The Last Metro

{{Infobox film

| name = The Last Metro

| image = Dernier_metro_affiche.jpg

| caption = Film poster

| director = François Truffaut

| producer = François Truffaut
Jean-José Richer

| writer = François Truffaut
Suzanne Schiffman
Jean-Claude Grumberg

| starring = Catherine Deneuve
Gérard Depardieu
Jean Poiret

| music = Georges Delerue

| cinematography = Néstor Almendros

| editing = Martine Barraqué

| studio = Les Films du Carrosse
Andrea Films
SEDIF
SFP
TF1 Films Production

| distributor = Gaumont Distribution

| released = {{film date|1980|9|17|df=yes}}

| runtime = 131 minutes

| country = France

| language = French

| gross = $23.3 million{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lastmetro.htm|title=The Last Metro (1981) - Box Office Mojo|access-date=28 October 2016}}
3,393,694 admissions (France)[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=fr&u=http://www.boxofficestory.com/box-office-francois-truffaut-c25718972&usg=ALkJrhiA0vtcY2z6GoKzSP57g_NZe1-m-Q Box Office information for Francois Truffaut films] at Box Office Story

}}

The Last Metro ({{langx|fr|Le Dernier Métro}}) is a 1980 period drama film, co-written and directed by François Truffaut, that stars Catherine Deneuve and Gérard Depardieu.{{cite book|last=Lanzoni|first=Rémi Fournier |title=French Cinema: From Its Beginnings to the Present|publisher=Continuum |year=2002|pages=314–315|isbn=978-0-8264-1600-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nkyr7ARHY6sC&pg=PA314}}

Set in Nazi-occupied Paris in 1942, the film follows the fortunes of a small theatre in the Montmartre quarter which keeps up passive resistance by maintaining its cultural integrity, despite censorship, antisemitism and material shortages.{{cite book|last= Holmes|first=Diana|title=François Truffaut|year=1998|publisher=Manchester university press|location=Manchester|isbn=0-7190-4554-1|pages=18|author2=Ingram, Robert}} The title evokes two salient facts of city life under the Germans: fuel shortages led people to spend their evenings in theatres and other places of entertainment, but the curfew meant they had to catch the last Métro train home.

Upon its release in theatres on 17 September 1980, The Last Metro became one of Truffaut's more commercially successful films. In France it had 3,384,045 admissions and in the United States it grossed $3 million.{{cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=7427|title=Le Dernier métro (1980)- JPBox-Office|last=JP|access-date=28 October 2016}} At the 6th César Awards, The Last Metro received 12 nominations and won 10 of them, including Best Film. The film also received Best Foreign Film nominations at the Academy Awards and the Golden Globes.

Plot

On his way to begin rehearsals at the Théâtre Montmartre, where he has secured the male lead role for an upcoming production, young Bernard Granger finds himself repeatedly rebuffed by a woman he attempts to flirt with on the street. Upon arriving at the theater, he discovers that the woman is actually the production designer, Arlette, who happens to be a lesbian. Bernard is then introduced to Marion, the owner of the theatre and its leading lady. Marion's Jewish husband, Lucas, serves as the theater's director, believed to have fled Paris; however, he is clandestinely hiding in the theater's cellar. Marion secretly releases him each evening, providing meals and materials for future productions. Their evenings are spent in the empty theater, where they engage in passionate discussions about the current production and make plans for Lucas to escape the country. However, Marion soon becomes infatuated with the oblivious Bernard, whom Lucas only knows from a headshot and snippets of conversation overheard through a rigged heating vent.

Unbeknownst to anyone at the theater, Bernard is a member of the Resistance group responsible for delivering the bomb that killed a German admiral.

The opening night of the production sees a full house, but a scathing review in a newspaper the following morning condemns the show as being "Jewish." The anti-Semitic writer behind the review aims to oust Marion and take control of her theater. While the cast and crew celebrate their initial success at a nightclub, the same writer, at another gathering, falsely accuses Bernard of insulting Marion, leading to a physical altercation in the street. On another occasion, two Gestapo agents, disguised as air raid wardens, conduct a search of the theater, prompting Marion to turn to Bernard in desperation for help in concealing Lucas and his belongings.

Following the arrest of Bernard's Resistance contact during a Gestapo raid, Bernard resolves to devote his life to the Resistance cause and abandon acting. As he prepares to leave his dressing room for the last time, Marion enters to bid him farewell, and the two share a passionate encounter on the floor.

After the war ends, Bernard returns to the theater to star in a new play written by Lucas during his time in hiding. On opening night, Marion, who plays the female lead, expresses her desire to share her life with Bernard, but he confesses that he never truly loved her. As the curtain falls, Bernard, Marion, and Lucas stand hand-in-hand to receive the applause of the audience.

Cast

{{castlist|

Catherine Deneuve as Marion Steiner
Gérard Depardieu as Bernard Granger
Jean Poiret as Jean-Loup Cottins
Heinz Bennent as Lucas Steiner
Andréa Ferréol as Arlette Guillaume, the production designer
Paulette Dubost as Germaine Fabre, the older woman employed by the theatre
Sabine Haudepin as Nadine Marsac, the young actress
Jean-Louis Richard as Daxiat
Maurice Risch as Raymond Boursier, the technician of the theatre
Marcel Berbert as Merlin
Richard Bohringer as a Gestapo Officer
László Szabó as Lieutenant Bergen
Jean-Pierre Klein as Christian Leglise, a resistant
Franck Pasquier as Jacquot/Eric
Rose Thierry as Jacquot's mother
Martine Simonet as Martine Sénéchal
Christian Baltauss as the actor replacing Bernard
Rénata as Greta Borg, a singer in a club
Hénia Ziv as Yvonne
Jean-José Richer as René Bernardini
Jessica Zucman as Rosette
René Dupré as M. Valentin
Alain Tasma as Marc
Pierre Belot as the Hotel porter
Jacob Weizbluth as RosenAllen, Don. Finally Truffaut. New York: Beaufort Books. 1985. {{ISBN|0-8253-0335-4}}. {{OCLC|12613514}}. pp. 238–239.

}}

Production

Truffaut had wanted to create a film set during the French occupation period for a long time, as his uncle and grandfather were both part of the French Resistance, and were once caught while passing messages. This event was eventually recreated in The Last Metro.{{cite book|last=Baecque|first=Antoine de|title=Truffaut|year=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22524-4|pages=26|author2=Temerson, Serge Toubiana |others=Translation from French by Catherine}}

Truffaut was inspired by the actor Jean Marais’s autobiography, basing the film on this and other documents by theatre people from during the occupation.{{cite news|last=Insdorf|first=Annette|title=How Truffaut's 'The Last Metro' Reflects Occupied Paris|newspaper=The New York Times|date=9 February 1981}}

This film was one installment - dealing with theatre - of a trilogy on the entertainment world envisaged by Truffaut.{{cite book|last=Higgins|first=Lynn A. |title=New Novel, New Wave, New Politics|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-8032-7309-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ses-4mfh93AC&pg=PA150|page=150}} The installment that dealt with the film world was 1973's La Nuit américaine (Day for Night), which had won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Truffaut completed the screenplay for the third installment, L'Agence magique, which would have dealt with the world of music hall. In the late 1970s, he was close to beginning filming, but the failure of his film The Green Room forced him to look to a more commercial project, and he filmed Love on the Run instead.

Truffaut began casting in September 1979, and wrote the role of Marion especially with Catherine Deneuve in mind, for her energy.{{cite book|last=Baecque|first=Antoine de|title=Truffaut|year=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22524-4|pages=353|author2=Temerson, Serge Toubiana |others=Translation from French by Catherine}}

Gérard Depardieu initially did not want to be involved in the film, as he did not like Truffaut’s directing style, but he was subsequently convinced that he should take part.{{cite book|last=Baecque|first=Antoine de|title=Truffaut|year=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22524-4|pages=354|author2=Temerson, Serge Toubiana |others=Translation from French by Catherine}}

Most of the filming took place in an abandoned chocolate factory on Rue du Landy in Clichy, which was converted into a studio. During shooting Deneuve suffered an ankle sprain from a fall, resulting in having to shoot scenes at short notice. Scriptwriter Suzanne Schiffman was also hospitalised with a serious intestinal obstruction.{{cite book|last=Baecque|first=Antoine de|title=Truffaut|year=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22524-4|pages=356|author2=Temerson, Serge Toubiana |others=Translation from French by Catherine}}

The film shoot lasted fifty-nine days and ended on 21 April 1980.{{cite book|last=Baecque|first=Antoine de|title=Truffaut|year=2000|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-22524-4|pages=357|author2=Temerson, Serge Toubiana |others=Translation from French by Catherine}}

Themes

A recurring theme in Truffaut’s films has been linking film-making and film-watching.{{cite book|last=Insdorf|first=Annette|title=François Truffaut|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge u.a.|isbn=978-0-521-47808-3|edition=Rev. and updated|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/francoistruffaut0000insd}} The Last Metro is self-conscious in this respect. In the opening the film mixes documentary footage with period re-creations alongside shots of contemporary film posters.{{cite web|last=White|first=Armond|title=Truffaut's Changing Times: The Last Metro|url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1044-truffaut-s-changing-times-the-last-metro|publisher=The Criterion Collection|access-date=15 February 2013}}

Truffaut commented: “this film is not concerned merely with anti-semitism but intolerance in general” and a tolerance is shown through the characters of Jean Poiret playing a homosexual director and Andrea Ferreol playing a lesbian designer.{{cite web|last=Insdorf|first=Annette|title=How Truffaut's 'The Last Metro' Reflects Occupied Paris|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/truffaut-occuppied.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 February 2013}}

As in Truffaut's earlier films Jules et Jim and Two English Girls, there is a love triangle between the three principal characters: Marion Steiner (Deneuve), her husband Lucas (Heinz Bennent) and Bernard Granger (Depardieu), an actor in the theatre's latest production.

Reception

=Box office=

The film recorded admissions in France of 3,384,045.[http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.boxofficestory.com/catherine-deneuve-box-office-a91182803&prev=search Catherine Deneuve box office information] at Box Office Story

=Critical response=

The Last Metro has an approval rating of 88% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 24 reviews, and an average rating of 7.4/10.

{{cite web| url = https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_last_metro| title = The Last Metro| last = | first = | date = | website = Rotten Tomatoes| publisher = | access-date = 29 June 2023}}

=Awards and nominations=

Academy Awards (USA)
Nominated: Best Foreign Language Film
National Board of Review (USA)
Nominated: Best Foreign Language Film{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/1981/ |title=1981 Award Winners |date=2016 |publisher=National Board of Review of Motion Pictures |access-date=2 December 2016 }}
Boston Film Critics (USA)
Won: Best Foreign Language Film
César Awards (France)
Won: Best Actor – Leading Role (Gérard Depardieu)
Won: Best Actress – Leading Role (Catherine Deneuve)
Won: Best Cinematography (Néstor Almendros)
Won: Best Director (François Truffaut)
Won: Best Editing (Martine Barraqué)
Won: Best Film
Won: Best Music (Georges Delerue)
Won: Best Production Design (Jean-Pierre Kohut-Svelko)
Won: Best Sound (Michel Laurent)
Won: Best Writing (Suzanne Schiffman and François Truffaut)
Nominated: Best Actor – Supporting Role (Heinz Bennent)
Nominated: Best Actress – Supporting Role (Andréa Ferréol)
David di Donatello Awards (Italy)
Won: Best Foreign Actress (Catherine Deneuve)
Golden Globe Awards (USA)
Nominated: Best Foreign Film

References

External links

{{IMDb title|0080610}}
{{tcmdb title|id=80873}}
{{Rotten Tomatoes|the_last_metro}}
Ulrich Bach: The Visual Representation of the German Occupation in France: François Truffaut's The Last Metro (1980) [https://www.academia.edu/389252/The_Visual_Representation_of_the_German_Occupation_in_France_Francois_Truffauts_The_Last_Metro_1980_]
[https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1044-truffaut-s-changing-times-the-last-metro Truffaut’s Changing Times: The Last Metro] an essay by Armond White at the Criterion Collection