Thirteener
{{Short description|Mountain that exceeds 13,000 feet}}
{{main article|Mountain peaks of the United States}}
In mountaineering in the United States, a thirteener (abbreviated 13er) is a mountain that exceeds {{Convert|13000|ft|m|1}} above mean sea level, similar to the more familiar "fourteeners," which exceed {{Convert|14000|ft|m|1}}. In most instances, "thirteeners" refers only to those peaks between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation.
The importance of thirteeners is greatest in Colorado, which has the majority of such peaks in North America with over 600 of them. Despite the large number of peaks, over 20 peak baggers have reported climbing all of Colorado's thirteeners.{{cite web | title = Colorado 13ers List | url= http://listsofjohn.com/elev?s=CO&e=13 | accessdate = 2016-10-06 | publisher=listsofjohn.com}} Thirteeners are also significant in states whose highpoints fall between 13,000 and 13,999 feet. For example, the Wyoming thirteeners are the highest peaks within the state, and only 5 individuals have reported climbing all 35 peaks, likely due to a combination of technical difficulty and remoteness.{{Cite web|title=Climbing the Wyoming 13ers • Sunlit Summit|url=https://sunlitsummit.com/trip-reports/wyoming/wyoming-13ers/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Sunlit Summit|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=13ers of Wyoming|url=https://listsofjohn.com/elev?s=WY&e=13|access-date=2020-11-13|website=listsofjohn.com}} In 2019, Teresa Gergen became the first person to summit all 846 thirteeners outside of Alaska, an accomplishment that took her nearly two decades to complete.{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=Colorado woman first to climb all 846 peaks above 13,000 feet in every state but Alaska |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2019/11/21/colorado-woman-first-to-climb-all-846-peaks-above-13000-feet-in-every-state-but-alaska/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The Denver Post |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Emily |date=2019-11-13 |title=This Woman Has Summited 846 Thirteeners |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/teresa-gergen-thirteeners-record/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Outside Online |language=en-US}}
Not all summits over 13,000 feet qualify as thirteeners, but only those summits that mountaineers consider to be independent. Objective standards for independence include topographic prominence and isolation (distance from a higher summit), or a combination. However thirteener lists do not always consistently use such objective rules. A rule commonly used by mountaineers in the contiguous United States is that a peak must have at least {{Convert|300|ft|m|0}} of prominence to qualify. According to the [http://www.mcak.org Mountaineering Club of Alaska], it is standard in Alaska to use a {{Convert|500|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} prominence rule rather than a 300-foot rule. These are the standards applied for the lists below. Regarding whether or not peaks in excess of 13,999 feet should be considered as "thirteeners", this article will count them as such for statistical purposes, but concentrate its focus on those peaks less than 14,000 feet since the higher peaks are already covered in the fourteeners list.
{{TOC right}}
List of United States thirteeners by state
Thirteeners are found in nine U.S. states. This table summarizes their numbers based on each state's prominence criteria:
class="wikitable" |
width=100 | U.S. State
!Thirteeners !Highest 13er < 14,000 ft !Elevation |
---|
Colorado || 637
| align=center | 53 || Grizzly Peak || {{Convert|13988|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
California || 149
| align=center | 12 || Mount Barnard || {{Convert|13990|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Alaska || 41
| align=center | 20 || Mount Hunter, South Peak || {{Convert|13966|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Wyoming || 35
| align=center | 0 || Gannett Peak || {{Convert|13804|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Utah || 17
| align=center | 0 || Kings Peak || {{Convert|13528|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
New Mexico || 3
| align=center | 0 || Wheeler Peak || {{Convert|13161|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Hawaii || 2
| align=center | 0 || Mauna Kea || {{Convert|13796|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Nevada || 2
| align=center | 0 || Boundary Peak || {{Convert|13140|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Washington || 0
| align=center | 1 || none || align=center | - |
=Colorado=
File:Mount silverheels.jpg, Colorado]]
By the most detailed count, Colorado has 637 peaks that exceed {{Convert|13000|ft|m|-2}} and meet the prominence criteria, of which 53 are fourteeners.{{cite book | last = Roach | first = Gerry | author2 = Roach, Jennifer | title = Colorado's Thirteeners, 13,800 to 13,999 Feet: From Hikes to Climbs | publisher = Fulcrum Publishing | year = 2001 | isbn = 1-55591-419-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555914196 | url-access = registration }}{{cite web | title = Colorado's Summits – 13,000 to 13,999 feet | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/CO_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }} The highest of them less than 14,000 feet are as follows (the rank includes higher peaks):
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 54 | Grizzly Peak
|{{Convert|13988|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 55 | Stewart Peak
|{{Convert|13983|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 56 | Columbia Point
|{{Convert|13980|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 57 | Pigeon Peak
|{{Convert|13972|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 58 | Mount Ouray
|{{Convert|13971|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 59 | Ice Mountain
|{{Convert|13951|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 60 | Fletcher Mountain
|{{Convert|13951|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 61 | Pacific Peak
|{{Convert|13950|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
Grizzly Peak is not only the name of Colorado's highest thirteener, but the state has four other Grizzly Peaks plus one Grizzly Mountain on the list:
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 130 | Grizzly Peak
|{{Convert|13738|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 142 | Grizzly Mountain
|{{Convert|13708|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 145 | Grizzly Peak
|{{Convert|13700|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 302 | Grizzly Peak
|{{Convert|13427|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 415 | Grizzly Peak
|{{Convert|13281|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
File:Lizard Head.jpg, Colorado]]
Other notable Colorado thirteeners include:
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 66 | Mount Adams
|{{Convert|13931|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 68 | Mount Meeker
|{{Convert|13911|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 82 | Crystal Peak
|{{Convert|13852|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 89 | Turret Peak
|{{Convert|13835|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 96 | Mount Silverheels
|{{Convert|13822|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 131 | Argentine Peak
|{{Convert|13738|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 253 | North Arapaho Peak
|{{Convert|13502|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 304 | Mummy Mountain
|{{Convert|13425|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 324 | Parry Peak
|{{Convert|13391|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 451 | Hesperus Mountain
|{{Convert|13232|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 515 | Twilight Peak
|{{Convert|13158|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 556 | Lizard Head
|{{Convert|13113|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
= California =
California has the second greatest number of thirteeners with 149{{cite web | title = California Thirteeners | url= https://listsofjohn.com/PeakStats/selecth.php?sort=&n=149&s=CA | accessdate = 2009-03-09 }} of them, of which 12 are fourteeners. The highest under 14,000 feet are as follows (the rank includes higher peaks):
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 13 | Mount Barnard
|{{Convert|13990|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 14 | Mount Humphreys
|{{Convert|13986|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 15 | Mount Keith
|{{Convert|13975|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 16 | Mount Stanford
|{{Convert|13973|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
File:Mount Darwin.jpg, California]]
File:Mt Tom CA from US 395.jpg, California]]
Other notable California thirteeners include:
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 19 | Mount Le Conte
|{{Convert|13930|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 21 | Mount Agassiz
|{{Convert|13893|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 23 | Norman Clyde Peak
|{{Convert|13861|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 26 | Mount Darwin
|{{Convert|13831|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 27 | Mount Kaweah
|{{Convert|13802|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 29 | Mount Winchell
|{{Convert|13775|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 30 | Mount Morgan (Inyo County)
|{{Convert|13748|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 33 | Red Kaweah
|{{Convert|13720|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 38 | Black Kaweah
|{{Convert|13680|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 39 | Mount Tom
|{{Convert|13652|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 46 | Birch Mountain
|{{Convert|13602|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 53 | Palisade Crest
|{{Convert|13553|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 69 | Montgomery Peak
|{{Convert|13441|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 76 | Kaweah Queen
|{{Convert|13382|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 120 | Red Slate Mountain
|{{Convert|13163|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 122 | Mount Ritter
|{{Convert|13140|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 123 | Mount Baxter
|{{Convert|13140|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 126 | Mount Lyell
|{{Convert|13114|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 137 | Mount Dana
|{{Convert|13057|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 149 | Mount Morgan (Mono County)
|{{Convert|13001|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
File:MtBlackburn-AtnaPeaks-ParkaPeak.jpg, Atna Peaks, and Mount Blackburn, Alaska]]
=Alaska=
Alaska has at least 41 thirteeners that meet its more stringent prominence criteria of 500 ft, of which 20 are also fourteeners. Different sources list varying numbers of 13,000+ ft peaks in the state,{{cite web | title = Alaska's Summits 13,000 feet and above | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/AK_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}{{cite web | title = Alaska 13,000-foot Peaks | url= http://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=21301 | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}{{cite web | title = Highest Alaskan Summits (Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve) | url= http://www.nps.gov/wrst/planyourvisit/upload/Highest%20Alaskan%20Summits.pdf | accessdate = 2007-03-11 }} mainly because many of the peaks (especially those that are sub-peaks of a higher mountain) are unnamed and have no spot elevations given on the USGS topographical maps. Using a 300' interpolated prominence criterion, there are 61 13,000+ ft peaks in Alaska.{{cite web | title = Alaska's Highest Peaks | url= https://listsofjohn.com/PeakStats/selecth.php?sort=&n=61&s=AK | accessdate = 2016-03-02 }} The following list may miss a few peaks that should be included:
File:MountJarvis.jpg (north and main peaks), Alaska]]
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 21 | Mount Hunter, South Peak
|{{Convert|13966|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 22 | Atna Peaks
|{{Convert|13860|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 23 | Regal Mountain
|{{Convert|13845|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 24 | Mount Hayes
|{{Convert|13832|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 25 | Mount Cook
|{{Convert|13760|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 26 | Mount Sanford, South Peak
|{{Convert|13654|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 27 | Mount Quincy Adams
|{{Convert|13615|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 28 | Ocypete Peak
|{{Convert|13550|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 29 | East Kahiltna Peak
|{{Convert|13440|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 30 | Mount Natazhat
|{{Convert|13435|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 31 | Mount Jarvis
|{{Convert|13421|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 32 | Mount Hunter, Middle Peak
|{{Convert|13400|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} + |
align=center | 33 | Mount Bona, East Peak (Tressider Peak)
|{{Convert|13315|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 34 | Mount Hayes, South Peak
|{{Convert|13305|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 35 | Celeno Peak
|{{Convert|13300|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} + |
align=center | 36 | Parka Peak
|{{Convert|13280|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 37 | Mount Silverthrone
|{{Convert|13220|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 38 | Mount Marcus Baker
|{{Convert|13176|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 39 | Mount Jarvis, North Peak
|{{Convert|13025|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 40 | Mount Moffit
|{{Convert|13020|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 41 | Mount Zanetti
|{{Convert|13009|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=Wyoming=
Wyoming has 35 thirteeners with at least 300 ft of interpolated prominence, but no fourteeners.{{Cite web|title=WY 13er Peak Profiles|url=https://listsofjohn.com/PeakStats/select.php?P=300&sort=&S=WY&R=13|access-date=2020-11-13|website=listsofjohn.com}} 31 of the 35 are located in the rugged and remote Wind River Range. Several of the Wyoming thirteeners require glacier travel and/or rock climbing up to the 5.4 YDS difficulty level to reach the summit, and most climbers spend multiple days backpacking to reach most of these peaks.{{Cite web|title=Climbing the Wyoming 13ers • Sunlit Summit|url=https://sunlitsummit.com/trip-reports/wyoming/wyoming-13ers/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Sunlit Summit|language=en-US}} The highest of them are:
File:Grand Teton in Winter-NPS.jpg, Wyoming]]
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 1 | Gannett Peak
|{{Convert|13804|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 2 | Grand Teton
|{{Convert|13770|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 3 | Fremont Peak
|{{Convert|13745|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 4 | Mount Warren
|{{Convert|13722|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 5 | Mount Helen
|{{Convert|13620|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 6 | Turret Peak
|{{Convert|13620|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 7 | Mount Sacagawea
|{{Convert|13569|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 8 | Jackson Peak
|{{Convert|13517|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 9 | Mount Woodrow Wilson
|{{Convert|13502|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 10 | Bastion Peak
|{{Convert|13494|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 11 | Mount Febbas
|{{Convert|13468|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 12 | Flagstone Peak
|{{Convert|13450|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 13 | Sunbeam Peak
|{{Convert|13440|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 14 | Pinnacle Ridge
|{{Convert|13365|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 15 | Downs Mountain
|{{Convert|13349|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
File:Francs Peak.jpg, Wyoming]]
Other notable Wyoming thirteeners include:
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 20 | Wind River Peak
|{{Convert|13192|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 23 | Cloud Peak
|{{Convert|13167|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 26 | Francs Peak
|{{Convert|13153|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 33 | Black Tooth Mountain
|{{Convert|13005|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=Utah=
Utah has 17 thirteeners with at least 300 ft of prominence, but no fourteeners.{{cite book | last = Rose | first = David | title = Utah Thirteeners | publisher = University of Utah Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-87480-794-8 | url = http://www.utahthirteeners.com/ }}{{cite web | title = Utah's Summits over 13,000 feet | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/UT_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }} All of them are located in the remote Uinta Mountains near the Wyoming border. The highest of the thirteeners are:
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 1 | Kings Peak
|{{Convert|13528|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 2 | South Kings Peak
|{{Convert|13512|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 3 | Gilbert Peak
|{{Convert|13442|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 4 | Mount Emmons
|{{Convert|13440|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=New Mexico=
New Mexico has 3 thirteeners, all located within about {{Convert|40|mi|km|0}} of each other in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.{{cite web | title = New Mexico's Summits over 12,000 feet | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/NM_12ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02}}
class="wikitable" | |
Rank
!Mountain !Elevation !Range | |
---|---|
align=center | 1 | Wheeler Peak
|{{Convert|13161|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 2 | Truchas Peak
|{{Convert|13102|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center | 3 | North Truchas Peak
|{{Convert|13024|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=Hawaii=
Hawaii has two thirteeners,{{cite web | title = Hawaii's Summits over 13,000 feet | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/HI_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }} the great shield volcanoes which comprise the bulk of the Big Island of Hawaii.
class="wikitable" |
Rank
! width=100 | Mountain !Elevation ! width=100 | Range |
---|
align=center
|1 |{{Convert|13796|ft|m |0|abbr=on}} |
align=center
|2 |{{Convert|13680|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=Nevada=
Nevada has only a single thirteener that meets the threshold for inclusion, Wheeler Peak in Great Basin National Park with an impressive {{Convert|7568|ft|m|0}} of prominence. However, the highest point in the state is Boundary Peak, which is a sub-peak of California's Montgomery Peak with only {{Convert|240|ft|m|0}} of prominence.{{cite web | title = Nevada's Summits over 13,000 feet | url= http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/NV_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
class="wikitable" |
width=100 | Mountain
!Elevation ! width=100 | Range |
---|
align=center
|{{Convert|13140|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
align=center
|{{Convert|13065|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} |
=Washington=
Mount Rainier is the only mountain in Washington state that exceeds {{Convert|13000|ft|m|-2}}, and it has two summits that meet the prominence criteria,{{cite web | title = Washington's Summits over 13,000 feet | url = http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/WA_13ers.shtml | accessdate = 2007-03-02 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091224204839/http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island_files/WA_13ers.shtml | archivedate = 2009-12-24 }} both of which are included on the list of fourteeners.
{{clear}}
See also
{{portal|Geography|North America|United States|Mountains}}
- Outline of the United States
- Index of United States-related articles
- Fourteener
- Mountain peaks of Alaska
- Mountain peaks of California
- Mountain peaks of Colorado
- Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains
- Mountain peaks of the United States
{{clear}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Wiktionary}}
External links
- [https://listsofjohn.com/clist?lid=52 listsofjohn.com] (Full listing of US 13ers excluding Alaska)
- [http://www.climb.mountains.com/Project_Island.shtml Peak Lists by Gerry Roach] (Lists of thirteeners in several states)
- [http://www.13ers.com/ 13ers.com - Home of Colorado's Thirteeners (Mountains Between 13,000 and 14,000 feet)]
- [http://www.climb13ers.com/ Climb13ers.com - Peakbagging Info (including routes, maps & photos) for Colorado 13ers]
- [https://sunlitsummit.com/trip-reports/wyoming/wyoming-13ers/ SunlitSummit.com - Photos and Trip Report for all of the Wyoming 13ers]