History of the Yorkshire Museum | page=110 | editor =Pyrah, Barbara | editor-link =Barbara Pyrah | year=1988 }}

His father was William Charles Anderson, surgeon and Sheriff of York.{{cite journal |last1=Critchley |first1=Macdonald|title=Hughlings Jackson, the Man; and the Early Days of the National Hospital |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |date=August 1960 |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=613–618 |doi=10.1177/003591576005300807|pmc=1869439 |pmid=13812904}} His sister Constance married Percy Sladen, and his brother was Yarborough Anderson, a barrister. In 1904 Anderson received an honorary degree of DSc from the University of Leeds for his work on volcanoes.

File:York Medical Society 2.jpg

Anderson lived at the family home{{cite web |url=http://www.ypsyork.org/resources/yorkshire-scientists-and-innovators/tempest-anderson/ |title=Dr Tempest Anderson (1846–1913) |author=Jim Spriggs |year=2013 |website=Yorkshire Philosophical Society |accessdate=26 September 2013}} of 17 Stonegate in the centre of York,{{cite web |url=http://erps.dmu.ac.uk/exhibitor_details.php?year=1911&efn=Dr.+Tempest+Anderson |title=Records for Dr. Tempest Anderson |author= |year=2008 |website=Exhibitions of the Royal Photographic Society 1870–1915 |publisher=De Montfort University |accessdate=26 September 2013}} and at 23 Stonegate, which is now the home to the York Medical Society.{{NHLE |desc=YORK MEDICAL SOCIETY |num=1256516 |accessdate=25 May 2019}} He built a pair of houses on the road now known as Moorgate, on land purchased from the Holgate Garden Society.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

In 1911 Anderson was made one of the vice-presidents of the Old Peterite Club at St Peter's School, York.{{cite journal | url=http://www.stpetersyork.org.uk/assets/0000/8588/21-201_JUL_1911.pdf | title=The Old Peterite Club Annual Meeting | journal=The Peterite | date=July 1911 | volume=21 | issue=201 | pages=570 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064441/http://www.stpetersyork.org.uk/assets/0000/8588/21-201_JUL_1911.pdf | archivedate=7 April 2014 | df=dmy-all }}

Death and legacy

He was one of the five original Trustees of the Percy Sladen Memorial Trust.{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Tempest Anderson, M.D., D.Sc., F.G.S.|journal=Geological Magazine|year=1913|volume=50|pages=478–479|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101075889970;view=1up;seq=530|doi=10.1017/s0016756800127633|doi-access=free}} He was President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, and in 1912 he presented the society with a 300-seat lecture theatre (the Tempest Anderson Hall) attached to the Yorkshire Museum in York Museum Gardens.{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title=Anderson, Tempest (1846–1913)| last=Suthren | first=R. J. | year=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/37115| url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37115 | accessdate=3 December 2007| url-access=subscription }} This was one of the world's first concrete buildings. He died on board ship on the Red Sea while returning from visiting the volcanoes of Indonesia and the Philippines. He was buried in Suez, Egypt. After his death, the houses he had built were left to his cousin, Colonel Fearnley Anderson.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}. He also bequeathed a substantial sum to the Yorkshire Museum.{{citation | title=History of the Yorkshire Museum | page=129 | editor =Pyrah, Barbara | year=1988 }} He held Telephone Number "1" in the first York Telephone Directory in 1891, published by the "National Telephone Company".

Expeditions

border="1" class="wikitable"

|+ The expeditions of Tempest Anderson{{cite journal|last1=Suthren|first1=Roger J.|title=The Tempest Anderson Collection of Photographs at Yorkshire Museum|journal=The Newsletter of the Geological Curators' Group|date=April 1978|volume=2|issue=2|pages=68–80|doi=10.55468/GC1056 |s2cid=251702357 |url=http://www.geocurator.org/arch/curator/vol2no2.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329115809/http://www.geocurator.org/arch/Curator/Vol2No2.pdf|archivedate=29 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}

! Year

! Destinations

! Publications

! Example photograph

! 1883

| Eifel area of Germany

! 1885

| Southern France (Auvergne, Ardèche, Cantal

|File:A basalt neck at Buron near Coudes, Southern France YORYM-TA0365.jpg

! 1888

| Italy (Naples, Vesuvius, Etna, Vulcano)

! 1889

| Italy (Sicily, Vulcano, Stromboli), The Alps, Western Norway

! 1890

| Iceland

! 1891

| Canary Islands and Madeira

! 1893

| Iceland

! 1894

| Southern France

! 1895

| French Alps

! 1896

| Swiss and French Alps

! 1898

| Swiss and French Alps, Italy (Naples, Vesuvius)

! 1899

| Swiss Alps

! 1900

| Western U.S.A, Eastern U.S.A

! 1901

| Southern France, the Alps

! 1902

| West Indies (Barbados, St Vincent, Martinique, Dominica), Southern France

! 1903

| Egypt (?)

! 1904

| Egypt (?), Italy (Vesuvius, Vulcano, Stromboli)

! 1905

| Southern Africa (with the British Association)

! 1906

| Italy (Vesuvius)

! 1906-1907

| West Indies and Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, St Vincent, Martinique, Jamaica and Barbados)

! 1909

| Pacific and Western North America (Samoa, Hawaii, New Zealand, Canadian Rockies, Winnipeg)

! 1910

| Italy (?)

! 1911

| Southern France

! 1913

| Indonesia (Java, Krakatoa), The Philippines (died on the return voyage at Suez)

=Mexico, Guatemala and the West Indies=

Tempest Anderson spent nine months in Mexico, Guatemala and the West Indies in 1906/1907. He travelled to Mexico to attend the 10th Congres Geologique International before sailing by mail steamer to Guatemala to study the effects of the 1902 earthquake. During the trip he observed and photographed Cerro Quemado, Santa Maria, and Atitlan.{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of Guatemala|year=1908|publisher=The Royal Geographical Society|location=London|pages=473–489}}

During this trip he collected first hand accounts of the 1902 eruption of the Santa Maria and the immediate aftermath. Captain Saunders of the Pacific Mail Steamer S.S. Newport observed the eruption cloud which rose to a great height. The Captain measured it using a sextant and recorded it as reaching 17 to 18 miles. The sounds accompanying the eruption were loud and were heard even louder at more distant places than close to the mountain. The eruption was heard as far away as Guatemala City, the noises so strong, they were assumed to come from neighbouring volcanoes.{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of Guatemala|year=1908|publisher=The Royal Geographical Society|location=London|page=480}}

Publications

Articles

{{cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|author2=John S. Flett|title=Report on the Eruptions of the Soufriére in St. Vincent in 1902, and on a Visit to Montagne Pelée in Martinique. Part I.|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1903|volume=200|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reportoneruptio00fletgoog/page/n7 353]–553|url=https://archive.org/details/reportoneruptio00fletgoog|accessdate=19 November 2013|doi=10.1098/rsta.1903.0010|s2cid=85070450}}
{{cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|author2=John S. Flett|title=Report on the Eruptions of the Soufriére in St. Vincent in 1902, and on a Visit to Montagne Pelée in Martinique. Part II. The Changes in the Districts and the Subsequent History of the Volcanoes|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|date=6 April 1908|volume=80|issue=538|pages=281–284|jstor=92899|doi=10.1098/rspa.1908.0025|doi-access=free}}
{{cite journal|last=Darwin|first=Leonard|author2=Tempest Anderson|author3=A. E. Kitson|author4=E. O. Thiele|title=Some New Zealand Volcanoes: Discussion|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=July 1912|volume=40|issue=1|pages=23–25|jstor=1778891|doi=10.2307/1778891|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449300}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Volcano of Matavanu in Savaii|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society|date=January 1910|volume=66|issue=1–4|pages=621–639|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1910.066.01-04.30|s2cid=131149121}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of Guatemala|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=May 1908|volume=31|issue=5|pages=473–485|doi=10.2307/1777493|jstor=1777493|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449280}}
{{cite journal|last1=Flett|first1=John|last2=Maudslay|last3=Ascioli|last4=Gehrke|last5=Anderson|first5=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of Guatemala: Discussion|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=May 1908|volume=31|issue=5|pages=485–489|doi=10.2307/1777494|jstor=1777494|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449282}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=Recent Volcanic Eruptions in the West Indies|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=March 1903|volume=21|issue=3|pages=265–279|doi=10.2307/1775801|jstor=1775801|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449244}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=Volcanic Craters and Explosions|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=February 1912|volume=39|issue=2|pages=123–129|doi=10.2307/1778563|jstor=1778563|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449294}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=On Certain Recent Changes in the Crater of Stromboli|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=February 1905|volume=25|issue=2|pages=123–138|doi=10.2307/1775878|jstor=1775878|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449246}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=Recent changes in the crater Stromboli|journal=The Scottish Geographical Magazine|date=1905|volume=21|issue=7|pages=345–347|doi=10.1080/00369220508733583|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430403}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of Auvergne|journal=The Report of the British Association|date=11 September 1885|volume=55 |page=1017|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29239284|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Volcanoes of the Two Sicilies|journal=The Report of the British Association|date=10 September 1888|volume=58 |page=663|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29537303|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|last2=Johnston-Lavis|first2=H. J.|title=Notes on the late Eruption in the island of Vulcano|journal=The Report of the British Association|date=10 September 1888|volume=58 |page=664|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29537303|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Skaptar Jokull|journal=The Alpine Journal|volume=18|page=216|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Published_Index_Files/1892-1926.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=Vesuvius, the eruption of Sept. 1898|journal=The Alpine Journal|volume=19|page=437|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Published_Index_Files/1892-1926.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The Grand Canon of the Colorado River|journal=The Alpine Journal|volume=20|page=504|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Published_Index_Files/1892-1926.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=La Coupe de Jaujac|journal=The Alpine Journal|volume=20|page=504|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Published_Index_Files/1892-1926.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=The volcanoes Bromo and Krakatau|journal=The Alpine Journal|volume=28|page=178|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Published_Index_Files/1892-1926.pdf|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Tempest|title=A Swiss Holiday|journal=Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal|date=1901|volume=1|issue=3|pages=188–191|url=http://www.yrc.org.uk/yrcweb/index.php/journal/vols1-5/44-vol1-cat/no3/81-v1n3p188|accessdate=25 June 2015}}

Books

{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|title=Volcanic studies in many lands : being reproductions of photographs by the author of above one hundred actual objects, with explanatory notices|year=1903|publisher=John Murray|location=London|pages=444|url=https://archive.org/details/volcanicstudiesi00ande|edition=1st}}
{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Tempest|title=Volcanic studies in many lands : being reproductions of photographs by the author|year=1917|publisher=John Murray|location=London|pages=278|url=https://archive.org/details/volcanicstudiesi1917ande|edition=2nd|author2=Thomas George Bonney|accessdate=19 November 2013}}