Teodoro Kalaw
{{Short description|Filipino writer}}
{{about||his grandson, the sport shooter|Teodoro Kalaw III|the avenue in Manila|Kalaw Avenue}}
{{Philippine name|Manguiat|Kalaw}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Teodoro Kalaw
| image = Teodoro M. Kalaw, secretary of the Philippine Assembly, published 1913.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Kalaw as secretary to the Philippine Assembly, {{circa|1913}}
| office = Secretary of the Interior
| term_start = July 7, 1920
| term_end = December 31, 1922
| predecessor = Rafael Palma
| successor = Jose P. Laurel
| office1 = Member of the Philippine Assembly from Batangas's 3rd district
| term_start1 = 1909
| term_end1 = 1912
| predecessor1 = Gregorio Catigbac
| successor1 = Fidel A. Reyes
| office2 = Director of the National Library of the Philippines
| term_start2 = February 16, 1929
| term_end2 = December 14, 1939{{cite web|url=https://www.expo.ph.net/government/phil/tnl/history.htm|title=HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY|website=Philipine Pavilion|accessdate=March 21, 2025}}
| predecessor2 = Epifanio de los Santos (as Director of the Philippine Library and Museum)
| successor2 = Eulogio B. Rodriguez
| term_start3 = 1916
| term_end3 = 1920
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1884|3|31}}
| birth_place = Lipa, Batangas, Captaincy General of the Philippines
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|12|4|1884|3|31}}
| death_place = Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines
| party = Nacionalista
| parents =
| spouse = {{marriage|Pura Villanueva|1910}}
| children = 4 (including Maria and Purita)
| occupation =
| relatives =
| years_active =
}}
Teodoro Manguiat Kalaw (March 31, 1884 – December 4, 1940) was a Filipino scholar, legislator, and historian in Spanish language.{{cite book
| title = Spanish Three
| publisher = Rex Bookstore, Inc.
| isbn = 978-971-23-2318-8
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wyu7siiGZ2kC&pg=PA127
| access-date = 2019-03-29
| page = 127
| language = es
Early life
File:T.M. Kalaw Birthplace House, Lipa, Batangas, Apr 2024.jpg]]
Kalaw was born in Lipa, Batangas, on March 31, 1884. He was the third of four children of police chief Valerio Kalaw and Maria Manguiat. His siblings were scholar and political scientist Maximo, and two sisters, Rosario and Manuela.{{Cite web|date=2016-02-01|title=About Teodoro M. Kalaw|url=https://philippinediaryproject.com/about-the-philippine-diary-project/about-the-diaries/about-teodoro-m-kalaw-2/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=The Philippine Diary Project|language=en-US}}{{Cite journal|last=Agpalo|first=Remigio E.|title=The Political Science of Dr. Maximo M. Kalaw|date=2012-04-18|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01154451.1990.9754162|journal=Philippine Political Science Journal|volume=16|issue=31–32|pages=21–38|language=en|doi=10.1080/01154451.1990.9754162|url-access=subscription}}
Kalaw finished his secondary studies at Instituto Rizal in Lipa, Batangas, and finished his bachelor's degree in arts with honors at Liceo de Manila. He took up his law degree at Escuela de Derecho, where he was mentored by Rafael Palma and Juan Sumulong. In 1905, he topped the bar examinations, having obtained "grade of 100 percent in civil law and three other subjects".
Kalaw served as secretary of then Philippine Assembly Majority Floor Leader Manuel L. Quezon until 1908.
Journalism
File:1959-PHC-Teodoro M. Kalaw.png
While pursuing law, Kalaw became a writer for El Renacimiento, along with Rafael Palma and Fernando Ma. Guerrero. In October 1908, Interior Secretary Dean C. Worcester filed a libel suit against the paper for their editorial entitled "Aves de Rapiña" ("Birds of Prey").
The case led to the closure of the paper. In January 1910, the court meted out prison sentences against Kalaw and publisher Martin Ocampo. Both Kalaw and Ocampo were pardoned by Governor General Francis B. Harrison in 1914.{{Cite web|date=2020-03-24|title=Teodoro M. Kalaw: Portrait of a nation-builder|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/03/24/opinion/columnists/teodoro-m-kalaw-portrait-of-a-nation-builder/705399/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=The Manila Times|language=en-US}}
Political career
File:Teodoro Kalaw's bust plaque at the Historical Park, Batangas City.jpg
In 1909, Kalaw was elected the youngest member of the Philippine Assembly at age 25, representing Batangas's 3rd district. During his term, he sponsored bills supporting internal migration and agricultural development and maintenance of public schools through municipal taxation.
At the end of his term in 1913, he was appointed secretary to the Philippine Assembly. In 1916, he was appointed the first director of the National Library, earning him the moniker "Father of the Philippine Library System". He would serve as its director once more from 1929 to 1939.
In 1920, he was appointed Interior Secretary. His term as secretary was cut short on December 21, 1922, when Senate President Manuel L. Quezon appointed him as executive secretary and chief adviser of the Commission on Independence.
Memberships
Kalaw became a Mason in 1907, then later became grand master at age 31 in 1928. On June 15, 1932, he was made a 33° Mason in the Scottish Rite of Masonry.{{Cite web|title=Teodoro M. Kalaw Memorial {{!}} The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines|url=https://grandlodge.ph/lodges/teodoro-m-kalaw-memorial|access-date=2020-06-25|website=grandlodge.ph}} He became Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines from 1928 to 1929.{{Cite web|title=MW Teodoro M. Kalaw Sr. {{!}} The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines|url=https://grandlodge.ph/about/past-grand-masters/mw-teodoro-m-kalaw-sr|access-date=2020-07-07|website=The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines}}
Kalaw was a member of the Academy of Political Science, American Social and Political Science; Sociedad Americana de Derecho Internacional; Real Academia Hispano Americano de Ciencias y Artes, of whose Philippine Section he became president in 1925; Associacion Hispano-Filipina, and the Philippine Library Association.
He was conferred an honorary fellowship to the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity.{{Cite web|last=Tujan|first=Antonio|date=2018-11-19|title='We gather light to scatter'|url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2018/11/19/we-gather-light-to-scatter-2/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Daily Tribune|language=en-US}}
Death
File:09272jfTeodoro Kalaw Monument National Library Philippines Ermitafvf 09.jpg
Kalaw died on December 4, 1940, aged 56, at the Philippine General Hospital.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Personal life
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
Kalaw and his wife, Pura, had three children. Their son, Teodoro Kalaw Jr., became a prominent businessman and was married to Philippine senator Eva Estrada. Their daughter, Maria, was a Philippine Senator from 1961 to 1967. Another daughter, Purita, was an art critic.
Works and writings
- La Campaña de Kuomintang
- Reformas en La Enseñanza del Derecho
- La Constitucion de Malolos (1910), a critical analysis of the Malolos Constitution
- Teorias Constitucionales (1912), theories and analysis of nationhood, government, and constitution
- The Constitutional Plan of the Philippine Revolution (1914)
- La Revolucion Filipina (1914)
- Manual de Ciencia Politica (1918)
- Ang Pinagtatalunang Akta ng Katipunan (1930)
- Las Cartas Politicas de Apolinario Mabini (1930)
- Epistolario Rizalino (1930-1937)
- Gregorio H. Del Pilar: Heroe de Tirad (1930), biography of Gregorio H. Del Pilar
- Aide-de-Camp to Freedom (1940)
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111227144711/http://www.nhi.gov.ph/downloads/lt0022.pdf National Historical Institute]
{{Commons category}}
{{Batangas House Representatives}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaw, Teodoro}}
Category:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
Category:People from Lipa, Batangas
Category:Writers from Batangas
Category:20th-century Filipino historians
Category:20th-century Filipino lawyers
Category:Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Batangas
Category:Nacionalista Party politicians
Category:Secretaries of the interior and local government of the Philippines
Category:Spanish-language writers of the Philippines