Ten recitations

The Quran was revealed in seven ahruf or letters, and the letters are not only in writing but also in pronunciation, meaning, vowel, endowment signs, and brevity due to the different accents and dialects of the Arabs who recited the Qu'ran.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbXcDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=تاريخ القرآن - عبد الصبور شاهين - Google Livres |date= January 2005|isbn=9789771430421 |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=شاهين |first1=عبد الصبور |publisher=Nahdet Misr Publishing House }} The Qu'ran was only revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, but his companions included a diverse population of Arabic speakers, and thus, differences in recitations arose.

Uthman ibn Affan compiled the Quran in one formation, and there are seven fixed recitations and three complementary readings of the seven, so the ten readings are completed, and all these readings and their pronouncements were reported by Muhammad and were transmitted by the Sahaba, the Tabi'un, and so on.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3ggDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=تاريخ القران-أول - تيودور نولدكه - Google Livres |date= |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=نولدكه |first1=تيودور }}

Most of these ten recitations are known by the scholars and people who have received them, and their number is due to their spreading in the Islamic world.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7eFoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=منجد المقرئين ومرشد الطالبين - ابن الجزري/شمس الدين محمد بن محمد - Google Livres |date= January 1999|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=9782745128447 |access-date=2021-01-24}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz1ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=البرهان في علوم القرآن - أبي عبد الله محمد بن بهادر/الزركشي - Google Livres |date= January 2018|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=9782745155474 |access-date=2021-01-24}}

However, the general population of Muslims dispersed in most countries of the Islamic world, their number estimated in the millions, read Hafs's narration on the authority of Aasim, which is more simply known as the Hafs' an Aasim style of recitation.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFvIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA0 |title=الدر الناظم لرواية حفص عن عاصم - عفيف الدين عثمان بن عمر بن أبي بكر الشافعي الناشري - Google Livres |date= January 2016|publisher=Al Manhal |isbn=9796500325675 |access-date=2021-01-24}}

In the countries of the Maghreb, they read by reciting Imam Nafi, who is the imam of the people of Medina, whether it is the narration of Warsh or the narration of Qalun.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZ5uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=جامع البيان في القراءات السبع المشهورة - أبي عمرو عثمان بن سعيد/الداني - Google Livres |date= January 2012|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=9782745134110 |access-date=2021-01-24}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ib9KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA0 |title=الوصفة الكاملة من كلام رب العالمين برواية ورش عن نافع - أبو عمار ميلود عبد الرحمن بنعتيك - Google Livres |date= January 2013|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=9782745179029 |access-date=2021-01-24}} However, Warsh' an Nafi tends to be more prevalent than Qalun an' Nafi.

In Sudan and Hadhramaut, they read the narration that Al-Duri narrated on the authority of Abu Amr.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLH1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=تاريخ القراءات القرانية - عبد الهادي الفضلي - Google Livres |date= 6 August 2020|access-date=2021-01-24|last1=الفضلي |first1=عبد الهادي }}

When the ten recitations were scientifically stabilized, after an increase of three other readings added to the Ahruf and the recitations of the Seven readers by Imam Ibn al-Jazari, the total became ten readings, and these three added readings are the readings of these Imams:{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKEHNcrPC9cC&pg=PR3 |title=The History of the Qurʾān - Theodor Nφldeke, Friedrich Schwally, Gotthelf Bergstrδίer, Otto Pretzl - Google Livres |date=2013-05-17 |isbn=978-9004228795 |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=Nöldeke |first1=Theodor |last2=Schwally |first2=Friedrich |last3=Bergsträßer |first3=Gotthelf |last4=Pretzl |first4=Otto }}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17kUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5 |title=Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran; The Old Codices - Google Livres |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=Jeffery |first1=Arthur |year=1937 }}

• {{illm|Abu Jaafar al-Madani|ar|أبو جعفر المدني}}.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uh8sAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA0 |title=Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts - Keith E. Small - Google Livres |date=2011-04-22 |isbn=9780739142912 |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=Small |first1=Keith E. }}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GeZhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA0 |title=النشر في القراءات العشر - شمس الدين أبي الخير محمد بن محمد/ابن الجزري - Google Livres |date= January 2016|isbn=9782745136954 |access-date=2021-01-24}}
• {{illm|Yaqoub al-Hadrami|ar|يعقوب الحضرمي}}.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-eUnDh_OWgC&pg=PP3 |title=The Story of the Qur'an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life - Ingrid Mattson - Google Livres |date=2013-02-18 |isbn=9780470673492 |access-date=2021-01-24|last1=Mattson |first1=Ingrid }}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJ9uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=الكفاية الكبرى في القراءات العشر - أبي العز محمد بن بندار/الواسطي القلانسي - Google Livres |date= January 2007|isbn=9782745154095 |access-date=2021-01-24}}
• {{illm|Khalaf ibn Hisham|ar|خلف بن هشام}}.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofZuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=المستنير في القراءات العشر - ابن سوار البغدادي/أبو طاهر أحمد بن علي - Google Livres |date= January 2010|isbn=9782745152985 |access-date=2021-01-24}}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doiNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=شرح طيبة النشر في القراءات العشر - الجزء الأول - محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن علي النويري - Google Livres |date= |access-date=2021-01-24}}

The ten proven and verified recitations of the Imams Qāriʾs of the Quran are in order:{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzF0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT0 |title=المصباح الزاهر في القراءات العشر البواهر 1-2 ج1 - أبو الكرم الشهرزوري/المبارك بن الحسن - Google Livres |date= January 2008|isbn=9782745156877 |access-date=2021-01-24}}

1. Nafiʽ al-Madani recitation.
2. Ibn Kathir al-Makki recitation.
3. Abu Amr of Basra recitation.
4. Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi recitation.
5. Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud recitation.
6. Hamzah az-Zaiyyat recitation.
7. Al-Kisa'i recitation.
8. {{illm|Abu Jaafar al-Madani|ar|أبو جعفر المدني}} recitation.
9. {{illm|Yaqoub al-Hadrami|ar|يعقوب الحضرمي}} recitation.
10. {{illm|Khalaf ibn Hisham|ar|خلف بن هشام}} recitation.

For each of the ten recitations, there are two reading versions or riwaya, which counts twenty confirmed riwayaat:{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp9uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA0 |title=تاريخ القراءات في المشرق والمغرب - محمد المختار ولد اباه ،الدكتور - Google Livres |date= January 2008|isbn=9782745161956 |access-date=2021-01-24}}

• Qira'at
• Ahruf
• Seven readers
• Ijazah
• {{illm|Special recitations|ar|قراءات شاذة}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Quranic qira'ates}}

Category:Quranic readings

Category:Islamic terminology

Category:Warsh recitation