Thomas Hayton Mawson

Mawson was born in Nether Wyresdale, Lancashire, and left school at age 12. His father, who died in 1877, was a warper in a cotton mill and later started a building business. Thomas married Anna Prentice in 1884 and the Mawsons made their family home in Windermere, Westmorland, in 1885. They had four sons and five daughters. Their eldest son, Edward Prentice Mawson, was a successful landscape architect and took over the running of his father's firm{{Cite web |url=http://www.thomasmawson.co.uk |title=The Thomas Mawson Archive at Kendal Record Office |access-date=1 January 2011}} when his father developed Parkinson's disease in 1923. Another son, John Mawson, moved to New Zealand in 1928 as Director of Town Planning for that country.

Mawson died at Applegarth, Hest Bank, near Lancaster, Lancashire, aged 72, and is buried in Bowness Cemetery within a few miles of some of his best gardens and overlooking Windermere.

To make a living, he worked first in the building trade in Lancaster, then at a London nursery where he gained experience in landscape gardening. In the 1880s he moved back north, where he and two brothers started the Lakeland Nursery in Windermere. The firm became sufficiently successful for him to be able to turn his attention to garden design.

Mawson's first commission was a local property, Graythwaite Hall, and his work there showed his hallmark blend of architecture and planting. He went on to design other gardens in Cumbria such as Langdale Chase, Holehird,[http://www.visitcumbria.com/amb/holehird.htm Holehird House, Troutbeck, Cumbria] Brockhole,[http://www.visitcumbria.com/amb/brockh.htm Brockhole, Cumbria] and Holker Hall around the turn of the century.

Image:Belle Vue Park Pavilion.jpg]]

Image:Belle Vue Park Tea House.jpg]]

In 1891 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Belle Vue Park in Newport, Monmouthshire, Mawson's first win in an open competition. His design was, in fact, designed for the neighbouring field, the site of the then Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital after Mawson misunderstood directions on his first visit. The mistake was not realised until the first site visit, after the contract had been awarded.

Between 1894 and 1909 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Dyffryn Gardens, the home of John Cory, in the Vale of Glamorgan.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Mawson was the landscape designer for Glyn Cory Garden Village, funded by Cory and close to Dyffryn, in nearby Peterston-super-Ely. It was the first garden suburb in Wales.{{cite book|author=John B. Hilling|title=The Architecture of Wales: From the First to the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe2VDwAAQBAJ|date=15 August 2018|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=978-1-78683-285-6|page=279}} Other work in Wales included Maes Manor, near Blackwood, Caerphilly, for a local colliery owner, where Mawson extended the house and laid out an important garden.{{Cadw|num=26701|desc=Maes Manor Hotel|grade=II|access-date=19 August 2023}}

In 1896, Mawson created the garden at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute. The garden was said to have been inspired by the garden at Calvary and the Via Dolorosa in the Old City of Jerusalem.{{cite news |last1=Dick |first1=Sandra |title=Mount Stuart's Calvary-inspired garden set to bloom once more after restoration. |work=The Herald |date=30 May 2022 |location=Glasgow |page=7}}

Between 1902 and 1903 Thomas Mawson designed the summerhouse, balustraded terraces and pond within a formal garden for Albert Ochs at his new house at Walmer, Kent. Walmer Place was built in 1901 on the site of the earlier building known as Walmer Lodge. The summerhouse itself is of architectural merit with high quality stonework to its classical detailing and it survives largely intact. The designs for the gardens at Walmer Place were exhibited in 1903 at the Royal Academy.Royal Academy 135th Exhibition. Exhibit No.1570

The Rushton Hall estate in Northamptonshire has early 20th century formal terraced gardens designed by Mawson between 1905–1909 and implemented by his brother Robert.{{cn|date=November 2019}} In 1908 Mawson was enlisted to design the main public park in the new town of Barrow-in-Furness.{{cite web|url=http://www.nwemail.co.uk/memories/award-proves-our-park-is-great-1.589238 |title=Award Proves Our Park is Great |publisher=North West Evening Mail |accessdate=31 May 2022 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205111754/http://www.nwemail.co.uk/memories/award-proves-our-park-is-great-1.589238 |archivedate=5 December 2014 }}

In 1907 Mawson designed the terraced gardens for Lindeth Fell, near Windermere. The gardens remain remarkably intact; the terraces and richly planted borders sit the house in a relaxed style on a sloping hillside with views over lake Windermere to the Coniston mountains. Elizabeth Kissack's 2006 book on Mawson describes the gardens here as 'where Mawson excelled in making the garden seem to wrap itself around the house as if they were one'.{{cite book |last1=Kissack |first1=Elizabeth |title=The Life of Thomas Hayton Mawson, Landscape Architect 1861-1933 |date=2006 |publisher=Elizabeth Kissack |isbn=978-0955365300 |url=}}

In London Mawson designed gardens at The Hill, in Hampstead for Lord Leverhulme. The impressive 800 ft long pergola is now open to the public as The Hill Garden and Pergola, part of the West Heath.{{cite web |last1=Marsh |first1=David |title=The Pergola, Hampstead. |url=https://thegardenstrust.blog/2020/06/06/the-pergola-hampstead/ |publisher=The Gardens Trust |access-date=19 January 2024 |language=en |date=6 June 2020}}{{cite web |title=The Hill Garden and Pergola |url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/where-to-go-at-hampstead-heath/hill-garden-and-pergola |website=City of London |access-date=19 January 2024 |language=en}} He designed Rivington Gardens and Lever Park in Lancashire also for Lord Leverhulme.{{Harvnb|Waymark|2009|pp=77–81}} Padiham Memorial Park (1921) was another commission in Lancashire. Mawson also designed the gardens at [http://wood-hall.co.uk/ Wood Hall] near Cockermouth, Cumbria, which were completed in 1920. Much of this garden still survives today.

From 1910 to 1924 he lectured frequently at the school of civic design, Liverpool University.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography He also contributed articles on garden design to The Studio magazine and its annual The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art. In the 1920s he designed gardens for Dunira, a country house in Perthshire.{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00156|desc=Dunira|access-date=1 April 2019}}

In 1924 he designed the Fazl Mosque in London.{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/news/border/update/2015-03-12/the-cumbrian-who-designed-one-of-britains-first-mosques/ |title=The Cumbrian who designed one of Britain's first mosques |publisher=ITV}}

In 1923 he became president of the Town Planning Institute, and in 1929 the first president of the Institute of Landscape Architects.{{cn|date=November 2019}}

file:Thoman Mawson Thessaloniki proposal, 1918.png ({{circa|1918}}), which shows a metropolitan railway line, in purple, running about the same route as the modern Line 1.{{cite book |first1=Aristotelis |last1=Naniopoulos |first2=Dimitrios |last2=Nalmpantis |url=https://docplayer.gr/3368817-Systiuata-statheris-trohias-stin-poli-tis-thessalonikis-istoriki-anadroui-1889-1968.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814171703/https://docplayer.gr/3368817-Systiuata-statheris-trohias-stin-poli-tis-thessalonikis-istoriki-anadroui-1889-1968.html |archive-date=14 August 2018 |title=Συστήµατα σταθερής τροχιάς στην πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης. Ιστορική αναδροµή (1889-1968) |trans-title=Fixed-track systems in Thessaloniki. Historical Retrospective (1889-1968) |publisher=Aristotle University of Thessaloniki |website=www.docplayer.gr |access-date=14 August 2018 |language=el}}]]

In 1908 he won a competition to lay out the Peace Palace gardens at The Hague. He also advised on the development of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the United States. In 1912 Mawson toured several Canadian cities, beginning in Halifax and ending up in Victoria, British Columbia. As well as giving talks, he proposed several (unaccepted) designs including for Wascana Centre in Regina, Brockton Point lighthouse, Coal Harbour and Lost Lagoon in Vancouver, and urban design plans for Banff and downtown Calgary. Mawson's vision for Calgary, had it been implemented, would have changed what was then a dusty prairie town, into a city of the City Beautiful movement.{{cite web|url=http://www.aala.ab.ca/profession/the-origins|title=The Origins of Landscape Architecture in Canada|publisher= The Alberta Association of Landscape Architects|access-date=25 May 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://caa.ucalgary.ca/mawsonreportpart1|title=The Mawson Report|publisher=University of Calgary|access-date=25 May 2012}}

With the passage of time many of Mawson's finished schemes have either disappeared or decayed out of all recognition. However, efforts have been made to preserve his designs by heritage listings (mainly the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens, although some of his structures such as the terraces at Rydal Hall are listed buildings). Also, a number of Mawson's parks and gardens have been restored, sometimes on a one-off basis or as part of wider initiatives such as the "Parks for People" programme for historic parks and cemeteries in the UK.{{cite press release | url=http://www.landscapeinstitute.org.uk/PDF/Contribute/LIAWARDS2012HeritageConservationcategorypressrelease.pdf | title=Three lottery funded parks | publisher=Landscape Institute | access-date=27 November 2013}} Examples of restorations include:

• Rydal Hall, Cumbria, where Mawson's Grade II* listed Italianate terraces have been restored.{{cite web | url=http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/recreating-mawson-s-historic-rydal-hall-garden.341305.html | title=Recreating Mawson's historic Rydal Hall garden | publisher=Cumberland and Westmorland Herald | access-date=29 November 2013}}
• Two Grade II* listed municipal parks in the city of Stoke-on-Trent (Hanley Park and Burslem Park[http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle_print.aspx?uid=1001329&showMap=1&showText=1 Burslem Park])
• Bushey Rose Garden, Hertfordshire (Grade II listed).
• The Hill Garden and Pergola, Hampstead Heath, designed for Lord Leverhulme.{{cite web |title=The Hill Garden and Pergola near Hampstead Heath |url=https://www.visitgardens.co.uk/gardens/the-hill-garden-and-pergola/ |website=Visit Gardens |access-date=27 February 2025}}

In 2019, work started on the restoration of Mawson's garden at Mount Stuart House. The work was due to be completed in August 2022.

More than 14,000 plans and drawings together with 6,500 glass plate negatives and photographs comprise the archive of Mawson documents. They are stored at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal, having been offered to the Cumbria Archive Service following the closure of Thomas H. Mawson & Son of Lancaster and Windermere in 1978. [http://archiveweb.cumbria.gov.uk/calmview/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=WDB+86&pos=1 Catalogue of Thomas Mawson collection held at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal]

• 1900: The Art and Craft of Garden Making, 1st edn 1900, 5th edn (recommended), 1926.
• 1908: "The Designing of Gardens", article in The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art 1908
• 1911: Civic Art Covers the principles of town planning
• 1927: The Life and Work of an English Landscape Architect

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• Morecambe and Heysham War Memorial, a Mawson design

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• {{cite book |last= Tankard |first= Judith B. |title= Gardens of the Arts & Craft Movement |location= Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |date= 2018 |type= Hardback |isbn= 978-1-604698-20-6}}
• {{cite book|last= Waymark |first= Janet |title= Thomas Mawson: life, gardens and landscapes |location= London |publisher= Frances Lincoln |date= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-7112-2595-4 }}

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• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Thomas Hayton Mawson}}
• [http://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2009/02/eden-bridge-gardens-work-underway/ Eden Bridge Gardens, Carlisle]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20081007114028/http://visitcumbria.com/mawson.htm Gardens designed by Thomas Mawson in Cumbria]
• [http://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2008/10/thomas-h-mawson-landscape-architect/ Thomas H. Mawson, Landscape Architect]
• [http://www.gardenvisit.com/b/mawson.htm Thomas Mawson: a Gardens Guide biography]
• [http://www.shellguides.freeserve.co.uk/Thm/THM.htm Thomas Mawson 1861–1933; edited by Chris Mawson]
• [http://www.southlakeland.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=1380 Bowness Cemetery, South Lakeland Council]
• {{cite web|url=http://www.thomasmawson.co.uk/ |title=The Thomas Mawson Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223134103/http://www.thomasmawson.co.uk:80/|archive-date=23 February 2015}}
• [http://www.lancsgt.org.uk/ Lancashire Gardens Trust]
• [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024455861 Bolton as it is and as it might be : six lectures delivered under the auspices of the Bolton housing and town planning society (1916)]

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Category:1861 births

Category:1933 deaths

Category:British landscape architects

Category:People from Windermere, Cumbria

Category:People from Garstang

Category:Presidents of the Royal Town Planning Institute

Category:Architecture of Thessaloniki