Terpene synthase C terminal domain

Terpenes synthases have a role in producing important molecules in metabolism, these molecules are part of a large group called terpenoids . In particular, the C terminal domain catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate, orienting and stabilizing multiple reactive carbocation intermediates. Or in simpler terms, the C terminal aids the synthesis of new molecules.

It is thought to have at least two alpha helices.{{cite journal|vauthors=Starks CM, Back K, Chappell J, Noel JP | title=Structural basis for cyclic terpene biosynthesis by tobacco 5-epi-aristolochene synthase. | journal=Science | year= 1997 | volume= 277 | issue= 5333 | pages= 1815–20 | pmid=9295271 | doi= 10.1126/science.277.5333.1815}}

Sequences containing this protein domain belong to the terpene synthase family. It has been suggested that this gene family be designated tps (for terpene synthase). Sequence comparisons reveal similarities between the monoterpene (C₁₀) synthases, sesquiterpene (C₁₅) synthases and the diterpene (C₂₀) synthases. It has been split into six subgroups on the basis of phylogeny, called Tpsa-Tpsf .{{cite journal |vauthors=Bohlmann J, Steele CL, Croteau R | title = Monoterpene synthases from grand fir (Abies grandis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of myrcene synthase, (-)-(4S)-limonene synthase, and (-)-(1S,5S)-pinene synthase | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 35 | pages = 21784–92 |date=August 1997 | pmid = 9268308 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.35.21784| doi-access = free }}

• Tpsa includes vetispiridiene synthase.[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q39979], 5-epi- aristolochene synthase, [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q40577] and (+)-delta-cadinene synthase [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P93665 SWISSPROT]
• Tpsb includes (-)-limonene synthase.{{cite journal|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q40322 |title=4S-limonene synthase precursor - Mentha spicata (Spearmint) |year=2007 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0700915104 |publisher=Uniprot.org |pmid=17372193 |s2cid=27479350 |access-date=2012-08-02|last1=Hyatt |first1=D. C. |last2=Youn |first2=B. |last3=Zhao |first3=Y. |last4=Santhamma |first4=B. |last5=Coates |first5=R. M. |last6=Croteau |first6=R. B. |last7=Kang |first7=C. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=13 |pages=5360–5 |pmc=1838495 |doi-access=free }}
• Tpsc includes copalyl diphosphate synthase (kaurene synthase A).{{cite journal|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O04408 |title=Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic precursor - Pisum sativum (Garden pea) |year=1997 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.11030443.x |publisher=Uniprot.org |pmid=9107034 |access-date=2012-08-02|last1=Ait-Ali |first1=T. |last2=Swain |first2=S. M. |last3=Reid |first3=J. B. |last4=Sun |first4=T. |last5=Kamiya |first5=Y. |journal=The Plant Journal: For Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=443–54 |doi-access=free }}
• Tpsd includes taxadiene synthase,{{cite journal|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q41594 |title=Taxadiene synthase - Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) |year=1996 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.16.9201 |publisher=Uniprot.org |pmid=8621577 |s2cid=3191132 |access-date=2012-08-02|last1=Wildung |first1=M. R. |last2=Croteau |first2=R. |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=271 |issue=16 |pages=9201–4 |doi-access=free }} pinene synthase,{{cite web|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O24475 |title=Pinene synthase, chloroplastic precursor - Abies grandis (Grand fir) |publisher=Uniprot.org |access-date=2012-08-02}} and myrcene synthase.{{cite web|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O24474 |title=Myrcene synthase, chloroplastic precursor - Abies grandis (Grand fir) |publisher=Uniprot.org |access-date=2012-08-02}}
• Tpse includes ent-kaurene synthase B.{{cite journal|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q39548 |title=Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase, chloroplastic precursor - Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) |year=1996 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10020203.x |publisher=Uniprot.org |pmid=8771778 |access-date=2012-08-02|last1=Yamaguchi |first1=S. |last2=Saito |first2=T. |last3=Abe |first3=H. |last4=Yamane |first4=H. |last5=Murofushi |first5=N. |last6=Kamiya |first6=Y. |journal=The Plant Journal: For Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=203–13 |url-access=subscription }}
• Tpsf includes linalool synthase.{{cite web|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9ZPN5 |title=Linalool synthase - Clarkia concinna (Red ribbons) |publisher=Uniprot.org |access-date=2012-08-02}} In the fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. (strain L487) the synthesis of ent-kaurene from geranylgeranyl dophosphate is promoted by a single bifunctional protein.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kawaide H, Imai R, Sassa T, Kamiya Y | title = Ent-kaurene synthase from the fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. L487. cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of a bifunctional diterpene cyclase in fungal gibberellin biosynthesis | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 35 | pages = 21706–12 |date=August 1997 | pmid = 9268298 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.35.21706| doi-access = free }}

Terpene synthase N terminal domain

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Category:Protein domains