Terminalia macroptera
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Bénin-Terminalia macroptera (1).jpg
|image_caption =
|genus = Terminalia
|species = macroptera
}}
Terminalia macroptera is a species of flowering plant in the White Mangrove Family (Combretaceae) known by the Hausa common name kwandari. It is native to Africa, where it can be found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Niger and Nigeria.{{cite journal |last1=Ibrahim |first1=H |year=2005 |title=Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves of Terminalia macroptera |journal=Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine |volume=9 |pages=14–18 |doi=10.4314/njnpm.v9i1.11826 |name-list-style=vanc}} Its most notable botanical feature is its very large winged seed or samara up to five inches (thirteen cm) in length by 1.5 inches (3.75 cm) in width.{{cite book | editor= P.C. Lancaster | date= April 1960 | title= Nigerian Trees | location= Ibadan, Nigeria | publisher= Dept. of Forest Research | pages= 155 (text) & 154 (figure h and i) }}
Uses
In several African countries Terminalia macroptera is used in traditional herbal medicine for infectious diseases,{{cite journal |pmid=9292414 |year=1997 |last1=Silva |first1=O |last2=Duarte |first2=A |last3=Pimentel |first3=M |last4=Viegas |first4=S |last5=Barroso |first5=H |last6=Machado |first6=J |last7=Pires |first7=I |last8=Cabrita |first8=J |last9=Gomes |first9=E |title=Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia macroptera root |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=203–7 |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |name-list-style=vanc |doi=10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00068-8}} tuberculosis, hepatitis,{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.029 |title=Terminalia macroptera, its current medicinal use and future perspectives |year=2011 |last1=Pham |first1=AT |last2=Dvergsnes |first2=C |last3=Togola |first3=A |last4=Wangensteen |first4=H |last5=Diallo |first5=D |last6=Paulsen |first6=BS |last7=Malterud |first7=KE |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=137 |issue=3 |pages=1486–91 |pmid=21884779 |name-list-style=vanc|hdl=10852/41479 |hdl-access=free }} and dysentery. Extracts of the plant have shown in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.019 |title=Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Terminalia macroptera root |year=2012 |last1=Silva |first1=O |last2=Viegas |first2=S |last3=De Mello-Sampayo |first3=C |last4=Costa |first4=MJP |last5=Serrano |first5=R |last6=Cabrita |first6=J |last7=Gomes |first7=ET |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=872–6 |pmid=22465506 |name-list-style=vanc}} and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11225.x |title=In vitro anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae activity of Terminalia macroptera leaves |year=2002 |last1=Silva |first1=O |last2=Ferreira |first2=E |last3=Pato |first3=M |last4=Caniça |first4=M |last5=Gomes |first5=ET |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=211 |issue=2 |pages=203–6 |pmid=12076813 |name-list-style=vanc|doi-access= }}
Chemical constituents
The leaves contain chlorogenic acid, quercetin, isoorientin, the ellagitannins chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, punicalagin, and terflavin A, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Different methylated ellagic acid derivatives and the triterpenoid terminolic acid can be found in the heartwood.
:File:Terminolic acid.svg{{clear-left}}
The plant also contains the hydrolyzable tannins isoterchebulin and 4,6-O-isoterchebuloyl-d-glucose which have a tetraphenylic acid moiety (isoterchebulic acid).{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/np000506v| title = Isoterchebulin and 4,6-O-Isoterchebuloyl-d-glucose, Novel Hydrolyzable Tannins from Terminalia macroptera| year = 2001| last1 = Conrad| first1 = Jürgen| last2 = Vogler| first2 = Bernhard| last3 = Reeb| first3 = Sabine| last4 = Klaiber| first4 = Iris| last5 = Papajewski| first5 = Stefan| last6 = Roos| first6 = Gudrun| last7 = Vasquez| first7 = Erlinda| last8 = Setzer| first8 = Mary C.| last9 = Kraus| first9 = Wolfgang| journal = Journal of Natural Products| volume = 64| issue = 3| pages = 294–299| pmid = 11277742}}
References
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External links
{{WestAfricanPlants|Terminalia macroptera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7702769}}