Threespot dascyllus
{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Threespot dascyllus
| image = Three-spot Dascyllus, No Name, Ko Tao, Surat Thani, Thailand imported from iNaturalist photo 332636408.jpg
| image_caption =
| image2 = Dascyllus trimaculatus Réunion.jpg
| image2_caption = Adult (top) and juvenile (bottom)
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = VU
| status2_system = IUCN3.1
| status2_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Allen, G. |author2=Burt, J. |author3=Williams, J.T. |author4=Larson, H. |year=2015 |title=Dascyllus trimaculatus (Persian Gulf assessment) |volume=2015 |page=e.T188339A57215444 |doi= |access-date=30 June 2024}} (Persian Gulf)
| genus = Dascyllus
| species = trimaculatus
| authority = (Rüppell, 1829)
| synonyms = *Pomacentrus trimaculatus Rüppell, 1829
- Pomacentrus nuchalis Anonymous [Bennett], 1830
- Dascyllus unicolor Bennett, 1831
- Dascyllus niger Bleeker, 1847
- Sparus nigricans Gronow, 1854
- Dascyllus axillaris J.L.B. Smith, 1935
}}
The threespot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), also known as the domino damsel or simply domino, is a species of damselfish from the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and East Africa, to the Pitcairn Islands, southern Japan, and Australia, and can also be found in some parts of the Philippines.{{FishBase|genus=Dascyllus|species=trimaculatus|year=2007|month=5}}
Taxonomy
File:Three-spot Dascyllus, Lau, Fiji imported from iNaturalist photo 305967099.jpg, showing yellow colouration from D. auripinnis introgression.]]
Dascyllus trimaculatus is one of four species in its namesake D. trimaculatus species complex. The other three species in this complex are D. albisella, D. strasburgi, and D. auripinnis. D. trimaculatus and D. auripinnis are parapatric (their ranges overlap in the Northern Cook Islands), but the four species are otherwise all allopatric. The D. trimaculatus complex diverged from the D. reticulatus complex 3.9 million years ago, in the Pleistocene.{{Cite journal |last=Leray |first=Matthieu |last2=Beldade |first2=Ricardo |last3=Holbrook |first3=Sally J. |last4=Schmitt |first4=Russell J. |last5=Planes |first5=Serge |last6=Bernardi |first6=Giacomo |date=2010-05-01 |title=ALLOPATRIC DIVERGENCE AND SPECIATION IN CORAL REEF FISH: THE THREE-SPOT DASCYLLUS, DASCYLLUS TRIMACULATUS, SPECIES COMPLEX |url=https://academic.oup.com/evolut/article-abstract/64/5/1218/6854247?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Evolution |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=1218–1230 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00917.x |issn=0014-3820}}
Mitochondrial genome analysis found that D. trimaculatus itself can be split into three populations: Indian Ocean, southern French Polynesia, and West-Central Pacific. D. auripinnis has been found to clade with the West-Central Pacific population of D. trimaculatus, which raises some doubts as to the former's validity. Fish described as D. trimaculatus in Fiji have yellow pelvic and anal fins, and streaks of orange in the dorsal and caudal fins. These physically appear intermediate between D. trimaculatus and D. auripinnis; genomic analysis shows that they are a result of introgression of D. auripinnis into D. trimaculatus through repeated backcrossing.
= Etymology =
Trimaculatus, meaning "three-spotted", refers to the fish's three white spots. This accounts also for the common name "domino".Siliotti, A. (2002) fishes of the red sea Verona, Geodia {{ISBN|88-87177-42-2}}
Description
Its grey to black body has two lateral white spots and one between the eyes like domino hence the name; the threespot dascyllus grows up to {{Convert|13|cm|abbr=on}} in length. Coloration is somewhat variable; the spot on the forehead may be absent and the lateral spots very much reduced. It feeds on algae, copepods and other planktonic crustaceans.Allen, G.R., 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p.
{{Multiple image
| image1 = MitsuboshiKSDup (mirror).jpg
| image2 = MitsuboshiKSD.jpg
| align = center
| image3 = Three-spot Dascyllus, Dibab, Rode Zee, EG imported from iNaturalist photo 150206525 (cropped).jpg
| image4 = Three-spot Dascyllus, doodles Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique imported from iNaturalist photo 446980069.jpg
| total_width = 600
| footer = Growth series: from youngest juvenile to adult
}}
Habitat
Generally, adults are found in small groups around coral heads or large rocks. Juveniles may be found associated with large sea anemones or sheltering between the spines of diadema sea urchins or branching corals.Lieske, E. and Myers, R.F. (2004) Coral reef guide; Red Sea London, HarperCollins {{ISBN|0-00-715986-2}} This species may be found to depths of 55 m.
Biology
= Symbiosis with anemones =
File:Sharm rocks 04.jpg with a sebae clownfish.]]Juveniles dwell with anemones such as Stichodactyla mertensi for shelter. This relationship with anemones is lost as they mature into adults.{{Cite book |last=Fautin |first=Daphne Gail |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetoanem0000faut/mode/2up |title=Field guide to anemonefishes and their host sea anemones |date=1992 |publisher=Perth, WA : Western Australian Museum |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7309-5216-9}}{{Cite journal |last=Hayashi |first=Kina |last2=Tachihara |first2=Katsunori |last3=Reimer |first3=James Davis |date=2020-05-30 |title=Anemonefish aggressiveness affects the presence of Dascyllus trimaculatus co-existing with host anemones |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-020-03696-9 |journal=Marine Biology |language=en |volume=167 |issue=6 |pages=84 |doi=10.1007/s00227-020-03696-9 |issn=1432-1793}} On very rare occasions, the juveniles may use corals instead.
Juveniles may co-habit their hosted anemones with certain species of clownfish, although more aggressive clownfish species may refuse to share anemones.
Symbiosis with anemones is also seen in every other species of the D. trimaculatus species complex.{{Cite journal |last=Stevenson |first=Robert A. |date=1963 |title=Behavior of the Pomacentrid Reef Fish Dascyllus albisella Gill in Relation to the Anemone Marcanthia cookei |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1440960?origin=crossref |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=4 |pages=612–614 |doi=10.2307/1440960 |issn=0045-8511}}
In aquarium
During the juvenile period, they live with the sea anemone. They grow fast and can grow up to {{Convert|14|cm|abbr=on}} in length in a large fish tank.Youtube <
Gallery
File:Three-spot Dascyllus, Butaritari Island, Kiribati imported from iNaturalist photo 343836700.jpg|In Fiji, showing yellow colouration from D. auripinnis introgression.
File:Dascyllus trimaculatus Domino damsel.jpg|Threespot dascyllus and anthias grouping over coral near Taba, Egypt
File:Juvenile Three Spot Dascyllus and Blackfoot Anemone Fish.jpg|A pair of juvenile three-spot dascylluses with their anemone in the Maldives: A pair of black-foot anemonefish can be seen to the top.
File:Maldive anemonefish.jpg|Juvenile threespot dascyllus (left) and a pair of Maldives anemonefish associated with the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica
File:Taman-nasional-wakatobi.jpg|Shoals of threespot dascyllus fish at Wakatobi National Park
References
{{Commonscat|Dascyllus trimaculatus}}
{{Wikispecies|Dascyllus trimaculatus}}
External links
- {{sealifephotos|212846}}
{{Portal|Fish|marine biology|marine life}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q908364}}
Category:Fish described in 1829
Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
{{Pomacentridae-stub}}