The May Department Stores Company

File:Christmas advert for Hamburger's Department Store, Los Angeles, 1905.png

Image:Highsmithmaycompanywilshire.jpg style May Company Wilshire building in Los Angeles. It was later adapted for use as The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures]]

In 1877, the May Department Stores Company was founded in Leadville during the Colorado silver rush. In 1889, the headquarters moved to Denver. In 1899, May acquired the E. R. Hull & Dutton Co. of Cleveland, renaming it the May Company, Cleveland, later named the May Company Ohio.

In 1905, the headquarters moved to St. Louis.[http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_3.asp The Drive to Differentiate - Macy's, Inc.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313040750/http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_3.asp |date=March 13, 2008 }} In 1910, the business was officially incorporated as the May Department Stores Company. In 1911, The Famous Clothing Store (owned by May) and the William Barr Dry Goods Company merged to create Famous-Barr. In 1912, May acquired the M. O'Neil Co. (O'Neil's) department store of Akron, Ohio. In 1923, May acquired A. Hamburger & Sons Co. in Los Angeles and renames it May Company California.{{Cite web|title=Asher Hamburger & Family|publisher=Jewish Museum of the American West|url=http://www.jmaw.org/hamburger-jewish-los-angeles/ |access-date=April 10, 2018}} In 1946, May acquired the Kaufmann's chain based in Pittsburgh, retaining it as a separate division. In 1947, May acquires Strouss-Hirshberg Co. based in Youngstown, Ohio, retaining it as a separate division and changing the name to Strouss.

In 1956, May acquired the Daniels & Fisher Company of Denver, merging it with May stores in the area to create a new May-Daniels & Fisher division.[http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_4.asp The Drive to Differentiate - Macy's, Inc.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313040755/http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_4.asp |date=March 13, 2008 }} In 1958, May acquired the Cohen Brothers Department Store in Jacksonville, Florida, turning it into the May Cohens chain.{{cite news |url=http://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/showstory.php?Story_id=51299 |title=50 years ago this week |date=November 24, 2008 |newspaper=Financial News & Daily Record}} In 1959, May acquired the Hecht Company of Baltimore, adding it as a new division. In 1965, May acquired G. Fox & Co. of Hartford, Connecticut. In 1966, May acquired the Meier & Frank chain based in Portland, Oregon, adding it as a new division. David's grandson Morton May became the chairman in 1951 and headed the company for 16 years. Morton May was active in St. Louis civic affairs and was a patron of the St. Louis Art Museum. In 1968, Venture Stores was founded when Target co-founder John F. Geisse went to work for May Department Stores.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} Under an antitrust settlement reached with the Department of Justice, May was unable to acquire any more retail chains at the time, and the department store company needed a way to compete against the emerging discount store chains.

In August 1978, May sold the 70-store Consumers chain of catalogue merchants to the Canadian Consumers Distributing.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19811118&id=2a4yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5-4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1164,5107737 |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |date=18 November 1981 |title=600 to lose jobs as Bay closes Shop-Rite stores |first1=Keri |last1=Sweetman |first2=Denise |last2=Harrington |page=3}}{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/22/archives/earnings-may-stores-net-up-in-quarter-and-year.html | title=EARNINGS | first=CLARE M. | last=RECKERT | work=The New York Times | date=March 22, 1979 | url-access=subscription}} It closed its stores in 1996.{{cite news|title=Consumers Distributing closes the book on catalogue shopping|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/throwback-thursday-edmonton-stereos-parks-1.4241144|work=CBC News|date=August 9, 1996|access-date=August 10, 2017}}

In 1986, May acquired the Associated Dry Goods holding company and its chains (including J. W. Robinson's and its Florida division, Loehmann's, Lord & Taylor, Caldor, Joseph Horne Company, The Denver Dry Goods Company, Goldwater's, Hahne and Company, L. S. Ayres, H. & S. Pogue Company, Stewart Dry Goods, and Sibley's), the largest-ever retail acquisition in history at that time.[http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_5.asp The Drive to Differentiate - Macy's, Inc] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313040802/http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_5.asp |date=March 13, 2008 }} In 1987, May renamed the five-unit May-Cohens as May Florida and sold the ten stores from Robinson’s of Florida to Maison Blanche so as to give them a foothold in the Floridan market. Stores at Tyrone Square, Orlando Fashion Square, WestShore Plaza, Altamonte Mall, University Square Mall, Countryside Mall, Southgate Plaza, Edison Mall, Coastland Center, and The Florida Mall were included in the deal along with a proposed 11th store at Lakeland Square Mall. May acquired Foley's in Houston and Filene's in Boston from Federated Department Stores whereas May Florida was also acquired by Maison Blanche. As a result, May withdrew from Florida by closing the Gateway location and converting those at Roosevelt Square, Regency Square, Volusia Mall, and Orange Park Mall under the Maison Blanche nameplate. Foley's INTERVIEW Newsletter, Vol. 19, No. 6 January/February 2006

In 1993, May Company California and J.W. Robinson's merged to form Robinsons-May. In that same year, Filene's absorbed the G. Fox division, Kaufmann's absorbed the May Company Ohio division, and Foley's absorbed the May D&F division. In 1995, May acquired the John Wanamaker chain based in Philadelphia. In 1996, May acquires the Strawbridge's chain based in Philadelphia.[http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_6.asp The Drive to Differentiate - Macy's, Inc] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313040807/http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_6.asp |date=March 13, 2008 }} In 1998, May acquired The Jones Store chain based in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1999, May acquired Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution based in Salt Lake City, folding it into the Meier & Frank subsidiary.

In 2000, May Department Stores purchases David's Bridal.[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-may-department-stores-company-to-acquire-davids-bridal-inc-72175807.html |title=32 The May Department Stores Company to Acquire David's Bridal, Inc. |website= PR Newswire |date= July 3, 2000] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026004151/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-may-department-stores-company-to-acquire-davids-bridal-inc-72175807.html |date=October 26, 2016 }} In 2001, Meier & Frank absorbed the ZCMI name, entering the Utah marketplace. In that same year, Hecht's acquired five Proffitt's stores in Nashville TN, entering the Nashville marketplace. In 2002, Meier & Frank operations consolidated with the Robinsons-May division while Kaufmann's operations consolidated with the Filene's division, yet both retaining the Meier & Frank and Kaufmann's names. In 2004, May Department Stores took over the Marshall Field's chain from Target Corporation.[http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_7.asp The Drive to Differentiate - Macy's, Inc.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112091932/http://www.macysinc.com/company/his_7.asp |date=January 12, 2008 }}

{{main|Acquisition of The May Department Stores Company by Federated Department Stores}}

On February 28, 2005, Federated Department Stores, Inc., announced that they would acquire the May company for $11 billion (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=11000000000|start_year=2005}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) in stock.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110954537749165299|title=Federated Agrees To Acquire May In $11 Billion Deal|last=Byron|first=Ellen|newspaper=WSJ |date=28 February 2005|access-date=22 August 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06EFD9153DF93BA15751C0A9639C8B63 |title=2 Big Retailers Agree To Merge For $11 Billion |newspaper=New York Times |date=February 28, 2005 |first1=Andrew Ross |last1=Sorkin |first2=Tracie |last2=Rozhon}} To help finance the May Company deal, Federated agreed to sell its combined proprietary credit card business to Citigroup.{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/06/03/department-store-credit-business-sold-to-citigroup/|title=Department store credit business sold to Citigroup|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}} The merger was completed on August 30, 2005{{Cite news|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2005/08/ftc-issues-statement-closure-federatedmay-investigation|title=FTC Issues Statement on Closure of Federated/May Investigation|date=2005-08-30|work=Federal Trade Commission|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}} after an assurance agreement was reached with the State Attorneys General of New York, California, Massachusetts, Maryland and Pennsylvania.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/28/business/2-big-retailers-agree-to-merge-for-about-11-billion.html|title=2 Big Retailers Agree to Merge for About $11 Billion|last1=Sorkin|first1=Andrew Ross|date=2005-02-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-12-07|last2=Rozhon|first2=Tracie|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

By September 2006, all of the May regional nameplates, except for the Lord & Taylor chain, ceased to exist as Federated consolidated its operations under the Macy's mastheads including the most famous store names Marshall Field's, Filene's, and Kaufmann's, as well as the last nameplate to still have the May name (Robinsons-May). All locations that were not sold off were rebranded as Macy's, except for one Hecht's location in Friendship Heights. That was rebuilt and rebranded as Bloomingdale's. In advance of the retail consolidation, May's credit call center in Lorain, Ohio, ceased operations on July 1, 2006. Lord & Taylor, the lone department store division not to be largely converted to the Macy's nameplate, was sold to a group of investors at NRDC Equity Partners, LLC for $1.2 billion (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=1200000000|start_year=2006}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) in October 2006.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hudsonsbay-lord-taylor-exclusive-idUSKBN1I91RK|title=Exclusive: Hudson's Bay seeks to revive Lord & Taylor's fortunes|date=2018-05-08|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-04-19|language=en}} David's Bridal and After Hours Formalwear were sold in November 2006.{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-nov-18-fi-bridal18-story.html|title=David's Bridal ties knot in a $750-million deal|date=2006-11-18|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2019-04-19|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}

{{Main|CenterMark Properties}}

Around the beginning of the twentieth century, the May Department Stores Company created a real estate division that handled the purchase of land and the construction of the buildings that would house their new stand-alone department stores. Starting in 1947, when they wanted to open a new store for their May Company California division, May entered the new open-air shopping center development business with the construction of what would later become the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza in Los Angeles.{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-23-mn-1320-story.html |title=David May II; Scion Helped Family Store Chain Grow |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1992 |first=Burt A. |last=Folkart}} After that time, May became a major shopping center, and later mall developer when they began to develop new malls to house their newly proposed department stores.

During the mid-1980s, the company noticed that their stock was vastly undervalued and therefore was at risk of becoming a hostile takeover target.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/20/business/market-place-may-stores-as-a-target.html |title=May Stores As A Target |newspaper=New York Times |date=July 20, 1984 |first=Isadore |last=Barmash}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/02/business/company-may-stores-stock-purchased-may-department-stores-company-which-has-been.html |title=May Stores Stock Purchased The May Department Stores Company, which has been a rumored takeover target, said the Crown Books Corporation and certain affiliates had purchased fewer than 1% of May's common shares. James Abrams, vice president for corporate communications, said We don't know of any interest by Crown to purchase more of May's shares. |newspaper=New York Times |date=February 2, 1985 |author=}} May Department Stores needed to re-purchase some of its company's stock to increase the share price. To accomplish this, they needed to obtain cash quickly, which they did by making a deal with Prudential Insurance in which the insurance company gave May $550 million in exchange for 50% ownership of May Centers.{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-08-18-fi-731-story.html |title=$550-Million Deal to Help May Stores Fend Off Takeovers |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 18, 1988 |first=Bruce |last=Keppel}}{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-04-fi-5145-story.html |title=Making Over Topanga Plaza : Retail: The successful Woodland Hills center undergoes a $45-million renovation now rather than suffer a possible dip in sales. |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 4, 1992 |first=Patrice |last=Apodaca}} In 1992, Prudential purchased the rest of May Centers and renamed the company CenterMark.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19920503&id=zsMfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gNgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1734,349088 |newspaper=Southeast Missourian |title=May Centers now called CenterMark |date=May 3, 1992 |page=1D}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|May Department Store}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.maycompany.com/ May Company] (archived)
• {{cite book|title=Baltimore's Bygone Department Stores: Many Happy Returns|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I92CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT|year=2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1-60949-667-8}}

{{MacysInc}}

{{Macy's history}}

{{Marshall Field's history}}

{{Hecht's history}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:May Department Stores Company}}

Category:Retail companies established in 1877

Category:American companies established in 1877

Category:Clothing retailers of the United States

Category:Defunct department stores based in Missouri

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Category:Lake County, Colorado

Category:Macy's, Inc.

Category:Companies based in St. Louis

Category:Retail companies disestablished in 2005

Category:Defunct companies based in Missouri

Category:1877 establishments in Colorado

Category:May Department Stores

Category:2005 mergers and acquisitions

Category:Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange